Presented by Vladimir Smakhtin at the Ministry of Water Resources, New Delhi, India, November 4, 2014.
The flows of India’s rivers are increasingly being modified by dams and weirs and abstractions for agriculture and urban use. These interventions have caused significant alteration of flow regimes mainly by reducing total flow and affecting its variability and seasonality. An Environmental Flow (EF) is the water regime provided within a river, wetland or coastal zone to maintain ecosystems and their benefits. Environmental Flows describe the quantity, quality and timing of water flows required to sustain freshwater and estuarine ecosystems and the human livelihoods and well-being that depend on these ecosystems. This presentation looks at how the EF approach has been tested in India and describes a project to apply EF methodology to the upper Ganga.
he management of water resources has become a critical need in Bangladesh because of growing demand for water and increasing conflict over its alternative uses. As populations expand and make various uses of water, its growing scarcity becomes a serious issue in developing countries such as Bangladesh.
Levels in planning, Functional requirements of water resources projects, steps in
water resources planning, Environmental aspects in water resources planning.
he management of water resources has become a critical need in Bangladesh because of growing demand for water and increasing conflict over its alternative uses. As populations expand and make various uses of water, its growing scarcity becomes a serious issue in developing countries such as Bangladesh.
Levels in planning, Functional requirements of water resources projects, steps in
water resources planning, Environmental aspects in water resources planning.
Surface water monitoring that how we do and what are the most objectives, methodology and scope that are in this ppt and it is very important for monitor a surface water that are shown in it
Water Resource Management Powerpoint Presentation SlidesSlideTeam
Discuss the process of planning, developing, and managing the optimum use of water resources by using Water Resource Management PowerPoint Presentation Slides. This Water resource system PowerPoint slideshow can be used to explain the overview of market size, growth rate, and capital expenditure of the water industry. You can present the survey data for determining water quality by using the water cycle management PPT slideshow. Demonstrate the division of the wastewater treatment market by editing our content-ready water quality monitoring PowerPoint slide deck. You can easily edit our water resources presentation to highlight the natural processes and human processes that affect water quality. Showcase the leading factors that will affect the performance of the water technology market by using water quality assurance PowerPoint visuals. Key trends that will influence the water industry in the future such as increasing regulation, failing infrastructure, greater conservation, and efficiency, etc. can also be presented with the help of our ready-to-use water management PPT visuals. Discuss how you can design an effective water quality monitoring program by downloading our professionally designed water resource management PowerPoint slides. https://bit.ly/3fb5ExJ
A hand note on water resource management, specially in the context of Bangladesh. I prepared the note for the MS final exam on the course water resource management.
Sustainable Water Management Powerpoint Presentation SlidesSlideTeam
Introducing Sustainable Water Management PowerPoint Presentation Slides. This Water resource system PowerPoint slideshow can be used to explain the overview of market size, growth rate, and capital expenditure of the water industry. You can discuss the process of planning, developing, and managing the optimum use of water. The survey data for determining water quality can be easily presented by using a water cycle management PowerPoint slideshow. Demonstrate the division of the wastewater treatment market by editing our content-ready water quality monitoring PowerPoint slide deck. You can easily edit our water resources presentation to highlight the natural processes and human processes that affect water quality. Key trends that will influence the water industry in the future such as increasing regulation, failing infrastructure, greater conservation, and efficiency, etc. can also be presented with the help of our ready-to-use water management PPT visuals. It is possible to present the features that describe a suitable location for the monitoring program. It is easy to explain topics like wastewater treatment process, wastewater reuse, global wastewater reuse by sector, treated wastewater quality parameter, etc by downloading this sustainable water management PowerPoint slide deck. https://bit.ly/3tEV5qm
Water Quality Monitoring Management Powerpoint Presentation SlidesSlideTeam
Introducing Water Quality Monitoring Management PowerPoint Presentation Slides which will assist in developing, distributing, and managing the optimum use of water resources. By taking advantage of our readily available water testing PPT visuals, discuss the six main indicators of the water quality. This water resource management PPT slide deck can be used by the department of water for analyzing information about water quality and to underpin decisions about water resource management. You can provide an overview of water market size, growth rate, and capital expenditure by using our readily available water quality modeling PPT slideshow. Describe how you can monitor and assess the water quality in order to manage the water resources. You can also showcase the wastewater treatment according to various industry types by utilizing these water quality monitoring PowerPoint slides. Highlight the trends that can influence the water industry in the future. Also, showcase the factors that can affect the performance of the water technology market. Hence, download our ready-to-use assessing water quality PowerPoint presentation and ensure the optimum use of water resources. https://bit.ly/30tFhdE
Presented by Dr. Shailesh Nayak Key-note Address at Achieving Sustainable Development Goals and Strengthening Science of Climate Resilience, Multi-Stakeholders
most important topic for more clearance of water quality standards which covers latest Indian and WHO guidelines and provides a real scenario of water standards in India and the recent advances made for purification of water in India and worldwide. The presentation is little bit lengthy but deals with all required aspects in short.
Surface water monitoring that how we do and what are the most objectives, methodology and scope that are in this ppt and it is very important for monitor a surface water that are shown in it
Water Resource Management Powerpoint Presentation SlidesSlideTeam
Discuss the process of planning, developing, and managing the optimum use of water resources by using Water Resource Management PowerPoint Presentation Slides. This Water resource system PowerPoint slideshow can be used to explain the overview of market size, growth rate, and capital expenditure of the water industry. You can present the survey data for determining water quality by using the water cycle management PPT slideshow. Demonstrate the division of the wastewater treatment market by editing our content-ready water quality monitoring PowerPoint slide deck. You can easily edit our water resources presentation to highlight the natural processes and human processes that affect water quality. Showcase the leading factors that will affect the performance of the water technology market by using water quality assurance PowerPoint visuals. Key trends that will influence the water industry in the future such as increasing regulation, failing infrastructure, greater conservation, and efficiency, etc. can also be presented with the help of our ready-to-use water management PPT visuals. Discuss how you can design an effective water quality monitoring program by downloading our professionally designed water resource management PowerPoint slides. https://bit.ly/3fb5ExJ
A hand note on water resource management, specially in the context of Bangladesh. I prepared the note for the MS final exam on the course water resource management.
Sustainable Water Management Powerpoint Presentation SlidesSlideTeam
Introducing Sustainable Water Management PowerPoint Presentation Slides. This Water resource system PowerPoint slideshow can be used to explain the overview of market size, growth rate, and capital expenditure of the water industry. You can discuss the process of planning, developing, and managing the optimum use of water. The survey data for determining water quality can be easily presented by using a water cycle management PowerPoint slideshow. Demonstrate the division of the wastewater treatment market by editing our content-ready water quality monitoring PowerPoint slide deck. You can easily edit our water resources presentation to highlight the natural processes and human processes that affect water quality. Key trends that will influence the water industry in the future such as increasing regulation, failing infrastructure, greater conservation, and efficiency, etc. can also be presented with the help of our ready-to-use water management PPT visuals. It is possible to present the features that describe a suitable location for the monitoring program. It is easy to explain topics like wastewater treatment process, wastewater reuse, global wastewater reuse by sector, treated wastewater quality parameter, etc by downloading this sustainable water management PowerPoint slide deck. https://bit.ly/3tEV5qm
Water Quality Monitoring Management Powerpoint Presentation SlidesSlideTeam
Introducing Water Quality Monitoring Management PowerPoint Presentation Slides which will assist in developing, distributing, and managing the optimum use of water resources. By taking advantage of our readily available water testing PPT visuals, discuss the six main indicators of the water quality. This water resource management PPT slide deck can be used by the department of water for analyzing information about water quality and to underpin decisions about water resource management. You can provide an overview of water market size, growth rate, and capital expenditure by using our readily available water quality modeling PPT slideshow. Describe how you can monitor and assess the water quality in order to manage the water resources. You can also showcase the wastewater treatment according to various industry types by utilizing these water quality monitoring PowerPoint slides. Highlight the trends that can influence the water industry in the future. Also, showcase the factors that can affect the performance of the water technology market. Hence, download our ready-to-use assessing water quality PowerPoint presentation and ensure the optimum use of water resources. https://bit.ly/30tFhdE
Presented by Dr. Shailesh Nayak Key-note Address at Achieving Sustainable Development Goals and Strengthening Science of Climate Resilience, Multi-Stakeholders
most important topic for more clearance of water quality standards which covers latest Indian and WHO guidelines and provides a real scenario of water standards in India and the recent advances made for purification of water in India and worldwide. The presentation is little bit lengthy but deals with all required aspects in short.
This presentation was given as part of the EPA-funded Catchment Science and Management Course focusing on Integrated Catchment Management, held in June 2015. This course was delivered by RPS Consultants. If you have any queries or comments, or wish to use the material in this presentation, please contact catchments@epa.ie
It is increasingly being recognised internationally that integrated catchment management (ICM) is a useful organising framework for tackling the ongoing challenge of balancing sustainable use and development of our natural resource, against achieving environmental goals. The basic principles of ICM (Williams, 2012) are to:
• Take a holistic and integrated approach to the management of land, biodiversity, water and community resources at the water catchment scale;
• Involve communities in planning and managing their landscapes; and
• Find a balance between resource use and resource conservation
ICM is now well established in Australia, New Zealand, and the United States. In Europe the ICM approach has been proposed as being required to achieve effective water and catchment management, and is the approach being promoted by DEFRA for the UK, where it is called the “Catchment Based Approach” (CaBA). The principles and methodologies behind ICM sit well within the context of the Water Framework Directive with its aims and objectives for good water quality, sustainable development and public participation in water resource management. In Ireland it is proposed that the ICM approach will underlie the work and philosophy in developing and implementing future River Basin Management Plans.
DSD-INT 2017 Connecting ecology and water allocation - ChrzanowskiDeltares
Presentation by Clara Chrzanowski (Deltares) at the River Basin Planning and Modelling symposium, during Delft Software Days - Edition 2017. Wednesday, 25 October 2017, Delft.
This lecture covers environmental flow and its inter-relationship with the integrated water resource management. Environmental flow allows for meeting the water needs of the aquatic ecosystems.
Aquifer mapping is a multidisciplinary scientific process wherein a combination of geological, hydrogeological, geophysical, hydrological, and quality data are integrated to characterize the quantity, quality and movement of ground water in aquifers.
The need for allocation and management occurs when the uses become rival and trade-offs emerge.
Fundamentally the concept of benefit sharing becomes a good idea when the strategically selected and placed investments planned at a basin level is more profitable than when done at a country level.
Presented by IWMI's Priyanie Amerasinghe at a World Wetlands Day dialogue: 'Getting Wetland Research into Policy & Practice' held in Colombo, Sri Lanka, on February, 2, 2018
Dr. Chris Nietch - US EPA Experimental Stream Facility: Nutrient Management F...John Blue
US EPA Experimental Stream Facility: Nutrient Management For Water Quality Protection Research - Dr. Chris Nietch, US EPA, from the 2020 Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference, held March 3-4, 2020, Ada, OH, USA.
Presented by IWMI researcher, Marloes Mul, on the Re-optimization and reoperation study of the Akosombo and Kpong dams - Ghana, August 2015. Presented during a stakeholder a workshop held in Accra to explore the potential positive and negative impacts of changing flows.
Judy Goode presents a seminar from the second Water Wednesday entitled "Options for the environmental future of the River Murray. Judy Goode is the SA River Murray Environmental Manager for the SA MDB NRM board.
SWaRMA_IRBM_Module2_#4, Water ecosystem interaction, Susan CuddyICIMOD
This presentation is the part of 12-day (28 January–8 February 2019) training workshop on “Multi-scale Integrated River Basin Management (IRBM) from the Hindu Kush Himalayan Perspective” organized by the Strengthening Water Resources Management in Afghanistan (SWaRMA) Initiative of the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), and targeted at participants from Afghanistan.
Water Resources Survey, Resources in India and TamilNadu, WaterResources Planning, Estimation of Water for Irrigation and Drinking, Reservoirs, Strategies for reservoir operation, Design Flood and Levees and Flood walls
Presented by IWMI's Thai Thi Minh as part of the Small Scale Irrigation Multi-Stakeholder Dialogues: Bundling innovations for scaling farmer-led irrigation in Ghana (organized by ILSSI)
• Bundling innovations for scaling farmer led irrigation in Ghana – by IWMI
• Solar irrigation bundles: prospects and challenges – by PUMPTECH
• GCAP’s Experience with Bundling Innovations and Services to Support Farmer-led Irrigation: A Case of the Peri-Urban Project: Michel Camp Irrigation Scheme – by Food Systems Resilience Project (FSRP)
Presentation slides for the event titled 'Promoting sustainable groundwater irrigation for building climate resilience in West Africa' held on 18 March 2022. The event was jointly organized by the International Water Management Institute (IWMI), the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) - Water Resources Management Centre, and the Permanent Interstate Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel (CILSS).
How to design your interventions to build sustainable and climate-resilient food production systems.
Presented at the Virtual forum. More information is available at https://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/events/operationalizing-farmer-led-irrigation-development-at-scale/
Presentation by IWMI Kakhramon Djumaboev about the application of the water-food-energy nexus concept on transboundary rivers of Central Asia. Presented at the 10th anniversary PEER program on August 17, 2021
Presented by IWMI's Maha Halalsheh as part of a series of training workshops held in 2021 entitled 'The safe use of wastewater' explaining the modules in the ' Governance and Reuse Safety Plans' handbook developed as part of our ReWater-MENA project.
Presented by IWMI's Maha Halalsheh as part of a series of training workshops held in 2021 entitled 'The safe use of wastewater' explaining the modules in the ' Governance and Reuse Safety Plans' handbook developed as part of our ReWater-MENA project. More about our work: https://rewater-mena.iwmi.org/
Presented by IWMI's Maha Halalsheh as part of a series of training workshops held in 2021 entitled 'The safe use of wastewater' explaining the modules in the ' Governance and Reuse Safety Plans' handbook developed as part of our ReWater-MENA project. More about our work: https://rewater-mena.iwmi.org/
Presented by IWMI's Maha Halalsheh as part of a series of training workshops held in 2021 entitled 'The safe use of wastewater' explaining the modules in the ' Governance and Reuse Safety Plans' handbook developed as part of our ReWater-MENA project. More about our work: https://rewater-mena.iwmi.org/
Presented by IWMI's Maha Halalsheh as part of a series of training workshops held in 2021 entitled 'The safe use of wastewater' explaining the modules in the ' Governance and Reuse Safety Plans' handbook developed as part of our ReWater-MENA project. More about our work: https://rewater-mena.iwmi.org/
Presented by IWMI's Maha Halalsheh as part of a series of training workshops held in 2021 entitled 'The safe use of wastewater' explaining the modules in the ' Governance and Reuse Safety Plans' handbook developed as part of our ReWater-MENA project. More about our work: https://rewater-mena.iwmi.org/
Presented by Olufunke Cofie at the National WASH Action Plan Research and Capacity Building Agenda Setting Workshop in Abuja, Nigeria on February 17-18, 2020.
This webinar was jointly organized by the African Union (AU), the International Water Management Institute (IWMI), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and The World Bank on October 15, 2020. More info: http://bit.ly/IDAWM20
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
growbilliontrees.com-Trees for Granddaughter (1).pdf
Environmental flows: The concept and applications in India
1. ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS:
THE CONCEPT AND APPLICATIONS IN INDIA
VLADIMIR SMAKHTIN
International Water Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Ministry of Water Resources, New Delhi, India,
4 November, 2014
2. ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS (EF) – WHAT IS THIS?
• A compromise between water resources development and
maintenance of a river in an agreed / prescribed condition
• Expressed as a set of flow releases / continuous hydrograph, which
mimics the elements of natural flow regime
• Different flows perform different environmental and social functions -
elements of high, medium and low flows have to be included into EF
• The more natural / healthy we want a river to be –
– the more water, in total, we need to leave in it,
– the more natural flow variability we need to maintain
3. ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS – WHERE ARE THEY?
Potentially utilizable water (for
agriculture, industry etc)
Total resource capacity, e.g.
“natural” Mean Annual
Runoff (MAR)
Total volume of
ENVIRONMENTAL
FLOWS (varies
depending on Desired
Environmental Condition
e.g. pristine, good, fair )
4. ENVIRONMENTAL FLOW METHODOLOGIES
• Hydrological (based on hydrological data and ecological perceptions)
– % of MAR (e.g.10% MAR - poor condition, 60% MAR - optimal)
– low-flow indices from Flow Duration Curve (Q95, Q75...)
– time series analyses (e.g. Range of Variability Approach –RVA)
• Hydraulic rating or habitat simulation
– simple relationships between a hydraulic variable (surrogate for
habitat factors, e.g. wetted perimeter) and discharge
– modelling of relationships between quantity and suitability of habitat
for target species under different discharges
• Holistic
– take into account multiple environmental and social factors
– require multidisciplinary panels of experts
– Building Block Methodology (BBM)
5. TWO-LEVELS’ EF ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK
Ideal for any country
• DESKTOP :
– Planning / Reconnaissance level
– Limited developments in a river basin
– Quick and parsimonious
• DETAILED :
– Intermediate or comprehensive level (differ in data input)
– High priority rivers, allocation tradeoffs
– Data intensive, field data collection
6. IWMI EF WORK
• Global, and in less exposed countries in Africa and Asia:
India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Ethiopia, Viet Nam, Azerbaijan
• Primary focus - planning type assessment, based on
Flow Duration Curves. More complex approaches in Viet
Nam and India
• Inclusion of EF in water allocation modeling
7. GLOBAL EF OUTLOOK
estimated % of the annual river flow needed for ecological purposes
AMAZON
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
30
25
20
15
10
5
• TO MAINTAIN A FAIR ECOLOGICAL CONDITION OF RIVERS WORLDWIDE, EF IN
THE RANGE OF 20-50% OF MAR ARE NEEDED (ON AVERAGE, ABOUT 30%)
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Months of the year
% of the total annual flow
LIMPOPO
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Months of the year
% of the total annual flow
8. ENVIRONMENTAL WATER SCARCITY
Environmentally “safe”
river basin
Environmentally “water scarce”
river basin
Total water
available
Utilizable
water
Actual use
Environmental
needs
Total water
available
Environmental
needs
Utilizable
water
Actual use tapping
into environmental
water needs
9. GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL WATER STRESS INDEX
Total withdrawals as a proportion of water available once EF are satisfied
Total water
available
Utilizable
water
Actual use
Environmental
needs
10. DESKTOP/ PLANNING EF APPROACH FOR INDIA
• Combine flow variability with ecological management categories (EMC)
to determine EF for different river conditions
• Flow variability is represented by modified Flow Duration Curves – a
cumulative distribution of discharges
• A procedure is developed for assessment of the most suitable EMC
using expert assessment and scoring of ecological indicators:
– Rare and endangered aquatic biota (primarily fish)
– Overall richness of aquatic species (fish)
– Presence of protected areas
– Degree of flow regulation
– % of the basin remaining under natural cover types,
– other
11. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CLASSES
EMC ECOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVE
A: Natural Pristine condition or minor modification
of in-stream and riparian habitat
Protected rivers and basins. Reserves and national
parks. No new water projects allowed.
B: Slightly
modified
Largely intact biodiversity and habitats
despite water resources development
and/or basin modifications.
Water supply schemes or irrigation development
present or allowed.
C:
Moderately
modified
The habitats and dynamics of the biota
have been disturbed, but basic
ecosystem functions are intact.
Multiple disturbances associated with the need for
socio-economic development, e.g. dams,
diversions, etc
D: Largely
modified
Large changes in natural habitat, biota
and basic ecosystem functions have
occurred. A clearly lower than
expected species richness.
Significant and clearly visible disturbances
associated with basin and water resources
development, including dams, diversions, transfers,
habitat modification and water quality degradation
E: Seriously
modified
Habitat diversity and availability have
declined. A strikingly lower than
expected species richness. Alien
species have invaded the ecosystem.
High human population density and extensive water
resources exploitation.
F: Critically
modified
Modifications have reached a critical
level and ecosystem has been
completely modified with almost total
loss of natural habitat and biota.
This status is not acceptable from the management
perspective. Management interventions are
necessary to restore flow pattern, river habitats etc
(if still possible / feasible).
12. LATERAL SHIFT OF A FLOW DURATION CURVE
• A natural (reference) FDC is calculated from monthly flow time series
• A shift of 1 step is equivalent to “moving” a river from a higher EMC to the
next (lower) one (e.g. from class ‘A’ to class ‘B’)
10000.0
1000.0
100.0
Direction of
shift
Reference (original)
FDC
0.01 0.1 1 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 95 99 99.9 99.99
% Time f low exceeded
Monthly Flow (MCM)
Original A class B class C class D class
A
B
C
D
13. EXAMPLES OF ESTIMATED EF DURATION CURVES
100000.0
10000.0
1000.0
100.0
10.0
100000.0
10000.0
1000.0
100.0
10.0
1.0
0.1
MAHI OUTLET
KRISHNA OUTLET
0.01 0.1 1 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 95 99 99.9 99.99
% Time f low exceeded
Monthly Flow (MCM)
Original A class B class C class D class Class E Class F
1.0
0.01 0.1 1 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 95 99 99.9 99.99
% Time f low exceeded
Monthly Flow (MCM)
Original Class A Class B Class C Class D Class E Class F
14. ESTIMATES OF LONG-TERM EF VOLUMES AT 13 MAJOR RIVER
BASIN OUTLETS FOR DIFFERENT EMC
River Natural
MAR,
BCM*
EF (% natural MAR)
Class A Class B Class C Class D Class E Class F
Brahmaputra 585 78.2 60.2 45.7 34.7 26.5 20.7
Cauvery 21.4 61.5 35.7 19.6 10.6 5.8 3.2
Ganga 525 67.6 44.2 28.9 20.0 14.9 12.1
Godavary 110 58.8 32.2 16.1 7.4 3.6 2.0
Krishna 77.6 62.5 35.7 18.3 8.4 3.5 1.5
Mahanadi 66.9 61.3 34.8 18.5 9.7 5.6 3.6
Mahi 11.0 41.9 17.1 6.5 2.3 0.8 0.3
Narmada 45.6 55.5 28.8 14.0 7.1 3.9 2.5
Pennar 6.3 52.7 27.9 14.3 7.3 3.8 2.0
Tapi 14.9 53.2 29.9 16.6 9.0 4.9 2.6
Periyar 5.1 62.9 37.3 21.2 12.1 6.9 3.9
Sabarmati 3.8 49.6 24.2 12.1 6.6 3.7 2.1
Subarnarekha 12.4 55.0 29.9 15.4 7.4 3.4 1.5
15. SIMULATING A TIME SERIES OF EF AT A SITE
Once an EF FDC is established, a simple spatial interpolation procedure is used to
simulate the final output of the EF assessment- monthly EF time series
16. EXTRACTS FROM ACTUAL AND SIMULATED TIME
SERIES AT VIJAYAVADA (KRISHNA OUTLET)
35000
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
1 11 21 31 41 51 61
Months since January 1991
Monthly flows (MCM)
Observed at present Simulated natural EFR Class B EFR Class D
Simulated Natural
Observed
EFR scenario 1
EFR scenario 2
18. OUTPUTS AND TOOLS AVAILABLE
FOR USE / FURTHER REFINEMENT
• An EF quick assessment methodology which could be replicated in
other basins and in the same basins – with addition data, at different
reaches
• Estimates of EF for each major basin outlet in the form of:
– EF Duration Curves for each EMC,
– Corresponding EF estimates as % of natural MAR
– Corresponding EF monthly time series
• Software tools (Ganges and Global EF Desktop calculators)
• Publications (IWMI Research Reports, Water Policy Briefs, etc)
19. DETAILED, PARTICIPATORY METHODS
Upper Ganges, upstream of Kanpur
• Collaboration between WWF-India – IWMI - IHE and other partners
• First time in India
• Iconic river – lots of cultural and religious angles never explored before
• Multidisciplinary (some 10 different specialists)
• Modified Building Block Method (BBM)
20. BUILDING BLOCKS METHOD
• BBM stages:
– Reconnaissance, geomorphological survey, and EF sites selection
– Biological and social surveys
– Hydrological analysis
– Hydraulic sections surveys
– Specialist workshop where EF are determined
• “Building Blocks” include Low and High flows for all 12 months
• Driest month and wettest month are analyzed first, interpolation is
possible in-between
• Flow needs of various components (fish, spiritual needs) are
normally expressed as water level, velocity, width etc.
• They are converted to discharges using hydraulics and evaluated
by hydrology. The largest requirement is accepted as BB.
21. Zone 1
Gangotri to
Rishikesh
Zone 3
Narora to
Farrukhabad
21
Zone 4
Kannauj to
Kanpur
22. EF SUMMARY, ZONE 1: GANGOTRI- RISHIKESH
maintenance flows
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
Site EF1 -Kaudiala EMC A; 72% MAR
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Months
Flow Volume, MCM
maintenance low maintenance high natural total
23. EF SUMMARY, ZONE 3: NARORA – FARRUKHABAD
maintenance flows
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
Site EF3 –Kachla Ghat EMC B, 45% MAR
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Months
Flow Volume, MCM
maintenance low maintenance high natural total Present
24. PLANNING (GANGES CALCULATOR) AND
COMPREHENSIVE (BBM) RESULTS COMPARED
EF Site
N
EF Site
Name
EMC BBM Workshop
result
(Total EF as % of
natural MAR)
Ganges Calculator
Result
(Total EF as % of
natural MAR)
1 Kaudiala A 72 67
2 Kachla Ghat B 45 36
3 Bithoor B 47 35
25. SUMMARY
• EF- is a tool to maintain a river in an agreed condition. EF need to
mimic natural flow variability
• A combination of simple (planning) and comprehensive (holistic)
EF assessment tools is ideal for EF management. The levels of
accuracy and confidence differ, but both types of tools have distinct
purposes.
• A number of EF tools and information, freely available, are already
developed for India - for further use and refinement with Indian
partners and responsible agencies
• Previous studies were normally carried out in the conditions of lack
of access to hydrological and hydraulic data. To enhance national
EF work, access to these data is imperative.
• Actual EF provisions are not the same as estimated EF. No matter
how advanced and accurate the estimates are, its output remains
on paper if no actual implementation is made. It needs Policy and
Institutional support.