3. Survey:
• art and science of determining the relative position
• By means of measurements of distance, direction and
elevation
Survey camp:
• Engineering training course
• Students use surveying equipment in filed for gaining
practical knowledge
4. • To become familiar with the problems that may arise during the fieldworks.
• To become familiar with proper handling of instrument and their functions.
• To become familiar with the spirit and importance of teamwork as surveying is
not a single person work.
• To complete the given project in scheduled time and thus know the value of
time.
• To collect the data in the field in systematic manner.
• To compute and manipulate the observed data in the required accuracy and
present in the diagrammatic and tabular form in order to understand by
layman.
5. Duration:
•8 days (10th Mangsir to 17th Mangsir)
Location:
• Region
• District
: Bagmati
• Province :
Sites:
• For topographical and road survey: Tintale Adharabhuta Secondary School, Tintale, Sindhuli , Sindhuli
• For bridge survey: Kamala Khola, Sindhuli
Working hours:
• 7 a.m. to 5 p.m.
: Sindhuli
3
6. Day Date Survey Field Work
1st Mangsir 10 Bridge survey; orientation, instrument handling, location assigning, reconnaissance and
conduction of bridge survey
2nd Mangsir 11 Bridge survey; orientation, instrument handling, location assigning, reconnaissance and conduction of
bridge survey
3rd Mangsir 12 Road survey; orientation, instrument handling, location assigning, reconnaissance and conduction of
road survey
4th Mangsir 13 Road survey; orientation, instrument handling, location assigning, reconnaissance and conduction of
road survey
5th Mangsir 14 Topographic surveying and mapping; orientation, instrument handling, location assigning,
reconnaissance and conduction of traverse survey
6th Mangsir 15 Traverse survey continued and coordinate calculation
7th Mangsir 16 Detail surveying
8th Mangsir 17 Levelling; orientation, instrument handling, location assigning, reconnaissance and conduction of
levelling and computation
7. • Determination of position of natural and artificial features of the
locality by means of conventional signs up on a topographical map
• Three-dimensional; graphical representation of position of the
earth’s surface.
8. • Total station
• Levelling machine
• Measuring tapes
• Tripod stand
• Ranging rods
• Staffs
• Hammer
• Pegs
• Marker pens
• Prism
• Prism stand
9. 1. Site selection
2. Reconnaissance survey
3. Selection and making of the major and minor traverse stations
4. Measurement of the angles and length of the major and minor traverse
5. Two peg test
6. Levelling of traverse station
7. Measurement of bearing of traverse leg
8. Booking of field notes
9. Calculation of horizontal and vertical controls of traverse stations
10. Adjustment of errors
11. Detailing and plotting
10. • Type of surveying in which a number of connected
survey lines form the framework
• Also a method of control surveying
The survey consists of the measurement of:
• Angles between successive lines or bearing of each line
• The length of each line
11. 1. Close traverse:
originates from a station and return to the same station
Runs between two known stations
2. Open traverse
3. Major traverse
Skeleton of lines joining those control points
Covers entire area
Two set of reading is taken for precision
4. Minor traverse
Runs through the area to make detailing easy
Covers small area
Single set of reading is taken as less precision is sufficient
12. • The ratio of the leg distance should be 1:2 for major traverse and 1:3 for
minor traverse
• The traverse should run in anticlockwise direction
• The difference between the mean values of two sets of readings for traverse
angle should be within a minute
• The difference of the face left and face right reading should be ±180⁰
• In case of angular measurement, it should be checked whether the sum of
interior angles is (n-2)*180⁰
• The error should be within the permissible error i.e. ±√n minutes, where n is
the number of sides.
13. • Used by a variety of professional from engineers, architects foresters,
geologists, etc.
• Used in planning of projects to help design the layout and location of
buildings, roads, dams, pipelines, trails, fire control route, landscapes, etc.
14.
15.
16. ROAD ALIGNMENT SURVEY
• The survey which is used to select a route for the construction of road or highway
• Allows to select short, easy, safe and economic route for the construction of road or
highway
17. OBJECTIVE
• To determine the best possible route for road alignment
• To design various road geometrics
• To perform profile and cross sectional levelling of road alignment
• To calculate amount of earthwork during construction of road
• To prepare plan of road alignment
19. METHODOLOGY
1. Reconnaissance survey
2. Selection and marking of intersection points
3. Measuring of deflection angles
4. Measuring of the distance between the IP’s
5. Sulitable selection of radius for the suitable horizontal curves.
6. Marking of B.C., E.C. apex distance of the curve
7. Profile and cross sectional levelling
8. Filing in the field notes
9. plotting
20. LEVELLING
• Branch of surveying which is used to achieve the following objectives:
To find the elevation of given points with respect to given or assumed datum
To establish points at a given elevation or at different elevation with respect to a given or
assumed datum.
21. TYPES OF LEVELLING
1. Dierct levelling(spirit levelling)
a. Differential levelling
b. Profile levelling
c. Cross sectional levelling
d. Reciprocal lecvelling
2. Indirect levelling(trigonometric levelling)
22.
23.
24. BRIDGE SITE SURVEY
• gives the preliminary knowledge on selection and planning of possible bridge site
and axis for the future construction of the bridge
• Collect the preliminary data about the site such as normal water flow level, high
flood level geological features of the ground for planning and designing of the
bridge from the details taken during the surveying
25. METHODOLOGY
• Reconnaissance
• Site selection
• Fixing of control points and triangulation
• Levelling
transferring R.L. from B.M. to control points
Reciprocal levelling
Cross sectioning
26.
27. TRIANGULATION
• System to establish the horizontal control in geodetic survey
• Based on trigonometric proportion that if one side and two angles of triangle are
known, the remaining sides can be computed
• Series of joined or overlapping triangles are used in which length of one side is
called base line and is measured
• All the angles are measured and remaining sides are calculated
