This document discusses applying environmental flows in the Mekong region, highlighting opportunities and challenges. It summarizes two case studies - the Songkram River Basin in Thailand and the Huong River Basin in Vietnam. Key challenges identified include different conceptual foundations and approaches to environmental flows, engaging stakeholders, and integrating environmental flows into water resource decision making. The document emphasizes that environmental flows approaches need to be context specific and culturally embedded, and involve river dependent communities from the beginning.