This slide is a guide for the Tribhuvan University students for preparing the final presentation report about their survey camping. Mostly it helps geomatics engineering students who do their 10 days field survey in their 5th semester.
In this lecture we will cover
Applications of levelling
Equipment and procedures
Purposes of levelling
Some definitions
Applications
Longitudinal sections and cross sections
Plotting the profile
Procedure of profile
Procedure of cross-section:
Plotting the cross-section:
Prepared by:
Asst. Prof. Salar K.Hussein
Mr. Kamal Y.Abdullah
Asst.Lecturer. Dilveen H. Omar
Erbil Polytechnic University
Technical Engineering College
Civil Engineering Department
The Global Positioning System is a satellite-based radio navigation system for determination of precise position and time, using radio signals from the satellites, in real-time or in post-processing mode.
Introduction of surveying in Civil Engineering.MD Sakib Hasan
Did you know about surveying ? Surveying is an integral part of Civil Engineering discipline. you will able to know about ,what is surveying ? and learn about it can be use in many fields and for many purposes .
Techniques of Land Surveying
The structure of Presentation:
Introduction to Land Survey
History of Land Survey
Types of Land Survey
Measurements
Modern Technologies
Geographical Information System
Photogrammetry
LiDAR
Airborne LiDAR
3D laser scanners
In this lecture we will cover
Applications of levelling
Equipment and procedures
Purposes of levelling
Some definitions
Applications
Longitudinal sections and cross sections
Plotting the profile
Procedure of profile
Procedure of cross-section:
Plotting the cross-section:
Prepared by:
Asst. Prof. Salar K.Hussein
Mr. Kamal Y.Abdullah
Asst.Lecturer. Dilveen H. Omar
Erbil Polytechnic University
Technical Engineering College
Civil Engineering Department
The Global Positioning System is a satellite-based radio navigation system for determination of precise position and time, using radio signals from the satellites, in real-time or in post-processing mode.
Introduction of surveying in Civil Engineering.MD Sakib Hasan
Did you know about surveying ? Surveying is an integral part of Civil Engineering discipline. you will able to know about ,what is surveying ? and learn about it can be use in many fields and for many purposes .
Techniques of Land Surveying
The structure of Presentation:
Introduction to Land Survey
History of Land Survey
Types of Land Survey
Measurements
Modern Technologies
Geographical Information System
Photogrammetry
LiDAR
Airborne LiDAR
3D laser scanners
Introduction of surveying_Surveying, Civil EngineeringA Makwana
Surveying is the art of determining the relative positions of points on, above or beneath the surface of the earth.
The relative positions are determined by measuring horizontal distances, vertical distances, horizontal angles and vertical angles accurately using various surveying instruments.
Levelling is a branch of surveying dealing with determination of relative heights of the point on the surface of the earth in a vertical plane.
Input of Surveying in Civil Engineering.
Subject Name: CE-IS&GI
(Civil Engineering-Introduction Societal and Global Impact.
Surveying: The Planning And Design of all Civil Engineering Projects Such as construction of Highways , Bridges , Tunnels , Dams etc are based upon surveying measurements. Thus , surveying is a basic requirement for all Civil Engineering Projects.
Types of Surveying:
(i) Plane Surveying
(ii) Geodetic or Trigonometrical Surveying
Distance Measurement & Chain Surveying
Contents
• Introduction About Surveying
.
• Primary Division Of Surveying • Classification Of Surveying • Distance Measurement And Chain Surveying • Principle Of Surveying • Types Of Tapes Based On The Materials Used • Erecting And Dropping A Perpendicular • Obstacle In Chain Survey • Types Of Errors • Corrections of Tape • Off –Sets • Ranging • Conclusion . • Homework And Next Lecture . • References.
-Definition of Surveying.
Types of Surveying
1. Plane Surveying
2. Geodetic Survey
3. Cadastral surveying
4. Aerial Surveying
5. Hydro graphic Surveying (Hydro-Survey)
6. Topographical Survey
7. Engineering Survey.
Primary division of Surveying
Reconnaissance.
• This is preliminary survey of the land to be surveyed. It may be either
1-Ground reconnaissance 2- Aerial reconnaissance survey.
Objectives of Reconnaissance
1. To ascertain the possibility of building or constructing route or track through the area.
Classification of Surveying:
1- Classification based on the instruments used:
A. Chain Surveying.
B. Compass Surveying.
C. Theodolite Surveying.
D. Tachometric Surveying .
E. Trigonometric Surveying.
F. Total station and GPS.
G. Photogrammetric and Aerial Surveying.
H. Plan Table .
2- According to the method used:
i. Traversing .
ii. Triangulation .
iii. Tacheometric.
iv. Trigonometric.
3- According to the Purpose of surveying:
i. Engineering survey.
ii. Military survey.
iii. Geological survey .
iv. Topographical survey
Chain and Tape Survey
-Length& Distance Measurements.
-Distance Measurement and Chain Surveying.
• In general there are two methods:
1- Direct methods of measuring lengths
2- Indirect methods of measuring distances.
There are two kinds of measurements used in plane surveying.
*Linear measurements
*Angular measurements
-Instruments used in Chain Surveying.
Types of tapes based on the materials used.
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Asst. Prof. Salar K.Hussein
Mr. Kamal Y.Abdullah
Asst.Lecturer. Dilveen H. Omar
Erbil Polytechnic University
Technical Engineering College
Civil Engineering Department
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)
Survey Camp presentation of geomatics engineering
1. RERORT ON:
FILED SURVEY CAMP 2075
Submitted to:
Department of Civil and Geomatics Engineering
2.
3. Survey:
• art and science of determining the relative position
• By means of measurements of distance, direction and
elevation
Survey camp:
• Engineering training course
• Students use surveying equipment in filed for gaining
practical knowledge
4. • To become familiar with the problems that may arise during the fieldworks.
• To become familiar with proper handling of instrument and their functions.
• To become familiar with the spirit and importance of teamwork as surveying is
not a single person work.
• To complete the given project in scheduled time and thus know the value of
time.
• To collect the data in the field in systematic manner.
• To compute and manipulate the observed data in the required accuracy and
present in the diagrammatic and tabular form in order to understand by
layman.
5. Duration:
• 10 days (1st Mangsir to 10th Mangsir)
Location:
• Region : Gandaki
• District : Kaski
• Province : 4
Sites:
• For topographical survey: Pashimanchal Campus
• For road and bridge survey: Kali khola
Working hours:
• 7 a.m. to 5 p.m.
6. Day Date Survey Field Work
1st Mangsir 1 Topographic surveying and mapping; orientation, instrument handling, location assigning,
reconnaissance and conduction of traverse survey
2nd Mangsir 2 Traverse survey continued and coordinate calculation
3rd Mangsir 3 Detail surveying
4th Mangsir 4 Detail survey and traverse plotting
5th Mangsir 5 Data downloading and mapping
6th Mangsir 6 Levelling; orientation, instrument handling, location assigning, reconnaissance and conduction of
levelling and computation
7th Mangsir 7 Road survey; orientation, instrument handling, location assigning, reconnaissance and conduction of
road survey
8th Mangsir 8 Computations and plotting of road
9th Mangsir 9 Bridge survey; orientation, instrument handling, location assigning, reconnaissance and conduction
of bridge survey
10th Mangsir 10 Computation and mapping
7. • Determination of position of natural and artificial features of the
locality by means of conventional signs up on a topographical map
• Three-dimensional; graphical representation of position of the
earth’s surface.
8. • Total station
• Levelling machine
• Measuring tapes
• Tripod stand
• Ranging rods
• Staffs
• Hammer
• Pegs
• Marker pens
• Prism
• Prism stand
9. 1. Site selection
2. Reconnaissance survey
3. Selection and making of the major and minor traverse stations
4. Measurement of the angles and length of the major and minor traverse
5. Two peg test
6. Levelling of traverse station
7. Measurement of bearing of traverse leg
8. Booking of field notes
9. Calculation of horizontal and vertical controls of traverse stations
10. Adjustment of errors
11. Detailing and plotting
10. • Type of surveying in which a number of connected
survey lines form the framework
• Also a method of control surveying
The survey consists of the measurement of:
• Angles between successive lines or bearing of each line
• The length of each line
11. 1. Close traverse:
originates from a station and return to the same station
Runs between two known stations
2. Open traverse
3. Major traverse
Skeleton of lines joining those control points
Covers entire area
Two set of reading is taken for precision
4. Minor traverse
Runs through the area to make detailing easy
Covers small area
Single set of reading is taken as less precision is sufficient
12. • The ratio of the leg distance should be 1:2 for major traverse and 1:3 for
minor traverse
• The traverse should run in anticlockwise direction
• The difference between the mean values of two sets of readings for traverse
angle should be within a minute
• The difference of the face left and face right reading should be ±180⁰
• In case of angular measurement, it should be checked whether the sum of
interior angles is (n-2)*180⁰
• The error should be within the permissible error i.e. ±√n minutes, where n is
the number of sides.
13. • Used by a variety of professional from engineers, architects foresters,
geologists, etc.
• Used in planning of projects to help design the layout and location of
buildings, roads, dams, pipelines, trails, fire control route, landscapes, etc.
14. ROAD ALIGNMENT SURVEY
• The survey which is used to select a route for the construction of road or highway
• Allows to select short, easy, safe and economic route for the construction of road or
highway
15. OBJECTIVE
• To determine the best possible route for road alignment
• To design various road geometrics
• To perform profile and cross sectional levelling of road alignment
• To calculate amount of earthwork during construction of road
• To prepare plan of road alignment
17. METHODOLOGY
1. Reconnaissance survey
2. Selection and marking of intersection points
3. Measuring of deflection angles
4. Measuring of the distance between the IP’s
5. Sulitable selection of radius for the suitable horizontal curves.
6. Marking of B.C., E.C. apex distance of the curve
7. Profile and cross sectional levelling
8. Filing in the field notes
9. plotting
18. LEVELLING
• Branch of surveying which is used to achieve the following objectives:
To find the elevation of given points with respect to given or assumed datum
To establish points at a given elevation or at different elevation with respect to a given or
assumed datum.
19. TYPES OF LEVELLING
1. Dierct levelling(spirit levelling)
a. Differential levelling
b. Profile levelling
c. Cross sectional levelling
d. Reciprocal lecvelling
2. Indirect levelling(trigonometric levelling)
20. BRIDGE SITE SURVEY
• gives the preliminary knowledge on selection and planning of possible bridge site
and axis for the future construction of the bridge
• Collect the preliminary data about the site such as normal water flow level, high
flood level geological features of the ground for planning and designing of the
bridge from the details taken during the surveying
21. METHODOLOGY
• Reconnaissance
• Site selection
• Fixing of control points and triangulation
• Levelling
transferring R.L. from B.M. to control points
Reciprocal levelling
Cross sectioning
22. TRIANGULATION
• System to establish the horizontal control in geodetic survey
• Based on trigonometric proportion that if one side and two angles of triangle are
known, the remaining sides can be computed
• Series of joined or overlapping triangles are used in which length of one side is
called base line and is measured
• All the angles are measured and remaining sides are calculated
23. GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS)
GIS is a system of combinations of hardware, software, people ,
methodologies for collection, recording, analyzing, querying and
displaying the geospatial data.
GIS data can be the combination of spatial and non-spatial or attribute
data.
24. GIS OPERATIONS
• 1. Spatial data input (field collected datas from our survey)
• 2. Attribute data management
• 3.Data display and exploration
• 4.Data Analysis (IDW, Contour generation)
• 5. Data interpolation and visualization (cartographic tools)
26. ARC MAP IN MAP LAYOUT AND DATA VISUALIZATION
ArcGIS - a very powerful GIS tool from ESRI was deployed to carry analysis of data and
design of map layouts.
The powerful features with fluent Graphical Interface makes easier to perform data
exploration, efficiently design map layouts, generate contours of desired interval, or visualize
the data in required formats.
28. ARCGIS TOOLS IN SURVEY CAMP
-Preparation of the Topographic map of the surveyed area.
-Preparation of the contour map of the bridge site.
-Preparation of the cross-section of the river site.
29. GIS : CONCLUDING REMARKS
ARCGIS saved time, effort and gave us better insights of our data
maintaining the accuracy.
The data analysis was much easier saving a lot of human effort.
Similarly, GIS has a lot of usages and application with advanced database
features integrated in the software