Water issues of Mumbai city from the perspective of the local municipal authority in charges of supply and distribution to the city. Challenges and solutions to meeting the increasing demand for water and dealing with distribution losses among other problems.
A study on best practices of Water Supply infrastructures in 3 Indian cities and 2 International cities- towards the partial fulfillment of credits for the course CB1- Infrastructure and Transport Planning at the School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi (November 2019)
DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES FOR SOLAPUR TOWN DEVELOPMENT, PROBLEMS & FUTUR...SHRINIVAS VADAGBALKAR
Attempts are made to take a total review of various water supply schemes implemented for Solapur citizens since last 125 years. Detail studies are carried out to give the management practices and plans for growing population in future.
Development and assessment of drinking water supply schemes for solapur townSHRINIVAS VADAGBALKAR
Attempts are made to take a total review of various water supply schemes implemented for Solapur citizens since last 125 years. Based on data the present status is discussed and accordingly suggestions are given for better management in future.
A study on best practices of Water Supply infrastructures in 3 Indian cities and 2 International cities- towards the partial fulfillment of credits for the course CB1- Infrastructure and Transport Planning at the School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi (November 2019)
DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES FOR SOLAPUR TOWN DEVELOPMENT, PROBLEMS & FUTUR...SHRINIVAS VADAGBALKAR
Attempts are made to take a total review of various water supply schemes implemented for Solapur citizens since last 125 years. Detail studies are carried out to give the management practices and plans for growing population in future.
Development and assessment of drinking water supply schemes for solapur townSHRINIVAS VADAGBALKAR
Attempts are made to take a total review of various water supply schemes implemented for Solapur citizens since last 125 years. Based on data the present status is discussed and accordingly suggestions are given for better management in future.
Sabarmati Riverfront Development ProjectFabiha Rahman
Sabarmati Riverfront:
An urban regeneration and environment improvement initiative
Transforming river from a geographical divider to a focal point for leisure and recreation
Recognized in the list of ‘100 Most Innovative Projects’
Riverfront Development & Haat Case StudyAMIT ANAND
Aim - “Conserve, Protect & Restore the Biodiversity of Yamuna integrated with Public Recreation spaces that the city needs as envisaged in the Zonal Development of Zone O”.
The importance of maintaining the ecological balance in tank cascade systemsDr. P.B.Dharmasena
Presentation made at the Short Course on Tanks Rehabilitation and Cascade Development organized by Centre for Environmental Studies, University of Peradeniya, 26-27-January, 2019, Sri Lanka
Rainwater harvesting is one of the surest ways of reducing our dependence on secondary sources of water like lakes or rivers. As there is a limted supply of water available to man, it is important that he learns to recycle and reuse water as well. This is where rainwater harvesting becomes important. The presentation that follows will allow a teacher to explain in simple terms what rainwater harvesting is, why it should be made popular, and how it is useful. Through this presentation children will also learn about some of the popular rainwater harvesting systems prevelant in the driest region of this country—Rajasthan, and surprisingly even the wettest—the Northeast. Why does a rain rich region like the Northeast need to harvest rainwater? Find out the answer to this and more through this PPT.
Master Plan Amritsar - 2031 (Accessibility in Peri-Urban areas)liquorstud
Presented in NOSPLAN - 2014 (Smavesh)
“City for All- Proposals and the experiences towards the right to the city”.
Charlotte Mathivete.
But the increasing variety of the urban–rural relationships in the peri- urban areas challenges the policy makers to deal with the complexity of providing access to these areas.
The city Amritsar engulfs the tourist influx worldwide into its magnetic field due to its religious and the historical importance. The proposals in the master plan include the heritage walk, industrial, educational hub etc. Therefore “Master Plan Amritsar - 2031” focusing on the theme accessibility in the peri-urban areas is activity oriented approach at the macro level of the areas in the urbanisable limit of the city Amritsar. The population of the peri urban area is 4.18 lakhs and covering the area of 51426 hectares. The proposed land use in the planning area is residential 43%, circulation 15%, commercial 5%, public-semi public 11%, industrial 11% and recreational 15%. The study has the approach covering accessibility from the major proposed nodes and along the roads in the planning area and the MC limits.
In the lieu of the above the accessibility is analyzed by taking the distance of the radius 5km, 10km and 15km from the center as per the guidelines of the G.O.I and further supported by the demarcation of the four zones along the within the major roads. The accessibility along the roads is identified taking into account the travel characteristic that is the real journey time taken by the commuters.The accessibility to the peri –urban areas is also related with the different aspects then taking account of the commercial centers the shopping areas are sufficient, college need to be proposed to fulfill the requirement, in the terms of the transportation the peri- urban is linked through the outer ring roads; due to the proposal of the sports complex the recreational facilities are also well accessed; but on the darker side the health facilities are least accessible to the peri-urban areas.
So analyzing the access to peri- urban area and concluding as a whole the proposals are located taking the parameters such as directional growth of the city, location of the major roads such as NH, existing activity nodes. Therefore the proposed commercial centers are located in Manawala, Verka and Bal Kalan; recreational centers along the ring road and the NH; educational facilities i.e. two colleges along the Batala road and the Ajnala road; hospitals along the NH and ring road.
This slide show depicts how rainwater harvesting has been accommodated in policy and legislation in India and specifically in the state of Karnataka. It gives example of projects in rural areas and in the city of Bangalore.
The ppt is about the condition of water bodies in Mumbai . This is the PPt i presented for the presentation competetion head by Godreg and WWF in March 2009 ,,and won me the 1st prize
Water crisis in many urban areas in India is result of mismangement and misuse said CSE's RK Sriniasan an expert on Urban water in a seminar organised by Chandigarh Chapter of Indian Media Centre on June 14, 2009
Sabarmati Riverfront Development ProjectFabiha Rahman
Sabarmati Riverfront:
An urban regeneration and environment improvement initiative
Transforming river from a geographical divider to a focal point for leisure and recreation
Recognized in the list of ‘100 Most Innovative Projects’
Riverfront Development & Haat Case StudyAMIT ANAND
Aim - “Conserve, Protect & Restore the Biodiversity of Yamuna integrated with Public Recreation spaces that the city needs as envisaged in the Zonal Development of Zone O”.
The importance of maintaining the ecological balance in tank cascade systemsDr. P.B.Dharmasena
Presentation made at the Short Course on Tanks Rehabilitation and Cascade Development organized by Centre for Environmental Studies, University of Peradeniya, 26-27-January, 2019, Sri Lanka
Rainwater harvesting is one of the surest ways of reducing our dependence on secondary sources of water like lakes or rivers. As there is a limted supply of water available to man, it is important that he learns to recycle and reuse water as well. This is where rainwater harvesting becomes important. The presentation that follows will allow a teacher to explain in simple terms what rainwater harvesting is, why it should be made popular, and how it is useful. Through this presentation children will also learn about some of the popular rainwater harvesting systems prevelant in the driest region of this country—Rajasthan, and surprisingly even the wettest—the Northeast. Why does a rain rich region like the Northeast need to harvest rainwater? Find out the answer to this and more through this PPT.
Master Plan Amritsar - 2031 (Accessibility in Peri-Urban areas)liquorstud
Presented in NOSPLAN - 2014 (Smavesh)
“City for All- Proposals and the experiences towards the right to the city”.
Charlotte Mathivete.
But the increasing variety of the urban–rural relationships in the peri- urban areas challenges the policy makers to deal with the complexity of providing access to these areas.
The city Amritsar engulfs the tourist influx worldwide into its magnetic field due to its religious and the historical importance. The proposals in the master plan include the heritage walk, industrial, educational hub etc. Therefore “Master Plan Amritsar - 2031” focusing on the theme accessibility in the peri-urban areas is activity oriented approach at the macro level of the areas in the urbanisable limit of the city Amritsar. The population of the peri urban area is 4.18 lakhs and covering the area of 51426 hectares. The proposed land use in the planning area is residential 43%, circulation 15%, commercial 5%, public-semi public 11%, industrial 11% and recreational 15%. The study has the approach covering accessibility from the major proposed nodes and along the roads in the planning area and the MC limits.
In the lieu of the above the accessibility is analyzed by taking the distance of the radius 5km, 10km and 15km from the center as per the guidelines of the G.O.I and further supported by the demarcation of the four zones along the within the major roads. The accessibility along the roads is identified taking into account the travel characteristic that is the real journey time taken by the commuters.The accessibility to the peri –urban areas is also related with the different aspects then taking account of the commercial centers the shopping areas are sufficient, college need to be proposed to fulfill the requirement, in the terms of the transportation the peri- urban is linked through the outer ring roads; due to the proposal of the sports complex the recreational facilities are also well accessed; but on the darker side the health facilities are least accessible to the peri-urban areas.
So analyzing the access to peri- urban area and concluding as a whole the proposals are located taking the parameters such as directional growth of the city, location of the major roads such as NH, existing activity nodes. Therefore the proposed commercial centers are located in Manawala, Verka and Bal Kalan; recreational centers along the ring road and the NH; educational facilities i.e. two colleges along the Batala road and the Ajnala road; hospitals along the NH and ring road.
This slide show depicts how rainwater harvesting has been accommodated in policy and legislation in India and specifically in the state of Karnataka. It gives example of projects in rural areas and in the city of Bangalore.
The ppt is about the condition of water bodies in Mumbai . This is the PPt i presented for the presentation competetion head by Godreg and WWF in March 2009 ,,and won me the 1st prize
Water crisis in many urban areas in India is result of mismangement and misuse said CSE's RK Sriniasan an expert on Urban water in a seminar organised by Chandigarh Chapter of Indian Media Centre on June 14, 2009
128 acres in which 24 tower, each having 22 stories, offering 1,2 & 3 BHK residential apartments at Ghatkopar Chembur Belt.
Rising City is having 75-acres of greenery
13 Zones with over 50 unique options for rejuvenating which covers 17 acres
The upcoming Ghatkopar Metro station has also been planned at a distance of about 8-10 minutes.
Regency Sarvam Project by Regency Group at Titwala EastBig Move
Regency Sarvam is a residential project of Regency Group in Titwala east. Sprawled across, 68 acres within pristine environment with a choice 1 and 2 BHK apartments. for more details call : +919619755368
This project is from a Spring 2012 course at USC focusing on understanding the relationship between policy and elements of the built environment. As a case study, I looked at how incorporating Mumbai, India's cricket stadiums into its water infrastructure plan.
Arghyam, a civil society organisation working on water issues since 2005, has participated in drinking water programmes involving State Governments since its inception, either directly or by partnering with local Civil Society Organisations (CSOs).
This publication documents Arghyam's and its partners' collective experiences in participating in these Government programmes and puts forward key learnings and challenges.
The various programmes include - Sachethana, a school rooftop rainwater harvesting programme, and Suvarnajala, a flouride mitigation programme, both in Karnataka; Pani Thiye Panjo, a decentralised drinking water management programme in Gujarat; and Mazhapolima, an open-well recharge programme in Kerala.
Overall, Arghyam's experiences point out to the need to gravitate towards developing partnerships based on mutual respect. This means that Government and Civil Society collaboration in the programmes should be officially recognised and formalised, so that suggestions and key inputs get attention and are acted upon.
Further, focus on software activities such as capacity building of water users and institutions and increased civil society participation in such programmes, rather than on hardware/assets, will have better impact on improving the quality of implementation and ensuring transparency and accountability.
Village types according to their structure –-Village forms With respect to Order/Cluster, Caste Hierarchy, Caste and Habitation area in a village – Social structure of a village community – Planning of a typical village house
Shri S.V. Ranganath (IAS Retd.), Board Member – CSTEP, delivered a talk at CSTEP on ‘Water and Future of Bengaluru’, as the first part of a series of lectures that he will be delivering on a range of governance-related issues, February 3, 2016.
Water conservation & management in rural Punjab_S.R. Aggarwal_Deptt. of Water...India Water Portal
How Punjab is planning to cover the villages with piped water supply and improved sanitation through World Bank funding and community-based behavioural changes. A presentation by Er. S.R. Aggarwal, Chief Technical Coordinator, Deptt. of Water Supply & Sanitation, Govt of Punjab, at an event on water conservation organised by PHD Chamber of Commerce on August 19, 2015.
Rainwater harvesting in a megacity presentation for BWSSBzenrain man
How a city strategy for water management can incorporate rainwater harvesting too.
Policies and bye-laws , demonstration , from the house to the city as an approach.
Mr. Anju Gaur IEWP @ Workshop on River Basin Management Planning and Governan...India-EU Water Partnership
Presentation by Mr. Gaur, Sr. Water Resources Management Specialist at World Bank during the Workshop on River Basin Management Planning and Governance
The presentation highlights the various initiatives of BWSSB in promoting RWH in Bangalore. These include rain barrels, recharging an open well and other initiations.
The aquifer system covers about 1400 to 1800 sq.km.
In general, the aquifers consist of the upper water table aquifer up to 30 m depth and the lower artesian aquifer of more than 500 m thickness, separated by semi-confining layer with thickness of up to 45 m.
Continuous water supply system against existing Intermittent Supply systemijsrd.com
The declining availability of water supplies is one of the most important environmental issues facing various countries at the present time. Climate change, affluence and population growth have resulted in vast requirements of water for use in domestic, industrial and agricultural settings. Water has remained the most severe issue confronting the Urban Local Bodies (ULB), whether they are located in water abundant or water starved region. Most of the issues are related to improper operation of the system. The present water supply practice followed by Local Bodies for various towns and cities undertaking reduced supply hours is not only non-confirming to designed hydraulic parameters, but also the system is severely afflicted by adverse hydraulics leading to many of the prevailing critical issues which engages the Local Authorities in an evitable vicious circle. Serious efforts with utmost concentration ought to be the top-most priority of the Local Authority to emerge out of the severe critical water issue. Using data from the local government body, the paper presents the status of existing water supply network condition, and comparing it with continuous water supply system of selected DMA of Bhavnagar town in Gujarat (India).
Similar to Water Woes of Mumbai City by Mr.P.K.Charankar (20)
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Summary of the Climate and Energy Policy of Australia
Water Woes of Mumbai City by Mr.P.K.Charankar
1. Water Woes of Mumbai
P.K. Charankar
Consulting Engineer
Retired Deputy Municipal Commissioner
(Special Engineering)
Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai
2. 2
Existing Water Supply Sources
Sr.
No.
Name of the Source Year of
Completion
Qty of Water
Supply (MLD)
Total Qty of Water
Supply
(MLD)(Cumulative)
1 Vihar Lake 1860 110 110
2 Tulsi Lake 1879 18 128
3 Tansa Lake 1892 to 1925 485 613
4 Modak sagar & Upper
Vaitarna
1957 1142 1755
6 Bhatsa (3 SCHEMES
TOGETHER)
1974 to 2007 1700 3455
Middle Vaitrna 2014 455 3910
Inclusive of 120MLD En-Route Supply
3. 3
Water Supply: 3900 Mld
Major Water Treatment Plants:
Bhandup: Rated capacity 1910 Mld, working
at 2100 Mld + 990 Newly added in 2014
Panjarapur: Rated capacity 1365 Mld, working
at 1365 Mld
Vehar + Tulsi : Rated capacity 90 Mld
Master Balancing Reservoirs : 2 (Yewai & Bhandup)
Service Reservoirs : 26
Length of water mains : 4000 Kms
No. of Distribution Zones : 109
No. of Leak-detection Zones : 615
No. of daily operated valves : 800
Mumbai Water Supply Scenario
4. 4
Sources of Water Supply For Mumbai
MIDDLE
VAITARNA
GARGAI
UPPER
VAITARNA
LOWER
VAITARNA
PINJAL
BHATSATANSA
5. Bhatsa release
Pise Pumping
1315 Mld to City
2435 Mld to City
670 Mld
2315 Mld
430 Mld
1765 Mld
VaiternaTansa
2020 Mld
Overview of Water Supply to
Mumbai
En route
120 Mld
Other sources
120 Mld
Raw water
Treated water
Net Flow to City: 3750 Mld
6. 6
Length of water mains : 4000 Kms
No. of Distribution Zones : 109
No. of Leak-detection Zones : 615
No. of daily operated valves : 800
Population : 13.3 millions
Mumbai Water Supply Scenario
Reservoirs
Distribution Mains
Service Mains
Consumer Connections
Source
7. Demand Supply Scenario
2001 2011 2021
12.2 m
14.4m
16.7m
Source: Dr. Chitale Committee Report
2902
3033
4392
3798
3813
4243
Demand in Mld
Supply in Mld
Present Supply 3900 Mld
8. Simple Arithmetic
Total Supply = 3900 Mld
Estimated UFW = 30%
Net Available = 2730 Mld
Estimated Population = 20 Millions
Net availability/person = 136 litres/head/day
It is less than international standards but
Mumbai is not a water stressed area
10. 10
Challenges of Mumbai’s Water Supply
Issues pertaining to Quantity of Water
• Growing demand and problem of inequitable distribution owing to sub-
optimal pressure regulation.
Issues pertaining to Quality of Water
• Contamination due to aging network and intermittent supply, peaking
during monsoon
Issues pertaining to hours of supply
• Intermittent supply. Average duration of supply: 2-4 hrs.
Issues pertaining to “unaccounted for water”
• Physical as well as revenue losses amounting to 20-25%
Issues pertaining to Cost of Operations and tariff
structure
• Need to cover growing operational costs and generate surplus for
investments in water supply infrastructure through efficiency
enhancement measures and timely and periodic revision of user
charges
11. 11
Action Plan For Improvement in
Water Sector
Source Augmentation
Better Supply-side
Management
Better Demand-side
Management
13. 13
Long Term Plan For Source Augmentation
In the year 1993, the Govt. of Maharashtra appointed an expert committee under the
chairmanship of Dr M A Chitale (Ex-Secretary, Irrigation Dept) for advice on the long term
planning for augmentation of water supply to Mumbai. The committee recommended
development of following sources in phases
The GoM has accepted the Dr. Chitale Committee recommendations and has
approved allotment of these sources. The MCGM has therefore taken up the Middle
Vaitarna Project as an immediate additional source of water supply. The same was
completed in 2012. It is expected that the supply will be available from October
2014.
Simultaneously feasibility of Gargai and Pinjal Projects is currently being studied
Sr. Source Basin Yield
No. [MLD]
1 Middle Vaitarna Vaitarna 455
2 Gargai Vaitarna 455
3 Pinjal Vaitarna 865
4 Kalu Ulhas 590
14. IV MUMBAI (MIDDLE VAITERNA) WATER
SUPPLY PROJECT
Completed in 2012
Tunnel for Conveyance completed in 2014
Water Availability 455 Mld
15. Challenges in Source Augmentation
All new sources are situated in
Environmentally sensitive areas. For
Example: Gargai is located in Wildlife
Sanctuary
Forest land will have to deforested.
Land acquisition of revenue land is costly.
Rehabilitation of Project Affected People is a
great challenge for executing agency
17. Challenges on Supply Side
Management
Leakages in transmission and distribution
network
Contamination
Unequitable distribution
Reduction in NRW -Physical leakage
-Thefts
- Incorrect metering
18. 18
Supply Side initiatives: Distribution
Network
Comprehensive Water Supply Distribution Improvement Programme
1. Division of the entire city into various District Metering Areas (DMAs)
2. Hydraulic study of DMAs, each comprising about 1000 connections.
3.100% Consumer metering, Bulk metering and District Metering set-up.
4. Water balance and estimation of NRW/UFW in each DMA
• Leakage detection, Repairs / Rehabilitation / Replacement plan
• Water balance of each DMA
• Install pressure regulating devices for equitable distribution
• Digital mapping of the utility on GIS compatible base maps.
• Hydraulic modeling of the entire network.
• Introduce / upgrade ‘SCADA’, the distribution management tool.
19. Approach
Universal Metering Policy Matter. It has been
accepted in principle and is
being implemented
Telescopic Tariff Structure
for Water Consumption
Policy Matter. It has been
implemented for certain
categories
Water Distribution Network
Up gradation
Hiring Consultancy Services and
Implementation of
Suggestions under their
supervision:
A Result Oriented Consultancy
Agreement
Reduction in UFW/NRW
& 24 X 7 Water Supply
20. Updating of water network maps with
universal reference points.
Present Status: Some part of the network has
been digitalized. Newly laid pipelines have
not been integrated in the digitalised version.
OBJECTIVE 1
21. OBJECTIVE 2
Estimation and Reduction of UFW for the entire city
network.
I-Phase –
a) Providing Bulk Measuring Meters on various zones.
b) Estimation of UFW under intermittent water
supply conditions by actual measurement of flows .
c) Reduction in UFW upto target level of 10% under
existing conditions of intermittent water supply by
implementing the suggestions
II-Phase –
Reduction in UFW up to target level as per minimum
night flow on 24 hour basis.
22. Zone-wise hydraulic analysis of primary,
secondary and tertiary water supply
network.
Water balance in each zone
OBJECTIVE 3
23. 24 x 7 Water Supply for entire city
(with available water supply which could be of
the order of 3500 Mld for a population of about
15 millions and NRW limited to 15-18%, it is
expected that the situation is conducive for 24
X 7 water supply.
The terrain, variation in population density are
the challenges in supplying water on 24 X 7)
OBJECTIVE 4
24. Replacement of Old Water Mains by
Underground Tunnels
Towards Better Supply-side
Management
26. PRESENT STATUS
There are 11 outlets of Malbar
Hill Reservoir varying in
diameter from 450 mm to 1200
mm, passing through
Chaupati Beach & further
along the Netaji
Subhashchandra Bose Road.
Most of these mains are
nearly 50 years old.
The rehabilitation of these
outlets lines is very difficult
because of social and
physical cost impacts.
Therefore, 8 out of 11 outlets
are replaced by tunnel
33. Towards Better Demand-side
New housing projects
with 135 lpcd
Recycling of Grey
water
Telescopic water tariff
to encourage the
people to conserve
water
Equitable Water
Distribution
34. Technological Challenges
Replacement &
rehabilitation of old water
mains in confined space
Reliable and robust water
leak detection
equipments/systems
Reliable and robust water
meters
Management consultancy
in reduction in NRW in
such a complex situation
Utility mapping for old
pipelines
35. Quality Aspects
1. Protection of Water Sources
2. Treatment Facilities and adequacy
3. Possibility of Contamination of water
supply through water distribution
network.
36. General Characteristics of Raw Water
Turbidity: From lake sources-Max 20 NTU
From river source- Max. 50 NTU
pH 6.8 to 7.5
SS Max. 20 mg/lit
TDS Max 75 mg/lit
No hardness
No presence of any toxic material
40. Quality Assurance at Treatment
Plants
1. The entire water supply is treated at two major water
treatment plants: Bhandup and Panjarapur
2. The treatment consists of conventional treatment
units such as pre chlorination, Settling, filtration, post
chlorination. This treatment is adequate as all the
sources are away from inhabitation and well
protected.
3. There are full scale laboratories with trained staff and
state of art laboratory equipment
4. for quality control of water
5. The quality is fully ensured (as per IS as well as WHO
Standards) while the water leaves treatment plants.
43. Water Woes Summary
Intermittent Water Supply: Leading to ingress of water from
outside into water mains during non supply hours.
Sufficient water but unequal distribution leading to wrong
impression about availability.
Complicated procedure for new water connections
Low pressures in distribution system
Old pipelines which are heavily corroded
Hidden population: Census 2011 data shows declining
population of Mumbai- Creating problems for planning.