An excellent ppt on basics of bone marrow morphology and examination which i came accross on the internet.. Not my creation.. Full credit to the author..
An excellent ppt on basics of bone marrow morphology and examination which i came accross on the internet.. Not my creation.. Full credit to the author..
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a highly sensitive method that allows the localization of antigen within a cell or a tissue with high resolution. The method is based on the use of a primary antibody that specifically binds to its complementary antigen. The bound antibody may then be visualized by a variety of methods such as colorimetric end points.
This presentation describes the technique of bone marrow aspiration and biopsy and shows the maturation of elements in sequence and finally adds a note on how to report a bone marrow slide
pathology of round cell tumours of osseo articular system like ewings sarcoma, mesenchymal chondrosarcoma,small cell osteosarcoma, plasma cell neoplasms and other hematopoietic malignancies. how immunochemistry os playing pivotal role in differential diagnosis.
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a highly sensitive method that allows the localization of antigen within a cell or a tissue with high resolution. The method is based on the use of a primary antibody that specifically binds to its complementary antigen. The bound antibody may then be visualized by a variety of methods such as colorimetric end points.
This presentation describes the technique of bone marrow aspiration and biopsy and shows the maturation of elements in sequence and finally adds a note on how to report a bone marrow slide
pathology of round cell tumours of osseo articular system like ewings sarcoma, mesenchymal chondrosarcoma,small cell osteosarcoma, plasma cell neoplasms and other hematopoietic malignancies. how immunochemistry os playing pivotal role in differential diagnosis.
Our Aim was to bridge the gap between us and other departments through highlighting who the ClinChem dept is, what it does and how it does it. It shines light on some of our latest achievements during 2011 in the areas of Teaching & Training, Research & Laboratory Services.
Christine Swarbrick discusses a pathology imaging system from a user perspectiveCirdan
For 18 months, the Cellular Pathology Laboratory in Craigavon Area Hospital, Northern Ireland, has been getting use to a Pathology Imaging System. This short talk looks at the journey so far and what may lie in the future for a DGH Cell Path Laboratory using such technology systems.
Tutorial: Case-based learning: Dr. Cary EnglebergOpen.Michigan
PDF and PPT available at http://open.umich.edu/education/med/oernetwork/guides/designing-case-based-e-learning/2013/materials. CC BY Dr. Cary Engleberg.
The assignment is to describe and review a teaching experience within higher education, reason about the experience based on pedagogical theories/principles and discuss how the teaching session could be developed in order to better facilitate meaningful learning for the students.
Describe the aims, main content, the set-up and who the students are/the student group. The description should also show the context in which the teaching takes place and the learning outcomes in the course syllabus that your teaching session supports the students in achieving.
Review this session based on the pedagogical theories and principles that have been brought up during the course in relation to, for example, meaningful learning, student-centred teaching, the role of the teacher, outcome-related teaching, constructive alignment, etc. Discuss the ways in which the teaching/supervision facilitates the students' learning and what may constitute difficulties/obstacles.
Discuss what you could consider changing or developing in your teaching, describe how you would go about it and justify changes based on relevant pedagogical theories and concepts. Also describe how you could go about following up the students' learning (if you do not already do this). Your reasoning should be supported by references to course literature and/or other literature/research within higher education. Compile the literature you refer to in a list of references according to an accepted referencing system.
31_Program Elective course - II (Invitro fertilization).pdfVamsi kumar
The elective course on "In vitro Fertilization" is designed to equip students with a comprehensive understanding of the IVF process, from the history and evolution of the practice to the advanced techniques and procedures used in today's IVF labs. The course delves into the roles of endocrinology in IVF, the future trends of IVF, and the ethical and legal challenges faced in the field. It's a hands-on course that combines theoretical knowledge with real-world case studies to help students apply their learning in a practical context.
Created by: Mr. Attuluri Vamsi Kumar, Assistant Professor, Department of MLT, UIAHS, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab. For more details website: https://www.mltmaster.com
Recent advances and changing face of anatomyMathew Joseph
Background A sound knowledge of human anatomy is a major requirement for
being a good physician or a practicing surgeon. Despite digitalization and modernization of education sector, traditional cadaveric dissection still occupies the leadership
of anatomy education. It is becoming an untold truth that no modern technologies
such as virtual dissection or 3D model printing could replace cadaveric dissection in its
way of teaching students.
Methods Recent research studies on modern anatomical teaching methods for
medical and non-medical students and their influences are reviewed.
Results Despite new technologies, traditional cadaveric dissection helps students to
acquire more practical knowledge and still occupies prior position on its way
Associate investigator on campus-wide study of how the arrangement of bathroom facilities impact re-contamination. Presentation given at the 2010 The Association for Marketing & Healthcare Research Annual Conference in Lake Tahoe, Nevada on February 26, 2010.
Similar to Teaching Pathology To Medical Students 10 25 09 (20)
CytoJournal- Open Access & CMAS on EUS FNA of Pancreasvshidham
This presentation discusses about Open Access Publishing and evolution of CMAS on EUS FNA of pancreatic lesions. A few case studies are also discussed.
02 Presentations Ii Vs (14 4 Mb) (3 30 08)vshidham
Part II of Four part symposium: “Diagnostic Cytopathology of Serous Effusion” on April 19, 2007 at Neenah, WI, USA
(2008 Wisconsin Society of Cytology, 40th Anniversary)
03 Presentations III VS (8-47MB)- (3-28-08).ppsvshidham
Part III of Four part symposium: “Diagnostic Cytopathology of Serous Effusion” on April 19, 2007 at Neenah, WI, USA
(2008 Wisconsin Society of Cytology, 40th Anniversary)
04 Presentations IV VS (8MB)- (3-28-08) .ppsvshidham
Part IV of Four part symposium: “Diagnostic Cytopathology of Serous Effusion” on April 19, 2007 at Neenah, WI, USA
(2008 Wisconsin Society of Cytology, 40th Anniversary)
01 Presentation I VS (8-55MB)- (3-28-08).ppsvshidham
Part I of Four part symposium: “Diagnostic Cytopathology of Serous Effusion” on April 19, 2007 at Neenah, WI, USA
(2008 Wisconsin Society of Cytology, 40th Anniversary)
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
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Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
1. Teaching Pathology to Medical Students in 21 st Century Vinod B. Shidham , MD, FRCPath, FIAC Professor Co-editor-in-chief & Executive editor, CytoJournal ( www.cytojournal.com ) Dept of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI [email_address]
3. Philosophy Pathology a traditionally descriptive discipline Covering morphological aspects of disease in organs, tissues and cells. Diagnostic skills are crucial for diagnostic anatomic pathologist Not a major concern for medical students. However, pathology is basic core of modern medicine. It is conduit between basic biological science and clinical medicine. Modern pathology curriculum should address this basic philosophy. To understand and develop critical thinking for life long learning.
4. Understanding causes and mechanisms of disease. Application of current diagnostic pathology tools in clinical setting- Including conventional tests such as- surgical pathology, cytopathology, chemical pathology, microbiology, cytogentics etc. Application of future evolving modalities such as molecular techniques. Appropriate utilization of tests in management algorithm Understanding limitations and strengths of pathology tests/approaches Goal of Pathology teaching in 21 st century
5. Past- Organized and participated in conventional pathology course since 1977 (with teachers award by the Students Association of GMC in 1979)- Lectures, tutorials, demonstrations, small group teaching with specimens, autopsy, pathology quiz, Case base learning facilitator. Introduced FNAB performance - on cattle liver stuffed in latex glove with video demonstration to all M2 students before practicing individually in small groups . Future- a. Web based lectures followed by Quiz b. Online interactive sessions with virtual microscopy (a & b ?Mandatory qualifier)- with IT based tracking of data. Small group teaching, tutorials, and pathology quiz Case base learning and on hand demos of some pathology procedures E. g.- Practicing FNAB procedure using FNAB phantom (Published as video article http://www.jove.com/index/Details.stp?ID=1404 ) . Previous experience
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9. Additional past academic leadership experiences applicable to future projects in teaching pathology to medical students
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12. Shidham VB and Atkinson BF . Cytopathologic Diagnosis of Serous Fluids Elsevier (W. B. Saunders Company) First edition, 2007.
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17. Integration of other resources on web Many other resources on web Maturen K , Interactive Computer Teaching Module for Radiologic-Pathologic Correlations in Breast Imaging. MedEdPORTAL; 2006. Available from: http://services.aamc.org/30/mededportal/servlet/s/segment/mededportal/?subid=257 Title: Interactive Computer Teaching Module for Radiologic-Pathologic Correlations in Breast Imaging MedEdPORTAL ID#: 257 Version: 1 Resource Type: Tutorial Description: This is a web-based tutorial designed for senior level medical students, radiology or surgery residents or fellows. It begins with an introduction to the BIRADS (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System) nomenclature and categories for description in breast imaging. This introduction is followed by 12 ----- kmulder@umich.edu http://services.aamc.org/30/mededportal/servlet/segment/mededportal/information/
18. Pathology is critical conduit between basic and the clinical sciences. Without such understanding clinical medicine would be nothing more than memorized clinical syndromes treated empirically. The primary goal of the pathology course should be- To initiate clear understanding of the etiology (cause), pathogenesis (development), pathological anatomy, and pathophysiology of disease.
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20. Basic goals may include - integration of the basic and clinical science - preparation of the students for the step 1 examination of the USMLE, - preparation of the students for the transition to the clinical years. The cases with common chief complaint are presented to construct appropriate differential diagnosis with information about the physical and laboratory findings. The students are quizzed to correlate pathophysiology and relevant basic science to reach the diagnosis and formulate a treatment plan. Integrated Case Section / Case base learning- Individual instructors/facilitators (pathology faculty, residents, fellows) meet prior to session with the presenter of lecture on same topic preceding the laboratory to review the content for continuity between lecture and laboratory.
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22. Utilization of computer-based learning. Enhance small group learning experiences- through the creative computer applications to demonstrate- gross, microscopic, and molecular material Significance of case-oriented learning. De-emphasize large group lecturing Involve allied health professional as needed. Long term progress with excellent faculty building by- Rewarding the faculty demonstrating teaching excellence and a Fostering faculty development as medical educators. Future possibilities
23. PowerPoint with voice Capture and share PowerPoint on web. For lectures and tutorials at individual pace.
25. May use existing resources on web such as on slideshare http://www.slideshare.net/msincome/adding-audio-to-slideshare Synchronize by following instructions for ‘ adding audio to slideshare presentation ’ at
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27. Preferably produced and hosted on dedicated server with appropriate password protected components and encryption to conduct pre- and post tutorial quizzes , to monitor and document progress matrices , real time updating , and more------
28. Password monitored, web based , didactic lectures with interactive , audiovisual component Benefits- Consistency Convenience Accountability Documentability Flexibility Online quiz (USMLE style) after completing individual didactic lecture (any time within a stipulated period) Students have to demonstrate completion of all lectures with predetermined minimum score on Quiz on related topic Encouraging the students to opt for elective in pathology during M3 / M4- -To understand diagnostic pathology -Conduct basic science/clinical research in pathology -Learn educational contribution of autopsy. -Introduce to national pathology associations/societies Case base learning (CBL) topic(s) (related to the didactic lectures) on web . CBL session for a small group (6 to 8) with human component as facilitator- pathologists (faculty & volunteers), residents fellows) - -To monitor the discussion among students, -To explain related virtual slides (also available on web), -To reply any related questions by the students.
![Teaching Pathology to Medical Students in 21 st Century Vinod B. Shidham , MD, FRCPath, FIAC Professor Co-editor-in-chief & Executive editor, CytoJournal ( www.cytojournal.com ) Dept of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, WI [email_address]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/teachingpathologytomedicalstudents10-25-09-091025150438-phpapp02/85/Teaching-Pathology-To-Medical-Students-10-25-09-1-320.jpg)
