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Sustainable agriculture library orientation 2022
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- 2. Outcomes • Library resources •Off campus access • Library Services during COVID Basics • Research steps • Databases • Credible Information • Predatory Journals Research • Plagiarism • Referencing • Mendeley Writing
- 3. Get to knowthe library resources
- 4. Your library website Eachmenu deals with relevant information – looking for something? Use the “find” option, curious about how long you get your books for? “using the library” can answer that! SunSearch: look for books, articles, and more! Library guides: your how-to mecca of information Quick links are there to help you find what you need fast Got a question? Just ask a librarian!
- 5. Your library guide 5 Usethe headings to find what you want! A great starting point is ‘searching tips’! Use these to contact me!
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- 7. Getting off campusaccess to resources – Library links 7 Because the library purchases a lot of the material, you will need to "prove" to the database you are a student. Most databases might ask you for a password. Do not put in your own credentials unless there's a specific instruction. The library automatically "fills" in the password through IP authentication. If your IP address reads that you are on an internet connection that is linked to Stellenbosch University, then the database will give you access. This means that when you are off-campus, you need to use a proxy to tell the database you are from Stellenbosch. This proxy is automatically contained in all the links on the library's page and your library how-to guide's page. So the simplest way to get access, is to simply use the library website and your library how-to guide.
- 8. Getting off campusaccess to resources 8 Google Scholar • You can set up your Google Scholar to link into the library’s resources Library catalogue • You can follow a reference using the library catalogue Library guide • Your library guide already has the links to the databases ready to go!
- 9. COVID-19 and theLibrary Limited amount of students – so bookings are essential to visit the library. To get a book, you don’t need to visit the library – you can simply request a book pick up by emailing the name of the book, the shelf number and your student number to jsg_uitl@sun.ac.za Although you can’t drop in at my desk anymore, you can book an appointment with me online at any time by clicking on the “online appointment” box on my library guide. 9
- 10. Library Spaces If youdon’t know the library or it’s been so long you can’t remember it – make an appointment with me to give you a quick tour and show you our newly renovated spaces and the Research Commons (our exclusive postgrad study space). I’ll also show you our new Makerspace, which is aimed at creating and designing things, and has robotics stations and 3D printers available. 10
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- 12. Research: Where doyou start? Identifying search topics, identifying gaps in knowledge and constructing a search strategy This allows you to cover all bases and collect relevant information
- 13. Research Steps Identify PossibleKeywords Construct Search Strategy Identify Databases Perform Your Search
- 14. Step 1: Identifyyour keywords 14 Write down your topic: AN ASSESSMENT OF THE POTENTIAL OF EDIBLE INSECT CONSUMPTION IN REDUCING HUMAN NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCIES Main Concepts Alternative Edible insects (Mopani worms), entomophagy Nutrition Protein (South Africa)
- 15. Step 2: CombineKeywords to make a search strategy 15 Boolean Operators - AND / OR / NOT AND – returns results with both keywords OR – returns results with one or the other keyword NOT – returns results excluding specific keywords
- 16. Step 2: CombineKeywords to make a search strategy 16 Boolean Operators - AND / OR / NOT
- 17. Step 2: CombineKeywords to make a search strategy 17 Boolean Operators - AND / OR / NOT Quotation Marks “ ” – keep keywords together, for exact phrase searching eg. “South Africa” Brackets ( ) – keep concepts together, used for synonyms eg. (“edible insects” OR entomophagy)
- 18. Step 2: CombineKeywords to make a search strategy 18 ("edible insects" OR entomophagy) AND (nutrition* OR protein)
- 19. 19 Step 3: Identifyyour database Databases Basics A database is an electronic index to journal or magazine articles, containing citations, abstracts and often either the full text of the articles, or links to the full text. It allows you to search for information using: Keywords Titles Authors Abstracts
- 20. Using search engines(Databases or Google / Google Scholar) effectively Keep in mind that Google is a good starting point, but that it isn’t able to access most of our resources! ◦ For example – Scopus results are not are available via Google or Google Scholar Every database has a search engine like Google – but they are not always as intuitive as Google ◦ Keep in mind that Google saves searches and uses specific algorithms to adapt to your previous searches – this gives the efficient impression When using any search engine – be more specific and keep in mind how to evaluate information ◦ The more specific you are, the more relevant results it will give Remember you are looking for PEER REVIEWED CREDIBLE ACADEMIC INFORMATION 20
- 21. 21 Step 4: Performyour search Here are a couple of databases to use (consult your library guide for the full list): Scopus Web of Science Google Scholar CAB Abstracts
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- 23. Scopus Comprehensive abstract andcitation database of peer-reviewed literature with full-text links 23
- 24. Simply paste yoursearch strategy into the search, and click on search! 24
- 25. 25 Refine to specific yearsand more here You can click on “view at Publisher” or “find it” to view the full text of the article You can see (and click) on the citations of an article
- 26. CABI Covers the appliedlife sciences including agriculture 26
- 27. 27 Simply copy andpaste your search strategy in the search box
- 28. 28 You can clickon “find it” to view the full text of the article Refine to specific years and more here
- 29. Web of Science Comprehensiveabstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature with full-text links 29
- 30. 30 Simply paste yoursearch strategy into the search, and click on search!
- 31. 31 You can clickon “view at Publisher” or “find it” to view the full text of the article Refine to specific years and more here You can see (and click) on the citations of an article
- 32. Google Scholar Comprehensive abstractand citation database of academic literature with full-text links Keep in mind not all literature in it is academic or trustworthy (evaluate the information) 32
- 33. 33 Simply paste yoursearch strategy into the search, and click on search!
- 34. 34 Refine to specific years here Youcan click on “full text@Stellenbosch” to see the full article You can see (and click) on the citations of an article
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- 36. 36 Evaluating information ingeneral Currency: Published recently, links functioning, if older – updated recently Reliability: From a reputable source/institution- publisher, University, Research Unit, Company Authority: Creator is an expert in their field, and affiliated with a reputable institution Accuracy: The information can be verified Purpose: The research was conducted in a manner that is commonly accepted in the field, and is evident in the article
- 37. How to skimread (to check for credibility) First sentence of each paragraph Introduction + conclusion Table of contents Abstract Title, author, journal, date
- 38. 38 Reliable websites Any Websiteending in: .org; .gov; .edu; .ac Official News sites like : News24, IOL, BBC, CNN (PressReader database)
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- 41. Search alerts On certaindatabases you can set up search alerts for your topic: 41 You can set how often – daily or weekly and even pick specific days This is your search strategy You can name your alerts to keep them organised
- 42. 42 Look for the“create alert” button and then choose the details
- 43. Predatory journals “Predatory journalsand publishers are entities that prioritize self-interest at the expense of scholarship and are characterized by false or misleading information, deviation from best editorial and publication practices, a lack of transparency, and/or the use of aggressive and indiscriminate solicitation practices.” (Grudniewicz et al, 2019) (https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-03759-y) 43
- 44. Avoiding predatory journals Easiestway: use ACADEMIC databases for searching ◦ Exception to this is Google Scholar that indexes many predatory journals. You must evaluate where the information comes from in that case to check if the journal is legitimate Some databases offer you a chance to check for predatory journals ◦ Use the “source” lists on Scopus and Web of Science – make sure the journals are still being indexed When checking where a journal is indexed, if it is currently indexed in Scopus and Web of Science you can proceed safely. There are also many fake indexes so don’t be fooled! 44
- 45. Check the followingjournals You’ve got three examples on your guide – have a look at all three and tell me whether they are predatory or not. Journal names: International Journal of Research in Agricultural Sciences International Journal of Agriculture Innovations and Research 45
- 46. Choosing a journalto publish in Step 1: Is it on the DHET accredited list? Step 2: Best journal for my subject field – what cost implications are there? Databases that help: ◦ Scopus ◦ Web of Science 46
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- 48. Plagiarism Plagiarism is thetheft and use of the ideas, material and other intellectual property of others that are passed off as one’s own This can take multiple forms 48 OBVIOUS FORMS: Buying / borrowing a paper and copying it Hiring somebody to write for you Cutting and pasting text Direct translations Citing sources you didn’t use LESS OBVIOUS FORMS: Not giving proper credit Not referencing images, etc. Improper paraphrasing Failing to give a proper reference Not acknowledging outsourcing (eg. Data)
- 49. Referencing 49 Know the ReferencingStyle that you are using Make sure what you are referencing, different material types are displayed differently in the bibliography Makes sure that your in-text citations match your bibliography Most important, be CONSISTENT
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- 51. Reference management tools Programsthat assist you in storing your citations, managing your citations and then inserting citations in a specific citation style while you write your assignment
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- 53. 53 Social Media channels Whatyou will find on our pages ◦ Relevant scientific research in the world ◦ Library news: tips, workshops and more Published a paper? Doing something interesting in the lab? Tag me or email me so I can share it! Get your research heard!
- 54. Thank you 54 Email: emw@sun.ac.za LibraryGuides: https://libguides.sun.ac.za/conservationecologyandentomology Please take a moment to fill out the evaluation form on the front page of the library guide: https://forms.office.com/r/8EdbTPz5Pc
Editor's Notes
- #11 If you haven’t got to know the library space itself and would like a quick tour, also feel welcome to make an appointment with me and I can show you which section on the shelves you’ll find your books, the different study spaces available (including the Research Commons which is exclusive to postgraduate students) and our Makerspace where you can create and 3D print, amongst other places in the library
- #16 We take these keywords and then combine them with what is called a Boolean Operator. These are from the days when machine language started, before algorithms and search engines were made, and they are a way you can force the algorithm to work to your advantage. The operators are AND, OR and NOT. You put the operator in between the two keywords and the operator tells the database what you want it to do with the keywords.
- #17 Here you can see how the three words work. An AND will make sure that the search brings back only those results that have both of your keywords in, while an OR will bring back results that contain all the words. The OR is used for your alternative words, like synonyms or similar concepts. The NOT excludes results, so it disappears results that have got either one.
- #18 We also have some handy punctuation tips which can help. Quotation marks keep phrases (two or more words) together. So if you wanted to search for wine making process, you would write it in quotation marks and it tells the database to bring back those words next to each other. Brackets are used to combine two searches into one – so if you take your alternative terms for something, you would put them both in a bracket with an OR inbetween. For example, wine making OR oenology. The bracket tells the database that you want it to do essentially two searches – with either of your words.
- #19 So to take our topic, we would do the following – we would put the two OR concepts (our alternative concepts) in brackets, and note the quotation marks for “wine making”. We would combine this with the AND tannin concept. This is our search strategy – we can now copy and paste it into any database and it will work.
- #20 Before putting it in a database, we would need to understand a bit more about them. You have two kinds of databases – one that always has the actual full text of the article in, and one that doesn’t need to have the full text in. That second one is called an abstract or citation database. An easy example is Google Scholar – it doesn’t have the full text, but it links to it. The important thing to take note of databases is how they do their searches – they don’t always look through the full article, and even if they did, they prioritise words found in the title, keywords and abstracts of the article. If you are looking for a specific author, you can do that too. It is therefore very important to think about those alternative concepts because you are relying on only a few words available to bring back the article.
- #21 I’ve mentioned Google Scholar and I just want to take a moment to speak about it and other databases. Google Scholar is a great starting point, but it doesn’t have access to all the scholarly sources we have. By access – I mean it doesn’t even get to show the results, or it drops the results so far down, you don’t see it. The way that results are structured in Google Scholar still are skewed by things like database clicks, and paid algorithms. So you cannot search only on it – you need to search on multiple databases. Academic databases are not as friendly as the searches in Google Scholar – they don’t pick up spelling errors for you or autocorrect your spelling. So you need to be very specific and careful with your searches. The last warning I will give about Google Scholar is that it has a quantity not quality approach – there is a lot of fake academic articles and even non academic articles in Google Scholar, so anything you find, you need to be able to evaluate. Keep in mind you are looking for peer reviewed, credible academic information – something which academic databases guarantee while Google Scholar does not.
- #22 We spoke about your search strategy, now you get to use it in your databases. I would suggest that at the minimum you search in all four of these databases: Scopus, Web of Science, CAB Abstracts and Google Scholar (if your settings into the library’s subscriptions have been set up).
- #38 How to skim: Review the abstracts or introduction These summarise what the article is about so you know if to include it Note main ideas Does it address topic statement? You are not looking for every article ever written Just the seminal ones that convey the main academic opinions about the topic
- #40 The second tool is a database called Pressreader, which is available to all Stellenbosch staff and students, and can be downloaded as an app on your phone or tablet for offline reading as well. PressReader lets you keep up to date with news and magazines and even includes some trade magazines like Landbouweekblad.
- #49 Credibility is a combination of Reliability, Authority, Validity and Accuracy