This document outlines the guiding principles for river health assessment. It discusses identifying objectives, why monitoring is important, tools to quantify river health like macroinvertebrates and fish, conceptual models, river classification, testing indicators, and selecting benchmarks. The key steps are to identify objectives, suitable indicators, conceptual models, river types, refine sampling, select benchmarks, report, and implement management actions. Healthy rivers provide ecosystem services like drinking water and biodiversity. Monitoring helps protect important environmental values from threats like pollution and habitat loss.
The document outlines Catherine Leigh's presentation on river health indicators and assessment. It discusses developing a monitoring program by identifying potential indicators, field testing their sensitivity to disturbance, and including responsive indicators in a scorecard. Commonly used indicators include water quality, biological communities, and ecosystem processes. Biological indicators show structural and functional responses to disturbance and integrate impacts over time and stressors. Invertebrates and fish are described as common biological indicators, with advantages and limitations of each discussed.
This document discusses factors to consider when designing a river health assessment sampling program. It notes that the number of sites, sampling frequency, site locations, and sampling methods depend on the budget, objectives, variability in conditions, and reporting scale. A statistically-valid, randomized approach is best but more expensive. Standardized protocols should be followed at each site.
1) The document discusses river flow health in China using existing monthly flow volume data from Chinese rivers.
2) Graphs show flow volumes at different locations on the Yellow River have fluctuated over time, with decreases observed after the construction of major dams.
3) The document proposes an index to assess the degree to which actual river flows meet expected environmental flow needs, with scores based on measured flows compared to recommended flows.
Australia is developing a national river health monitoring framework to standardize assessments across states. Trials of the Framework for Assessment of River and Wetland Health (FARWH) took place from 2005-2011. FARWH uses six indices - hydrology, physical form, catchment disturbance, fringing zone, aquatic biota, and water quality - to assess condition on a scale of 0 to 1. The trials found this approach was achievable but more work is needed to define reference conditions. A two-tiered assessment approach was proposed using broadscale desktop assessments followed by targeted field assessments. Five options were presented for national reporting ranging from the current jurisdictional approach to national reporting every 5 years with both broadscale and detailed field assessments
This document summarizes the key steps and findings of a river health assessment conducted in South East Queensland, Australia. The assessment aimed to develop a common vision for the long-term management of the region's waterways. Key steps included identifying objectives, indicators of ecosystem health, conceptual models linking drivers to impacts, river classification, testing indicators, and selecting benchmarks. The final program implemented 5 indicators and 16 indices to monitor 120 freshwater sites twice yearly and support management actions to address threats to ecosystem health.
The document discusses the importance of monitoring river health by selecting meaningful indicators. Key points include:
- River health depends on human values and can be assessed similarly to human health.
- Rivers face threats from pollution, loss of floodplains, and dams that block flows.
- Monitoring is important to protect environmental assets like biodiversity and drinking water.
- Effective monitoring requires clear objectives, indicators linked to threats, conceptual models, river classification, and reporting to guide management actions.
This document discusses additional considerations for river health assessment, including quality assurance, site selection, pressure indicators, classification, and refinement over time. Quality assurance requires scientific basis, quality control, data interpretation, and evaluation of results. Site selection is important and best done randomly or stratified randomly. Pressure indicators can predict health and identify high risk areas. Classification accounts for natural variation and aids in indicator selection. River assessments evolve over many years through refinement.
The document outlines Catherine Leigh's presentation on river health indicators and assessment. It discusses developing a monitoring program by identifying potential indicators, field testing their sensitivity to disturbance, and including responsive indicators in a scorecard. Commonly used indicators include water quality, biological communities, and ecosystem processes. Biological indicators show structural and functional responses to disturbance and integrate impacts over time and stressors. Invertebrates and fish are described as common biological indicators, with advantages and limitations of each discussed.
This document discusses factors to consider when designing a river health assessment sampling program. It notes that the number of sites, sampling frequency, site locations, and sampling methods depend on the budget, objectives, variability in conditions, and reporting scale. A statistically-valid, randomized approach is best but more expensive. Standardized protocols should be followed at each site.
1) The document discusses river flow health in China using existing monthly flow volume data from Chinese rivers.
2) Graphs show flow volumes at different locations on the Yellow River have fluctuated over time, with decreases observed after the construction of major dams.
3) The document proposes an index to assess the degree to which actual river flows meet expected environmental flow needs, with scores based on measured flows compared to recommended flows.
Australia is developing a national river health monitoring framework to standardize assessments across states. Trials of the Framework for Assessment of River and Wetland Health (FARWH) took place from 2005-2011. FARWH uses six indices - hydrology, physical form, catchment disturbance, fringing zone, aquatic biota, and water quality - to assess condition on a scale of 0 to 1. The trials found this approach was achievable but more work is needed to define reference conditions. A two-tiered assessment approach was proposed using broadscale desktop assessments followed by targeted field assessments. Five options were presented for national reporting ranging from the current jurisdictional approach to national reporting every 5 years with both broadscale and detailed field assessments
This document summarizes the key steps and findings of a river health assessment conducted in South East Queensland, Australia. The assessment aimed to develop a common vision for the long-term management of the region's waterways. Key steps included identifying objectives, indicators of ecosystem health, conceptual models linking drivers to impacts, river classification, testing indicators, and selecting benchmarks. The final program implemented 5 indicators and 16 indices to monitor 120 freshwater sites twice yearly and support management actions to address threats to ecosystem health.
The document discusses the importance of monitoring river health by selecting meaningful indicators. Key points include:
- River health depends on human values and can be assessed similarly to human health.
- Rivers face threats from pollution, loss of floodplains, and dams that block flows.
- Monitoring is important to protect environmental assets like biodiversity and drinking water.
- Effective monitoring requires clear objectives, indicators linked to threats, conceptual models, river classification, and reporting to guide management actions.
This document discusses additional considerations for river health assessment, including quality assurance, site selection, pressure indicators, classification, and refinement over time. Quality assurance requires scientific basis, quality control, data interpretation, and evaluation of results. Site selection is important and best done randomly or stratified randomly. Pressure indicators can predict health and identify high risk areas. Classification accounts for natural variation and aids in indicator selection. River assessments evolve over many years through refinement.
The document introduces the Framework for the Assessment of River and Wetland Health (FARWH), which provides guidelines for assessing and reporting on the health of rivers and wetlands nationally. It is an overarching framework that allows for comparison of assessments within and across jurisdictions, without replacing existing monitoring programs. FARWH assesses six elements of river and wetland health and uses existing data, providing standardized methodologies for national comparability. Trials of FARWH help validate the model, develop indicators, estimate costs, and provide opportunities for scientific and policy input across states.
The document presents a logical framework matrix (LFM) for a research project aiming to develop appropriate remediation methods for contaminated sites in Egypt. The goal is to clean groundwater contaminants through stochastic analysis, determining contaminant distributions, and developing remediation methods. Project objectives are to predict contaminant migration and distributions in soil/water, and contaminant absorption. Outputs include contaminant transport models, distribution predictions, and remediation methods. Activities involve data collection, soil/water sampling, laboratory analysis, model verification, and field simulations. Performance will be measured by experimental validation and model comparisons. Risks include potential delays in data collection from government offices.
Web-enabling State Wildlife Action Plans (SWAPs) requires establishing common business processes, standard terminology, adaptive management software, and databases across conservation projects and programs. Key lessons include starting with underlying business processes, defining project and program scales, investing in shared structures, and using technology to both collect and communicate conservation work. Measuring and reporting on effectiveness is important to justify priorities, leverage learning, and adapt at both project and program levels.
Presentation made by Wouter Lincklaen Arriens, Eelco van Beek, Oscar Cordeiro and Zaki Shubber,,Members of GWP Technical Committee, GWP Regional Days Meeting, August 22-24, 2012, Stockholm, Sweden
This document discusses quality by design (QbD) principles and their application to pharmaceutical development and manufacturing. It outlines key QbD concepts like design space, risk assessment, control strategies and process analytical technology. It emphasizes developing a sufficient understanding of processes to describe relationships between critical quality attributes and process parameters. The goal is to establish a design space and control strategy to reliably achieve quality and performance over a product's lifecycle.
The document discusses the development of an Ecosystem Health Monitoring Program (EHMP) for streams and rivers in southeast Queensland, Australia. It outlines the process used to design a cost-effective monitoring program, including developing conceptual models, classifying waterways, pilot testing indicators, and a major field trial to evaluate the response of indicators to disturbance gradients. Key indicators were selected for the EHMP based on their ability to detect various types of disturbance and their association with catchment characteristics.
The document describes an integrated lesson on aquaculture regulations for high school students. Students can take on the role of an investigator or EPA agent analyzing regulatory compliance on a fish farm. The lesson addresses standards in biology, language arts, algebra, American government, and aquaculture foundations. Students research regulations, analyze a farm for non-compliance issues, write a report on their findings, and present to industry mentors. The lesson aims to teach students how regulations protect public safety and the environment within the aquaculture industry.
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Design of an Aesthetics Monitoring Program for the GBRMattCurnock
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Jesse Poore presented logic and background information that supports integration of stream bioassessments into MS4 evaluation and assessment procedures.
The document describes an integrated project for an environmental science academy involving multiple subjects. Students will take on the role of either a court investigator or EPA agent investigating regulatory compliance issues at fish farms. They will research aquaculture regulations and apply them to an investigative report analyzing compliance or noncompliance. The project addresses standards in biology, language arts, algebra, aquaculture foundations, and government while engaging students through an authentic scenario.
Considerations for AAS CRP Impact Evaluation - Workshop on Strengthening Imp...WorldFish
1) The document discusses various evaluation strategies and designs that can be used to evaluate natural resource management programs and projects, including the performance logic chain evaluation, impact evaluation, rapid appraisals, and case studies.
2) It then focuses on outlining considerations for evaluating the impact of the CGIAR Research Program on Aquatic Agricultural Systems, including defining intermediate development outcomes and hub-level challenges in different geographic locations.
3) Finally, it discusses using a variety of evaluation designs, such as experimental, statistical, theory-based, case-based, and participatory approaches, to answer different types of evaluation questions for the program.
1) The NGO Food Assistance Germany relocated its warehouse from Rheinbach to Berlin to improve disaster response logistics.
2) The Berlin warehouse location reduces total response time to 6 hours, is closer to an international airport and major shipping port, and requires less international border crossings when responding to disasters.
3) With the new location, the NGO can now plan and begin response operations within 24 hours of a disaster being reported compared to previously requiring over 25 hours of travel time.
This document discusses setting objectives for water quality monitoring programs. It emphasizes that objectives must be clearly defined to guide the monitoring program. The monitoring team should first identify the issues to be addressed, compile available information, and develop a conceptual model of the system. This conceptual model illustrates the key components, processes, and relationships to help define appropriate objectives. Objectives could include measuring ambient water quality, assessing compliance with guidelines, investigating causes of non-compliance, characterizing biological communities, or evaluating management strategies. Developing testable hypotheses based on the conceptual model can also help frame the objectives. Defining clear and specific objectives is necessary for effective monitoring program design.
The document discusses water safety plans (WSPs). A WSP comprises three essential actions: 1) a system assessment, 2) effective operational monitoring, and 3) management. The goal is to ensure drinking water is safe through minimizing contamination, reducing or removing contamination through treatment, and preventing contamination during storage, distribution and handling. Key steps in developing a WSP include forming a team to understand the water system, assessing risks and hazards, identifying control measures, monitoring controls, taking corrective actions, and verifying water quality.
The document outlines the key components of a framework for ensuring safe drinking water:
1) Health-based targets to evaluate health concerns and reduce risks
2) System assessment to determine if the water supply can meet health targets
3) Operational monitoring of control measures to maintain water safety
4) Management plans documenting the system and actions to take under normal and incident conditions
5) Independent surveillance to verify proper operations
Tengs Et Al Cost Effectiveness Of 500 Life Saving Interventionsguestc704d9
This document analyzes the cost-effectiveness of over 500 life-saving interventions in the United States. The researchers gathered cost-effectiveness data from existing economic analyses. They found that the median cost per life-year saved was $42,000, but there was enormous variation, ranging from interventions that save more money than they cost to those costing over $10 billion per life-year saved. Medical interventions had a median cost of $19,000/life-year while environmental toxin controls had a median of $2.8 million/life-year. Cost-effectiveness also varied by the sector and prevention stage of the intervention. The researchers provided cost-effectiveness ratios for over 500 interventions in appendix tables.
Tengs Et Al Cost Effectiveness Of 500 Life Saving Interventionsmyatom
This document analyzes the cost-effectiveness of over 500 life-saving interventions in the United States. The researchers gathered cost-effectiveness data from existing economic analyses. They found that the median cost per life-year saved was $42,000, but there was enormous variation, ranging from interventions that save more money than they cost to those costing over $10 billion per life-year saved. Medical interventions had a median cost of $19,000/life-year while environmental toxin controls had a median of $2.8 million/life-year. Cost-effectiveness also varied by the sector and prevention stage of the intervention. The researchers provided cost-effectiveness ratios for over 500 interventions in appendix tables.
This document discusses animal welfare assessment methods for cattle. It describes how assessment methods aim to evaluate the impact of farming conditions on an animal's physical and mental state using measurable indicators. Common indicators include lameness, disease prevalence, and behavior. The document also examines challenges in developing standardized yet practical assessment methods and selecting the most important welfare indicators to include. Overall, it analyzes efforts to identify risk factors and improve welfare assessment through methods like the Welfare Quality Protocol.
The International WaterCentre (IWC) Master of Integrated Water Management program is designed to equip future water leaders with the knowledge and skills they need to create innovative, ‘whole-of-water-cycle’ solutions to local and global water challenges. The degree is co-badged and co-taught by IWC's four founding member universities: The University of Queensland, Griffith University, Monash University and The University of Western Australia.
This document summarizes key issues and lessons from water resources planning and governance in highly contested river basins:
1. In heavily used river basins, it is no longer possible to allocate water to meet all demands. Water resources planning must shift to view water as integrated into the economy, not separate from it.
2. Social and cultural values must be understood and incorporated into the planning process, as people's values matter greatly in contested basins.
3. Environmental protection arguments require strong evidence when water development offers clear social and economic benefits, especially in developing countries. Good science and monitoring are needed.
4. Challenges of water, food, and energy security are intricately linked and must
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UiPath integration with generative AI
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4 river health assessment guiding principles
1. River health assessment: 河流健康评估 :
Guiding principles 指导准则
Prof Stuart Bunn 斯图亚特 · 巴恩 教授
Director, Australian Rivers Institute 澳大利亚河流学会 会长
Griffith University 格里菲斯大学
2. Identify the objectives of the program
确定项目目标
Why monitor? 需要监测的原因 ?
• To ensure that important environmental ‘assets’ and
‘values’ are protected
保证重要的环境“资产”及“价值”得到保护
- Ecosystem goods and services
生态系统的产品和服务
Clean, fresh drinking water is an
example of an ecosystem service that
healthy rivers provide … (for free)
洁净、新鲜的饮用水是是健康河流“
免费”提供的生态产品的一个例证
3. Other examples of ‘assets’ 其它例证
Recreation
娱乐
Fishing - protein 捕鱼 - 蛋白 Freshwater biodiversity
质
淡水生物多样性
Aesthetics 美的享
受
4. Outline 概
Important steps 项目发展的重要步骤
1 Identify the objectives of of the program确定项目目标
Identify the objectives the program 确定项目目标
2 Identify suitable measures (indicators) of drivers, stressors and response
确认合适的驱使因素,压力源和反应的指标
3 Develop conceptual models linking range of drivers to potential impacts
联系驱使因素和潜在影响开发概念模型
4 River Classification to identify homogenous ‘river types’
河流分类从而确认相同的河流类型
5 Trial sampling program and refinement of indicators 采样试验,完善指
标
6 Selection of suitable benchmarks for ecological indicators
选取合适的生态指标的基准
7 Reporting & Communication 报告和交流
8 Implement management actions to address priority areas/threats
执行管理行动,明确地区 / 威胁的优先顺序
5. Identify the objectives of the program
确定项目目标
Important to set clear goals and objectives and be able to present a
vision for the future: 设置明确目标及对未来愿景的阐述非常重要
For example, your vision might simply be “Healthy River”
例如,你的愿景可能非常简单:“健康的河流”
What would a healthy river look like? 健康的河流应该是怎样的 ?
•Is it safe to drink? 河水是否可以安全饮用 ?
•Will it have more fish? 是否拥有更多的鱼类 ?
•Will it be safe to eat the fish? 河流中的鱼类是否可以安全食用?
With a clear vision, it is possible to identify the values that reflect that
vision, and the water quality and ecosystem health objectives that
protect those values.
有了清晰的愿景我们才能够确定反映该愿景的价值,才能确定保护这些
价值的水质及环境系统健康的指标
6. Important steps 项目发展的重要步骤
1 Identify the objectives of the program 确定项目目标
2 Identify suitable measures (indicators) of drivers, stressors and
response 确认合适的驱使因素,压力源和反应的指标
3 Develop conceptual models linking range of drivers to potential impacts
联系驱使因素和潜在影响开发概念模型
4 River Classification to identify homogenous ‘river types’
河流分类从而确认相同的河流类型
5 Trial sampling program and refinement of indicators 采样试验,完善指
标
6 Selection of suitable benchmarks for ecological indicators
选取合适的生态指标的基准
7 Reporting & Communication 报告和交流
8 Implement management actions to address priority areas/threats
执行管理行动,明确地区 / 威胁的优先顺序
7. Tools to quantify river health?
定量河流健康的方法
Traditional water chemistry 传统的水中化学元素含量检测
• recognized not adequate on its own 不足以准确测量,需要其他数据
Three components of river health: 河流健康的三个要素
• ecosystem vigour 系统活力 (e.g. rate of processes such as primary
production)
• organisation 种群结构 (refers to diversity and structure of biological
communities)
• Resilience 系统自我修复能力 (refers to a system’s capacity to recover
after disturbance,
Widespread use of biota
(Rapport et al. 1998)
被广泛应用的生物群测量方法
9. Invertebrates as Indicators 无脊椎动物
Why use invertebrates? 为什么选择无脊椎动物做为河
流健康评估指标
– Ubiquitous 分布广
• occur in most habitats across a diverse range of aquatic systems 在
不同的水生生态系统中广泛分布
– Many species and families 大量的种类和种群
• spectrum of responses to environmental stresses 许多种类对环境变
化反应敏感
– Sedentary 稳定
• effective spatial analyses of pollutants or disturbance effects 稳定不
迁徙,有效的在空间上分析污染及干扰的程度
– Longevity 持续时间长
• evaluation of temporal changes 测试短时间的变化
Act as continuous monitors of the water they inhabit
在其居住水域中可持续监测
11. Fish as Indicators 鱼类
Why use fish? 选择鱼类做为河流健康评估指标的原因
– Life history information often available 可知道其生长的年份
– Cover various trophic classes 涉及不同层次的食物链
– Acute toxicity & stress effects generally known 对河流毒性及压
力反应激烈
– Affected by large scale influences 为规模较大的变化影响
– Long lived 存活时间长
– Have social and cultural value 同时具有社会及文化价值
13. Selection of indicators 选择评估指标
Important to select a few indicators that are meaningful.
选择有意义的指标非常重要
•Ones that respond to things that threaten the values we
identify 这些指标可以直接响应我们确定的河流既定价值
•Guide management actions 为实施管理提供指导方针
Design of the monitoring program and selection of
indicators are very important.
监测项目的设计及评估指标的选择非常重要
14. Important steps 项目发展的重要步骤
1 Identify the objectives of the program 确定项目目标
2 Identify suitable measures (indicators) of drivers, stressors and response
确认合适的驱使因素,压力源和反应的指标
3 Develop conceptual models linking range of drivers to potential
impacts 联系驱使因素和潜在影响开发概念模型
4 River Classification to identify homogenous ‘river types’
河流分类从而确认相同的河流类型
5 Trial sampling program and refinement of indicators 采样试验,完善指
标
6 Selection of suitable benchmarks for ecological indicators
选取合适的生态指标的基准
7 Reporting & Communication 报告和交流
8 Implement management actions to address priority areas/threats
执行管理行动,明确地区 / 威胁的优先顺序
15. What factors influence important
environmental assets? Minimally Impacted Site 受影响较小的地域
影响重要环境资产的因素
• Show how healthy ecosystems function Nutrients GPP R24 Sediment
展示健康的生态系统如何运作
• Show how important assets are affected
by human disturbance 展示重要的环境 SEQRWQMS 2001
资产如何受人为活动影响 Highly Impacted Site 受影响较大的地域
• Indicate critical components in the
ecosystem to target for monitoring 显示
生态系统中必须检测的关键因素
N and P GPP R24
• Highlight appropriate management Sediment
actions for rehabilitation 着重强调如何
从利用管理手段复原健康生态系统
SEQRWQMS 2001
16. Identify threats to river ecosystems
確定對河流生態系統的威脅
Point and diffuse source pollution 污染排放源
17. Threats to river ecosystems
對河流生態系統的威脅
Loss of floodplains and wetlands
泛洪區及濕地流失
Dams and weirs – barriers, altered flows
水庫及其他改變原徑流形態的因素
18. Important steps 项目发展的重要步骤
1 Identify the objectives of the program 确定项目目标
2 Identify suitable measures (indicators) of drivers, stressors and response
确认合适的驱使因素,压力源和反应的指标
3 Develop conceptual models linking range of drivers to potential impacts
联系驱使因素和潜在影响开发概念模型
4 River Classification to identify homogenous ‘river types’
河流分类从而确认相同的河流类型
5 Trial sampling program and refinement of indicators 采样试验,完善指
标
6 Selection of suitable benchmarks for ecological indicators
选取合适的生态指标的基准
7 Reporting & Communication 报告和交流
8 Implement management actions to address priority areas/threats
执行管理行动,明确地区 / 威胁的优先顺序
20. Classification of SE Queensland streams 东
南昆士兰州河流类型分类
Based on 4 variables 基于以下 4
个条件分类
– rainfall 降雨
– altitude 海拔
– slope 坡度
– stream size 河流大小
4 groups 4 种河流类型
– Upland (red) 高地类(红)
– Lowland (blue) 低地类(蓝)
– South Coastal (green) 南部沿海
类(绿色)
– North Coastal (light blue) 背部沿
海类(浅蓝)
21. Important steps 项目发展的重要步骤
1 Identify the objectives of the program 确定项目目标
2 Identify suitable measures (indicators) of drivers, stressors and response
确认合适的驱使因素,压力源和反应的指标
3 Develop conceptual models linking range of drivers to potential impacts
联系驱使因素和潜在影响开发概念模型
4 River Classification to identify homogenous ‘river types’
河流分类从而确认相同的河流类型
5 Trial sampling program and refinement of indicators
采样试验,完善指标
6 Selection of suitable benchmarks for ecological indicators
选取合适的生态指标的基准
7 Reporting & Communication 报告和交流
8 Implement management actions to address priority areas/threats
执行管理行动,明确地区 / 威胁的优先顺序
22. Testing indicators 测试指标
Literature survey – examples from
previous studies 文献综述——文献
研究中的案例
Disturbance gradient approach to
detecting impacts
应用干扰变化方法发现影响
• Define a disturbance gradient
定义干扰变化
• Objective comparisons - at same sites & times
目标比较 - 在相同试点和时间
23. Testing indicators against a disturbance
gradient 测试指标与干扰变化
Ecological health indicator
生态健康参数指标
Reference values 参数值
Low 低 High 高
Disturbance gradient 干扰变化
24. Testing indicators against a disturbance
X
gradient 测试指标与干扰变化
Ecological health indicator
生态健康参数指标
Low 低 High 高
Disturbance gradient 干扰变化
25. Important steps 项目发展的重要步骤
1 Identify the objectives of the program 确定项目目标
2 Identify suitable measures (indicators) of drivers, stressors and response
确认合适的驱使因素,压力源和反应的指标
3 Develop conceptual models linking range of drivers to potential impacts
联系驱使因素和潜在影响开发概念模型
4 River Classification to identify homogenous ‘river types’
河流分类从而确认相同的河流类型
5 Trial sampling program and refinement of indicators 采样试验,完善指
标
6 Selection of suitable benchmarks for ecological indicators
选取合适的生态指标的基准
7 Reporting & Communication 报告和交流
8 Implement management actions to address priority areas/threats
执行管理行动,明确地区 / 威胁的优先顺序
26. Reference or benchmark for indicators
指标基准参考
What is ‘healthy’ and what is not?
何为“健康 ” 与“不健康 ”
X
27. Reference or benchmark for indicators
指标基准参考
Need to define a reference point for indicators
需要定义指标的参考点
– What should we expect at a site? 我们对试点应该期待些什么?
Logical reference point is: 逻辑参考点是:
– Expected condition if undisturbed by human activity (Biological
Integrity) 无人为影响的期待的条件(生物完整性)
In practice 实践中:
– Such sites will not exist for many stream types
该试点不广泛存在在很多河流类型
– Common as a concept, rare in practice
概念里比较普遍,但实践中很少
28. Alternatives 其它可能
• Minimally disturbed condition (MDC) 最低限度干扰情况
– Best approximation of RC(BI) 的最好近似值
– Most common form of reference 参考的最普遍形式
– Difficult to find enough sites (not enough for some parts of China)
很难找到足够试点(中国某些地方)
• Historical condition 历史条件
– At a point in history prior to major disturbance (long ago in China)
在未受到重大干扰的时间(很久之前)
• Least disturbed condition (LDC) 最少干扰的条件
– Best that can be found today (for some stream types, most disturbed)
如果能在现在找到最好(对某些河流类型,最受干扰的)
• Best attainable condition 最佳可实现的条件
– Expected condition if Best Management Practices were in use, for a given
use of the river/catchment 应用最佳管理方法的预期条件,对于某一给定的
河流
29. Important steps 项目发展的重要步骤
1 Identify the objectives of the program 确定项目目标
2 Identify suitable measures (indicators) of drivers, stressors and response
确认合适的驱使因素,压力源和反应的指标
3 Develop conceptual models linking range of drivers to potential impacts
联系驱使因素和潜在影响开发概念模型
4 River Classification to identify homogenous ‘river types’
河流分类从而确认相同的河流类型
5 Trial sampling program and refinement of indicators 采样试验,完善指
标
6 Selection of suitable benchmarks for ecological indicators
选取合适的生态指标的基准
7 Reporting & Communication 报告和交流
8 Implement management actions to address priority areas/threats
执行管理行动,明确地区 / 威胁的优先顺序
30. Report card – communication tool
评估报告卡 —— 沟通工具
Need to standardize scores
Other water Dissolved
quality metals for different indices
d
As
H
必须对不同的指标制定统一的
评估标准
C g
TSS pH
Cu Pb
N
Zn
i
Cond.
Tissue Ag
Sediment Combine indices into
metals metals
Cd
As
H
g
Cd
As
H
g indicator groups (average or
Cu Pb
minimum?)
整合评估指数与评估指标群
Cu Pb
N
Zn
i
(平均或者最小?)
Ni 4 Bio
TG
Zn
m
1: as
s
Ag
Ag TG
%TG1 Biomass
per Indiv.
%T
3
G2
%T
G
Biota
Weighting different indicators – according to
the goals of the program
根据评估目的权衡不同的评估指标
31. Example of Report card 其他报告卡样本
Strickland River, New Guinea. 斯特里克兰,新几内亚
32. Important steps 项目发展的重要步骤
1 Identify the objectives of the program 确定项目目标
2 Identify suitable measures (indicators) of drivers, stressors and response
确认合适的驱使因素,压力源和反应的指标
3 Develop conceptual models linking range of drivers to potential impacts
联系驱使因素和潜在影响开发概念模型
4 River Classification to identify homogenous ‘river types’
河流分类从而确认相同的河流类型
5 Trial sampling program and refinement of indicators 采样试验,完善指
标
6 Selection of suitable benchmarks for ecological indicators
选取合适的生态指标的基准
7 Reporting & Communication 报告和交流
8 Implement management actions to address priority areas/threats
执行管理行动,明确地区 / 威胁的优先顺序