this file is about the types of dies and also its manufacturing procedure.this is important for the industry and for the industrial and manufacturing engineering..are of this field is manufacturing engineering and die designalso for the blanking dies and punches
this file is about the types of dies and also its manufacturing procedure.this is important for the industry and for the industrial and manufacturing engineering..are of this field is manufacturing engineering and die designalso for the blanking dies and punches
This presentation describes the cylindrical grinding process and types of operations and machines in this process, which is why useful topic B.Tech mechanical of fourth sem students. This explains about the overview on the external cylindrical grinding process.
MILLING – Cutting parameters, machine time calculation
Milling operation – Plain milling, side & face milling, form milling, gang milling, end milling, face milling, T slot milling, slitting
GEAR CUTTING – Gear cutting on milling machine – dividing head and indexing method, gear hobbing, principle of operation, advantages & limitation, hobbing tech, gear shaping, gear finishing process
PPT IS IMPORTANT FOR FE PUNE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS FOR SUBJECT BME. DETAILED DESCRIPTION IS GIVEN ABOUT LATHE MACHINE, DRILLING MACHINE AND GRINDING MACHINE
This presentation contains various aspects of metal cutting like mechanics of chip formation, single point cutting tool, chip breakers, types of chips,etc
The presentation provides an insight to the topic of grinding machines and abrasives. It introduces the topic in an easy and lucid way so that the viewers can easily grasp the concepts.
This presentation describes the cylindrical grinding process and types of operations and machines in this process, which is why useful topic B.Tech mechanical of fourth sem students. This explains about the overview on the external cylindrical grinding process.
MILLING – Cutting parameters, machine time calculation
Milling operation – Plain milling, side & face milling, form milling, gang milling, end milling, face milling, T slot milling, slitting
GEAR CUTTING – Gear cutting on milling machine – dividing head and indexing method, gear hobbing, principle of operation, advantages & limitation, hobbing tech, gear shaping, gear finishing process
PPT IS IMPORTANT FOR FE PUNE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS FOR SUBJECT BME. DETAILED DESCRIPTION IS GIVEN ABOUT LATHE MACHINE, DRILLING MACHINE AND GRINDING MACHINE
This presentation contains various aspects of metal cutting like mechanics of chip formation, single point cutting tool, chip breakers, types of chips,etc
The presentation provides an insight to the topic of grinding machines and abrasives. It introduces the topic in an easy and lucid way so that the viewers can easily grasp the concepts.
A STUDY ON MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION OF PLUNGE CENTERLESS GRINDING PROCESS IAEME Publication
Round component with the minimum value of surface roughness and roundness error is the goal of most of the fine machine processes. This paper presents the research on optimization of plunge centerless grinding process when grinding the 20X-carbon infiltration steel (ГOCT standard -
Russia) to achieve the minimum value of surface roughness and roundness errors. The input parameters are center height angle of the workpiece ( β ), longitudinal dressing feed-rate ( sd S ),plunge feed-rate ( k S ) and control wheel velocity ( dd v ) using the result of 29 sets in central composite design matrix to show the two second orders of surface rounghness and roundness error models.
Centre lathe, constructional features, specification, operations – taper turning methods, thread cutting methods, special attachments, machining time and power estimation. Capstan and turret lathes- tool layout – automatic lathes: semi automatic – single spindle : Swiss type, automatic screw type – multi spindle:
Centre lathe, constructional features, specification, operations – taper turning methods, thread
cutting methods, special attachments, machining time and power estimation. Capstan and turret
lathes- tool layout – automatic lathes: semi automatic – single spindle : Swiss type, automatic
screw type – multi spindle:
shaping, milling and gear cutting machineslaxtwinsme
Shaper – Types of operations. Drilling, reaming, boring, Tapping. Milling operations-types of milling cutter. Gear cutting – forming and generation principle and construction of gear milling ,hobbing and gear shaping processes –finishing of gears.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdf
Surface grinding and accessories
1. Grinding Process
• Workpiece brought into contact with
revolving grinding wheel
• Each small
abrasive grain on
periphery of
wheel acts as
individual cutting tool
and removes chip
of metal
2. General Rules for Grinding
1. Use silicon carbide wheel for low-tensile-
strength material and aluminum oxide
wheel for high-tensile-strength materials
2. Use hard wheel on soft materials and soft
wheel on hard materials
3. If wheel too hard, increase speed of work
or decrease speed of wheel to make it act
as softer wheel
3. 4. If wheel appears too soft or wears rapidly,
decrease speed of work or increase speed
of wheel
5. Glazed wheel will affect finish, accuracy,
and metal-removal rate.
• Main causes of wheel glazing are:
• Wheel speed too fast
• Work speed too slow
• Wheel too hard
• Grain too small
• Structure too dense
4. 6. If wheel wears too quickly, cause may be
any of the following:
1. Wheel too soft
2. Wheel speed too slow
3. Work speed too fast
4. Feedrate too great
5. Face of wheel too narrow
6. Surface of work interrupted by holes or
grooves
5. Surface Grinding
• Refers to production of flat, contoured, and
irregular surfaces on piece of work
– Passed against revolving grinding wheel
• Four distinct types of surface grinding
machines
– Horizontal spindle grinder, reciprocating table
– Horizontal spindle grinder, rotary table
– Vertical spindle grinder, reciprocating table
– Vertical spindle grinder, rotary table
6. Horizontal Spindle Reciprocating
Table Surface Grinder
• Most commonly used
• Either hand or hydraulically operated
• EZ-SURF® Grinder
– TEACH mode: operator can teach and program
up to 100 points for X and Z coordinates
– "Intelligent DRO": helps increase productivity,
improve accuracy and simplify grinding
operations
7. Parts of a Hydraulic
Surface Grinder
• Base
– Generally heavy cast-iron construction
– Usually contains hydraulic reservoir and pump to
operate table and power feeds
• Saddle
– Moved in or out across ways, manually or auto
• Table
– Mounted on top of saddle
– Ways for table at right angles to those on base
8. • Column
– Mounted on back of frame
– Contains ways for spindle housing and
wheelhead
– Wheelfeed handwheel provides means of
moving wheelhead vertically to set depth of cut
• Table traverse handwheel or hydraulic
control valve lever
– Means to control manually the reciprocating
action of table
9. • Stop dogs
– Mounted on side of table
– When strike table traverse reverse lever the
direction of table reversed
• Crossfeed handwheel
– Manual means for table to be fed toward or
away from column
• Power crossfeed control
– Automatic means for table to be fed toward or
away from column
10. 81-10
Guidelines for
Grinding Wheel Care
1. When not in use, store properly
2. Should be tested for cracks prior to use
3. Select proper type wheel for job
4. Should be properly mounted and operated
at recommended speed
11. 81-11
Procedure for Mounting a
Grinding Wheel
1. Test wheel to see that it is not cracked by ring
testing with handle of screwdriver
2. Clean grinding wheel adapter
3. Mount adapter through wheel and tighten
threaded flange
1. Place blotter on each side prior to mounting
2. Should be good fit on adapter or spindle
3. Diameter of flanges not less ½ wheel diameter
4. Tighten adapter flanges so holds firmly
12. Two Methods of
Balancing a Wheel
1. Static balancing
• Wheel balance off machine with use of
balancing stand and arbor
• Counterweights in wheel flange must be
correctly positioned in order to balance
1. Dynamic balancing
• Automatically balanced wheel while revolving
using ball-bearing balancing devices on
machine
13. Procedure To Balance a
Grinding Wheel
1. Mount wheel and adapter on surface
grinder and true wheel with diamond
dresser
2. Remove wheel assembly and mount
special tapered balancing arbor in hole of
adapter
3. Place wheel and arbor on balancing stand
that has been leveled
14. 4. Allow wheel to rotate until it stops
5. Rotate wheel and stop it at three positions:
one-quarter, one-half, and three-quarters
of a turn to check balance
6. Loosen setscrews in wheel
counterbalances, in grooved recess of
flange, and move counterbalances
opposite chalk mark
7. Check wheel in four positions (Steps 4, 5)
15. 8. Move counterbalances around groove
equal amount on each side of centerline
and check for balance again
9. Continue to move balances away from
heavy side until wheel remains stationary
at any position
10. Tighten counterbalances in place
16. Grinder Safety
1. Use the right wheel
2. Ring test the wheel before mounting
3. Always use mounting blotters
4. Tighten clamping nuts only enough to
prevent wheel from slipping
5. Be sure flanges are flat and free from
burrs and gouges
17. 6. Check arbor holes – wheel should slip
freely, not loosely, onto spindle arbor
7. Do not exceed maximum speed
8. Always use wheel guard supplied
9. Stand to one side whenever wheel started
10. Always wear safety glasses when grinding
18. Truing a Grinding Wheel
• Process of making grinding wheel round
and concentric with its spindle axis and
producing required form of shape on wheel
– Involves grinding of a portion of the abrasive
section of grinding wheel
19. Dressing a Grinding Wheel
• Operation of removing dull grains and metal
particles
• Exposes sharp cutting edges so cuts better
• Reasons for dressing wheel
– Reduce heat generated between work and wheel
– Reduce strain on grinding wheel and machine
– Improve surface finish and accuracy of work
– Increase rate of metal removal
20. Procedure To True and Dress a
Grinding Wheel
1. Check diamond for wear and if necessary,
turn it in holder to expose sharp cutting edge
2. Clean magnetic chuck thoroughly with cloth
3. Place piece of paper on left-hand end of
magnetic chuck
4. Place diamond holder on paper and energize
chuck
21. 5. Raise wheel above height of diamond
6. Move table longitudinally so diamond
is offset approximately ½ in. to left of
centerline of wheel
7. Adjust table laterally so diamond is
positioned under high point on face of
wheel
8. Start wheel revolving and carefully
lower wheel until high point touches
diamond
22. 9. Move table laterally, using crossfeed
handwheel to feed diamond across face
of wheel
10.Lower grinding wheel about .001 to .
002 in. per pass
• Rough-dress face of wheel until flat and
dressed all around circumference
9. Lower wheel .0005 in. and take several
passes across face of wheel
23. Helpful Ideas When Truing or
Dressing Grinding Wheels
1. To minimize wear on diamond, rough-
dress with abrasive stick
2. If coolant to be used during grinding, use
coolant when dressing wheel
3. Loaded wheel indicated by discoloration
of periphery or face – remove completely
4. If rapid removal of metal more important
than surface finish, do NOT finish-dress
24. Work-Holding Devices
• Work must be held in vise, held on V-blocks
or bolted directly to table for some surface-
grinding operations
• Most of ferrous work ground on surface
grinder held on magnetic chuck
– Clamped to table of grinder
25. Two Types Magnetic Chucks
• Electromagnetic chuck
– Uses electromagnets to provide holding power
– Advantages
• Holding power may be varied to suit area of contact
• Special switch neutralizes residual magnetism in
chuck
• Permanent magnetic chuck
– Holding power provide by means of permanent
magnets
26. Permanent Magnetic Chuck
Construction
• Base plate
– Provides base for chuck and means of
clamping it to table of grinder
• Grid (magnetic pack)
– Houses magnets and grid conductor bars
– Moved longitudinally by handle
• Case
– Houses grid assembly, permits longitudinal
movement, and provides oil reservoir for
lubrication
27. • Top plate
– Contains inserts or pole pieces separated
magnetically from surrounding plate by means
of white metal
• Necessary to conduct magnetic lines of flux
– Work place on face of chuck (top plate) and
handle moved to on position, grid conductors
bars and inserts in line
• Permits magnetic flux to pass through work
– Handle rotated 180º to off position
• Moves bars and inserts out of line so work not held
28. Magnetic Chuck Accessories
• Holding power of magnetic chuck
dependent of size of workpiece, area of
contact, and thickness of workpiece
• Adapter plate used to securely hold thin
work (less than ¼ in.)
• Magnetic chuck blocks provide means of
extending flux paths to hold workpieces that
cannot be held securely on chuck face
29. How to Make Magnetic Chuck
Blocks Last Longer
1. Clean thoroughly before and after use
2. Store in covered wooden box
3. Check frequently for accuracy and burrs
4. If regrinding necessary to restore
accuracy, take light cuts with dressed
wheel
30. More Work-Holding Devices
• Sine Chuck
– Use when required to grind angle on work
– Form of magnetic sine plate
• Double-faced tape
– Used for holding thin, nonmagnetic pieces on
chuck for grinding
– Two adhesive sides: places between chuck and
work
31. More Work-Holding Devices
• Magna-vise clamps
– Used when workpiece does not have large bearing
area on chuck or work nonmagnetic
– Consist of comblike bars attached to solid bar by
piece of spring steel
– Work placed on chuck surface between toothed
edges
• Special fixtures
– Used to hold nonmagnetic and odd-shaped work
32. Four Purposes of
Grinding Fluids
1. Reduction of grinding heat
2. Lubrication
3. Removal of swarf from cutting area
• Small metal chips and abrasive grains
1. Control of grinding dust
33. Types of Grinding Fluids
1. Soluble oil and water
• Milky solution applied by flooding surface
1. Soluble chemical grinding fluids and
water
• Used with "through-the-wheel" systems
• Contains rust inhibitors and bactericides
1. Straight oil grinding fluids
• Applied by flood system and used for high
finish, accuracy and long wheel life
34. Methods of Applying Coolants
• Flood system
– Coolant directed onto work by nozzle and recirculated
through system
• Through-the-wheel cooling
– Fluid pumped and discharged into dovetailed groove in
wheel flange (with holes), fluid forced through wheel
by centrifugal force
• Mist cooling system
– Atomizer principle: air passes through line, as passes
reservoir draws coolant and discharges it in vapor form
directed at point of contact
35. Factors Affecting Surface Finish
• Material being ground
• Amount of material being removed
• Grinding wheel selection
• Grinding wheel dressing
• Condition of machine
• Feed