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The Value of Measuring the Health of Our Rivers
The document discusses the importance of monitoring river health by selecting meaningful indicators. Key points include: - River health depends on human values and can be assessed similarly to human health. - Rivers face threats from pollution, loss of floodplains, and dams that block flows. - Monitoring is important to protect environmental assets like biodiversity and drinking water. - Effective monitoring requires clear objectives, indicators linked to threats, conceptual models, river classification, and reporting to guide management actions.
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The Value of Measuring the Health of Our Rivers
- 1. The value ofmeasuring the health of our rivers Prof Stuart Bunn 斯图亚特·巴恩 教授 Director, Australian Rivers Institute 澳大利亚河流学会 会长 Griffith University 格里菲斯大学
- 2. Outline 概述 What isriver ecosystem ‘health’? 什么是河流的’健康’? Threats to rivers – two perspectives: 河流面临的威胁主要来自两方面： • humans and nature • 人类与自然 Why monitor? 需要监测的原因 ? Guiding principles 指导准则
- 3. What is riverecosystem ‘health’? 什么是河流的’健康’? • Often describe rivers as being “healthy” – similar to describing people as being in good health • 经常形容河流“健康的” – 类似于形容人身体很健康
- 4. Analogies with humanhealth 与人体健康的类比 • or “unhealthy” 或者‘不健康的“ Depends on people’s values 取决于人们的价值观念
- 5. Threats to riverecosystems 河流生态系统面临的威胁 Point and diffuse source pollution 电源污染与面源污染
- 6. Threats to riverecosystems 河流生态系统面临的威胁 Loss of floodplains and wetlands 泛洪平原和湿 地的消失 Dams and weirs – barriers, altered flows水库大坝的修阻 隔了河流的流通建改变了河流的形态
- 7. Global threats toriver ecosystems 全球河流生态系统面临的威胁
- 8. Mapping global threats全球水资源威胁隐患图示 Adjusted threat to human water security 3.4 b people in developing countries live in areas with the highest adjusted threat category发展中 国家34亿人口处于高隐 患区 No similar investment for biodiversity protection
- 9. Trends in biodiversity:生物多样性趋势1970-2000 Population declines in freshwater are twice that of terrestrial and marine systems 淡水生物多样性的减少是陆地 和海洋生物多样性减少的两倍 • 10,000-20,000 freshwater species are extinct or imperiled 一万到两万种淡 水生物已经灭绝或濒临灭绝 • In intensively developed regions, more than one- Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005 third of the species in some freshwater taxa are threatened 在发展程度比 较高的地区，超过1/3的淡 水生物受到威胁
- 10. Freshwater biodiversity 淡水生物多样性 Mekong catfish “Goddess of the Yangtze” (Baiji ) Spiny crayfish Platypus BC Sturgeon Qld Lungfish Pig-nose turtle ~10% of all described animal species; ~40% of Aquatic invertebrates fish diversity and 30% vertebrate diversity
- 11. Why monitor? 需要监测的原因? • To ensure that important environmental ‘assets’ and ‘values’ are protected 保证重要的环境“资产”及“价值”得到保护 Ecosystem goods and services 生态系统的产品和服务 Clean, fresh drinking water is an example of an ecosystem service that healthy rivers provide … (for free) 洁净、新鲜的饮用水是是健康河流“免 费”提供的生态产品的一个例证
- 12. Other examples of‘assets’ 其它例证 Recreation 娱乐 Fishing - protein 捕鱼 - 蛋白质 Freshwater biodiversity 淡水生物多样性 Aesthetics 美的享受
- 13. Guiding principles 指导准则 1 Identify the objectives of the program 确定项目目标 2 Identify suitable measures (indicators) of drivers, stressors and response 确认合适的驱使因素，压力源和反应的指标 3 Develop conceptual models linking range of drivers to potential impacts 联系驱使因素和潜在影响开发概念模型 4 River Classification to identify homogenous ‘river types’ 河流分类从而确认相同的河流类型 5 Trial sampling program and refinement of indicators 采样试验，完善指标 6 Selection of suitable benchmarks for ecological indicators 选取合适的生态指标的基准 7 Reporting & Communication 报告和交流 8 Implement management actions to address priority areas/threats 执行管理行动，明确地区/威胁的优先顺序
- 14. Identify the objectivesof the program 确定项目目标 Important to set clear goals and objectives and be able to present a vision for the future: 设置明确目标及对未来愿景的阐述非常重要 For example, your vision might simply be “Healthy River” 例如，你的愿景可能非常简单：“健康的河流” What would a healthy river look like? 健康的河流应该是怎样的 ？ • Is it safe to drink? 河水是否可以安全饮用 ？ • Will it have more fish? 是否拥有更多的鱼类 ？ • Will it be safe to eat the fish? 河流中的鱼类是否可以安全食用？ With a clear vision, it is possible to identify the values that reflect that vision, and the water quality and ecosystem health objectives that protect those values. 有了清晰的愿景我们才能够确定反映该愿景的价值，才能确定保护这些 价值的水质及环境系统健康的指标
- 15. Selection of indicators选择评估指标 Important to select a few indicators that are meaningful. 选择有意义的指标非常重要 • Ones that respond to things that threaten the values we identify 这些指标可以直接响应我们确定的河流既定价值 • Guide management actions 为实施管理提供指导方针 Design of the monitoring program and selection of indicators are very important. 监测项目的设计及评估指标的选择非常重要
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- 17. River Classification 河流分类 Different types of rivers: 不同的河流将
- 18. Classifying rivers intodifferent types 将河流进行系统分类 It is important to recognise the differences in river types when developing a monitoring program because: 认识河流形态的不同对开展 监测项目而言尤为重要，其原因如下： • Different types of rivers (and other freshwaters) will not look and behave the same even when they are healthy. 即便在健康状态下， 不同类型的河流（及其他淡水水域）其外观及运行也有所不同； • The types of indicators that might be appropriate in one type of river may not be appropriate for another.某些适用于某个地区的评估指标 无法在其他地方适用； • The methods used to sample in one type may not be possible or relevant in another. 同样的，在某个地区采用的采样方法可能无法在 其他地方进行； • Even where the same indicator can be used in different river types, the thresholds or targets are likely to differ. 即便某些评估指标可使用 于不同形态的河流，其阈值的选取也将因地而异
- 19. Reference or benchmarkfor indicators 指标基准参考 What is ‘healthy’ and what is not? 何为“健康”与“不健康”
- 20. Report card –communication tool 评估报告卡——沟通工具 www.ehmp.org
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- 22. Why monitor? 需要监测的原因? Targeted management actions 目标管理行为 Sewage Treatment Plant upgrades 污水处理工厂升级改造 Riparian Rehabilitation 河岸生态系统恢复 Environmental flows for rivers 河流的环境流量
- 23. Summary 总结 Stream ecosystemhealth monitoring and reporting need to be developed in the context of an adaptive process 生态系统健康监控报告需要逐步的被适应并采纳 • clearly linked to identified values and objectives, 该系统 与被认可的价值与目标挂钩 • is informed by rigorous science, 已被科学数据严格论证 • guides management actions and 为实施管理提供指导方针 • is responsive to changing perceptions and values of stakeholders. 响应相关利益者 价值观的改变
- 24. Thankyou 谢谢 Science forrivers, coasts and catchments www.rivers.edu.au