The document summarizes the status of environmental flows (E-flows) in India and a study conducted by WWF-India to assess E-flows in the upper stretch of the River Ganga. It provides background on the concept of E-flows and highlights key initiatives in India. It then describes the building block methodology used in the Ganga study, conducted in partnership with hydrology, geomorphology, and other experts. The study identified four zones and representative sites to recommend maintenance flows based on filling out flow motivation forms. Results presented flows for zones 1 and 3 as a percentage of mean annual runoff to meet ecological needs.
Kansas City's Overflow Control Program, 2012, u.s. water alliance,urban water...U.S. Water Alliance
Kansas City has made a commitment to use green infrastructure as a way to address its combined sewer overflows and to become one of the most sustainable cities in the country. This presentation will provide an overview of the Kansas City's Green and Water Works programs. As part of Kansas City’s federally-mandated Overflow Control Program, a 744-acre green infrastructure project is underway in one watershed to reduce combined sewer overflows. Green infrastructure is used to intercept stormwater, keeping it out of the combined sewer system, reducing the overflow and the amount of excess water that gets pumped and treated. To further enhance the green infrastructure efforts, the City is working with residents and neighbors to make improvements on their own properties by reducing water consumption and reducing the amount of stormwater that leaves a property through runoff or direct connections to the sewer system. Kansas City's project is one of the largest green infrastructure projects in the United States to reduce combined sewer overflows.
Kansas City's Overflow Control Program, 2012, u.s. water alliance,urban water...U.S. Water Alliance
Kansas City has made a commitment to use green infrastructure as a way to address its combined sewer overflows and to become one of the most sustainable cities in the country. This presentation will provide an overview of the Kansas City's Green and Water Works programs. As part of Kansas City’s federally-mandated Overflow Control Program, a 744-acre green infrastructure project is underway in one watershed to reduce combined sewer overflows. Green infrastructure is used to intercept stormwater, keeping it out of the combined sewer system, reducing the overflow and the amount of excess water that gets pumped and treated. To further enhance the green infrastructure efforts, the City is working with residents and neighbors to make improvements on their own properties by reducing water consumption and reducing the amount of stormwater that leaves a property through runoff or direct connections to the sewer system. Kansas City's project is one of the largest green infrastructure projects in the United States to reduce combined sewer overflows.
On 17 and 18 June 2020 the EPA held its National Water Event as an online conference.
This year's theme was 'Restoring our waters'.
This years event was free to attend. It was the EPA's largest water event ever, with over 1250 attending.
To everyone who joined us: thanks for attending; thanks for your probing questions; thanks for your passion; thanks for caring about our waters. We can achieve more working together.
Special thanks to all our presenters and the team who worked behind the scenes to make sure this years conference happened.
For science and stories about water quality in Ireland, check out www.catchments.ie
CaBA Startup Conference 02 - A response to the challenge from the third sectorCaBASupport
Sets the context for the Catchment based Approach, describing the decline in ecosystem functionality and the challenge that still faces the UK in achieving improvements under the Water Framework Directive. Outlines the roles of the new CaBA Partnerships, the National Steering group, and the EA in helping to shape the next round of River Basin Managment Plans, and also in achieving improvements that go beyond WFD.
The Philippines’ main sources of water are rivers, lakes, river basins, and groundwater reservoirs. The longest and largest river, Cagayan River, discharges approximately 53, 943 million cubic meters of water annually. Its groundwater reserves are 47, 895 million cubic meters replenished by rainfall and seepage from rivers and lakes. The lakes are utilized mainly for fish cultivation. The four major groundwater reservoirs are in Cagayan, Central Luzon, Agusan, and Cotabato. There are 438 major dams and 423 smaller dams.
On 17 and 18 June 2020 the EPA held its National Water Event as an online conference.
This year's theme was 'Restoring our waters'.
This years event was free to attend. It was the EPA's largest water event ever, with over 1250 attending.
To everyone who joined us: thanks for attending; thanks for your probing questions; thanks for your passion; thanks for caring about our waters. We can achieve more working together.
Special thanks to all our presenters and the team who worked behind the scenes to make sure this years conference happened.
For science and stories about water quality in Ireland, check out www.catchments.ie
Dwindling availability of water, combined with increases and competition in demand, climate change impacts, trends toward true cost water pricing, among other “drivers,” necessitates that urban water planning incorporate consideration of strategies for use, conservation, and reuse of treated wastewater and stormwater. Three innovative initiatives will be discussed as illustrations of “win-win” approaches that achieve effective water management (urban water security/sustainability) while facilitating economic development.
This presentation was given at the EPA’s National Water Event 2019, which took place on 29 and 30 May 2019 in Galway. This presentation by Jack Nolan from the Dept. of Agriculture Food and Marine
This presentation was given at the EPA’s National Water Event 2019, which took place on 29 and 30 May 2019 in Galway. This presentation by Rebecca Jeffrey from NPWS is on the status of protected habitats and species in Ireland
On 17 and 18 June 2020 the EPA held its National Water Event as an online conference.
This year's theme was 'Restoring our waters'.
This years event was free to attend. It was the EPA's largest water event ever, with over 1250 attending.
To everyone who joined us: thanks for attending; thanks for your probing questions; thanks for your passion; thanks for caring about our waters. We can achieve more working together.
Special thanks to all our presenters and the team who worked behind the scenes to make sure this years conference happened.
For science and stories about water quality in Ireland, check out www.catchments.ie
CaBA Startup Conference 02 - A response to the challenge from the third sectorCaBASupport
Sets the context for the Catchment based Approach, describing the decline in ecosystem functionality and the challenge that still faces the UK in achieving improvements under the Water Framework Directive. Outlines the roles of the new CaBA Partnerships, the National Steering group, and the EA in helping to shape the next round of River Basin Managment Plans, and also in achieving improvements that go beyond WFD.
The Philippines’ main sources of water are rivers, lakes, river basins, and groundwater reservoirs. The longest and largest river, Cagayan River, discharges approximately 53, 943 million cubic meters of water annually. Its groundwater reserves are 47, 895 million cubic meters replenished by rainfall and seepage from rivers and lakes. The lakes are utilized mainly for fish cultivation. The four major groundwater reservoirs are in Cagayan, Central Luzon, Agusan, and Cotabato. There are 438 major dams and 423 smaller dams.
On 17 and 18 June 2020 the EPA held its National Water Event as an online conference.
This year's theme was 'Restoring our waters'.
This years event was free to attend. It was the EPA's largest water event ever, with over 1250 attending.
To everyone who joined us: thanks for attending; thanks for your probing questions; thanks for your passion; thanks for caring about our waters. We can achieve more working together.
Special thanks to all our presenters and the team who worked behind the scenes to make sure this years conference happened.
For science and stories about water quality in Ireland, check out www.catchments.ie
Dwindling availability of water, combined with increases and competition in demand, climate change impacts, trends toward true cost water pricing, among other “drivers,” necessitates that urban water planning incorporate consideration of strategies for use, conservation, and reuse of treated wastewater and stormwater. Three innovative initiatives will be discussed as illustrations of “win-win” approaches that achieve effective water management (urban water security/sustainability) while facilitating economic development.
This presentation was given at the EPA’s National Water Event 2019, which took place on 29 and 30 May 2019 in Galway. This presentation by Jack Nolan from the Dept. of Agriculture Food and Marine
This presentation was given at the EPA’s National Water Event 2019, which took place on 29 and 30 May 2019 in Galway. This presentation by Rebecca Jeffrey from NPWS is on the status of protected habitats and species in Ireland
Presented by Vladimir Smakhtin at the Ministry of Water Resources, New Delhi, India, November 4, 2014.
The flows of India’s rivers are increasingly being modified by dams and weirs and abstractions for agriculture and urban use. These interventions have caused significant alteration of flow regimes mainly by reducing total flow and affecting its variability and seasonality. An Environmental Flow (EF) is the water regime provided within a river, wetland or coastal zone to maintain ecosystems and their benefits. Environmental Flows describe the quantity, quality and timing of water flows required to sustain freshwater and estuarine ecosystems and the human livelihoods and well-being that depend on these ecosystems. This presentation looks at how the EF approach has been tested in India and describes a project to apply EF methodology to the upper Ganga.
Water issues of Mumbai city from the perspective of the local municipal authority in charges of supply and distribution to the city. Challenges and solutions to meeting the increasing demand for water and dealing with distribution losses among other problems.
First Session on MultiScale Integrated Assessment of Societal and Ecosystem metabolism of Water.
ESEE2011 Istanbul.
If you use it, please cite and let us know!!
;)
Setting the scene, including updates on our work around our global demonstrator regions, and then talk through WASH priorities and available data (based on a structure we will provide in advance), identifying gaps with you and how we might address them.
Use of Remote Sensing to Investigate Striking Challenges on W R in Lebanon, A...NENAwaterscarcity
Workshop on Operationalizing the Regional Collaborative Platform to Address ‘Water Consumption, Water Productivity and Drought Management’ in Agriculture, 27 - 29 October 2015, Cairo, Egypt
Presented by Oyture Anarbekov at a workshop on “Innovations for Improving Drylands in Central Asia” held on December 14-15, 2016 in Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
The International WaterCentre (IWC) Master of Integrated Water Management program is designed to equip future water leaders with the knowledge and skills they need to create innovative, ‘whole-of-water-cycle’ solutions to local and global water challenges. The degree is co-badged and co-taught by IWC's four founding member universities: The University of Queensland, Griffith University, Monash University and The University of Western Australia.
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
1. Environmental Flows in Indian context and its
assessment for upper stretch of River Ganga:
WWF – India initiative
Nitin Kaushal
2. E-Flows and its status in Indian context
Minimum Flows –
The minimum flow in the river should not be less than the average
of 10 days minimum flow of the river in its natural state (CWC,
1992)
• The environmental water needs were also recognized by NCIWRDP
(1999)
• Growing debate since 2005-06 about E-Flows in India
• An international workshop on E-Flows organised in March 2005
made following resolution regarding E-Flows:
– The EFR differ considerably in different rivers and different reaches,
and have to be assessed and prescribed separately
– The assessment of EFR should consider comprehensive methods
Contd . . .
3. • The IWMI has worked on E-Flows in Southern Indian rivers
and later developed GEFC (2006-07)
• The NEP, 2006 talks about „Freshwater Resources‟ and also
calls for IWRM and E-Flows
• As a pre-condition for upcoming HePs, the Himachal
Pradesh government has mandated 15% of lean season flow
(2006)
• The Water Quality Assessment Authority (WQAA) used
“modified Tennant Method” to assess flow requirements in
Indian rivers (2007)
• WWF – India initiated study on E-Flows assessment (since
2008)
• GRBMP (under preparation) for the first time is looking into
E-Flows in a comprehensive manner (since 2010)
4. HSBC – WWF India Programme
VISION
Sustainable management of energy and
water resources within the Ganga River
Basin in the face of climate change
5. Living Ganga Programme : Scope & Focus
Gangotri River Ganga Basin
800 km stretch
from Gangotri
to Kanpur
Kanpur
To establish a framework for sustainable energy and water resources
management, in a critical stretch and key sites in the Ganga basin
6. Ganga River Basin
• Total length of river 2525 kms
• Basin falls in 11 states
• 43% of India‟s population resides (2001 census)
• Population density is 520 person/km²
• 60% of water is allocated to irrigation
• Faces significant industrial pollution
• Pertinent in terms of cultural and spiritual aspects
7. Initial Training Workshop
Delhi, November 2008 Process snapshot
Appointment
of specialists
Objective Setting and Methodology
Development Workshops
December 2008 and February 2009
Information
Review
International Conference on
“Environmental Flow Requirements of Himalayan Rivers”
July 2009
Fieldwork
EFA Progress Workshop
Delhi, November 2009
Specialist
Reports EF Setting Workshop May 2010
8. Environmental Flows Assessment
Building Block Methodology
– Bottom up approach
– Much detailed and can be tailored to suit
local conditions
– Frequently used holistic methodology
– Rigorous and well documented
9. Environmental Flows Assessment – Partners
Facilitation: Prof. Jay O’Keeffe, UNESCO-IHE, Netherlands
Hydrology: Dr. Vladimir Smakhtin and Dr. Luna Bharati, IWMI
Fluvial Geomorphology: Prof. Rajiv Sinha, IIT Kanpur and Dr. Vikrant Jain
Water Quality: Prof. Vinod Tare, IIT Kanpur
Hydraulics: Prof. A K Gosain, IIT Delhi & Dr. S. Rao, INRM
Biodiversity Prof. Prakash Nautiyal, Dr. Sandeep Behere
Cultural-Spiritual: Dr. Ravi Chopra, People’s Science Institute, Dehradun
Livelihoods: Dr. Murali Prasad, IIT Kanpur
10. Zone 2 Bijnour to Narora
(Reference Zone)
Zone 1
Gangotri to
Rishikesh
Zone 3 Zone 4
Narora to Kannauj to
Farrukhabad Kanpur
10
11. Process to arrive at recommendations
5-day Flows Setting Workshop
• The workshop began with a field visit to one of the site.
Where,
- the Hydrology Group provided a summary of flow characteristics
and how they have changed over time.
- Hydraulics Group pointed out the positions of cross-sections and
described the hydraulic characteristics.
- The water quality, fluvial-geomorphology, biodiversity, livelihood &
cultural expert groups provided an overview of the aspects of
interest at the site-Indicators, habitats, uses, seasonal changes,
major issues, reference conditions, present conditions, objectives
12. • After detailed discussion, ‘January’ as driest month and
‘August’ as wettest month.
• The Cross-sections of each of the sites were explained by
the Hydraulics Group, so that other experts can work on
and derive the figures related to Flows, Average Velocity
and Depth etc.
• Flow Motivations Forms were filled by each of the Expert
for each of the identified site i.e. Kaudiyala, Kachla and
Bithoor.
• The baseline data collected by each of the Expert Group
was used to come out with specific motivations while
recommending figures related to Flows, Average Velocity
and Depth etc.
13. Filling of
FLOW MOTIVATION FORMS
Each recommended flow
motivated in terms of:
- Fluvial Geomorphology
- Biodiversity
- Livelihoods
- Culture/Spiritual
- Water Quality
13
14. Maintenance Flows
The Maintenance Flows are for "normal" years, not very wet
or not very dry, here one would expect all the ecological
functions and processes:
fish breeding
inverts emerging
floodplain wetlands full
sediment transport etc.
Maintenance Flows would be equaled or exceeded during
70 years out of 100; however flows would be lower for 30
years out of 100 or in other words, 70% probability on the
flow duration curve.
15. Results: Zone 1, Maintenance Flows
Site EF1 -Kaudiala
14000
The E-Flows requirements 12000
were calculated as 72% of 72% MAR
10000
Mean Annual Runoff
Flow Volume, MCM
(MAR). 8000
6000
While estimating the flow
4000
requirements for this zone,
the present day flows were 2000
not calculated, as flow 0
release data from the Tehri 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Dam was not available.
Months
maintenance low maintenance high natural total
16. Results-Zone 3: Narora–Farrukhabad Maintenance Flows
Site EF3 –Kachla Bridge
14000
The E-Flows requirements
were calculated as 45% of 12000
45% MAR
MAR. The figure also
Flow Volume, MCM
10000
presents the Naturalized
Flows as well as simulated 8000
present day flows.
6000
The present day flows fulfill 4000
E-Flows requirements for
August but are lower in all 2000
the other months and are
critical especially in the 0
summer months (Feb-May) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Months
maintenance low maintenance high natural total Present
17. Results - Zone 4: Kanauj- Kanpur Maintenance Flows
Site EF4 – Bithur
18000
The E-Flows 16000
47% MAR
requirements were 14000
calculated as 47% of
Flow Volume, MCM
12000
MAR. The figure also
presents the Naturalized 10000
Flows as well as 8000
simulated present day 6000
flows.
4000
2000
The present day flows
are lower than the E- 0
Flows requirements for 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
all twelve months.
Months
maintenance low maintenance high natural total Present
18. Outcome and lessons learnt
• Conditions and motivations to improve flows have
been defined through this process
• Team of specialists to carry out further work is in place
• Identified areas where further information is required
to increase the level of confidence
• This is an adaptive process, in which the management
of the river can be constantly improved by monitoring
and refinement of the initial flow assessment
18
19. Further Information Requirements
• Access to the extensive long-term observed
hydrological data would increase the confidence
• Further calibration and verification of the existing
rated cross-sections, and the establishment of
additional cross-sections
• Relationships between indicator fish, invertebrates
etc. and flow would allow more precise
recommendations
19
20. Current activities
• Summary Report on Assessment of E-Flows in Upper
Ganga river stretch is recently published
• Coordinating E-Flows work as part of E-Flows Group of
the IIT‟s team (engaged in development of GRBMP)
• Preparation of Detailed Report on E-Flows Assessment
work under the Living Ganga Programme
21. Follow-up / Future activities
• Promote implementation in Ganga river basin
• Simulate basin-wide water allocation scenarios with inclusion of
environmental flows - under current and future climates
• Promote EFA in other river basins in India
21
23. Environmental Flow
“The flows pattern required for the
maintenance of ecological integrity of
rivers, their associated ecosystems and
the goods & services provided by them”