Gauges are precision measurement tools used to ensure dimensional accuracy and interchangeability of manufactured components. There are several types of gauges classified by their design, including plug, ring, snap, and thread gauges. Key materials for gauges include high carbon steel and cemented carbides due to their hardness and wear resistance. Proper design of limit gauges involves allocating tolerances for manufacturing variability and wear over the gauge's lifespan.
Surface roughness metrology deals with basic terminology of surface,surface roughness indication methods,analysis of surface traces, measurement methods,surface roughness measuring instruments such as Stylus Probe Instrument, Profilometer, Tomlinson Surface Meter ,The Taylor-Hobson Talysurf etc.This is very useful for diploma,degree engineering students of mechanical,production,automobile branch
This presentation gives the information about Screw thread measurements and Gear measurement of the subject: Mechanical measurement and Metrology (10ME32/42) of VTU Syllabus covering unit-4.
Surface roughness metrology deals with basic terminology of surface,surface roughness indication methods,analysis of surface traces, measurement methods,surface roughness measuring instruments such as Stylus Probe Instrument, Profilometer, Tomlinson Surface Meter ,The Taylor-Hobson Talysurf etc.This is very useful for diploma,degree engineering students of mechanical,production,automobile branch
This presentation gives the information about Screw thread measurements and Gear measurement of the subject: Mechanical measurement and Metrology (10ME32/42) of VTU Syllabus covering unit-4.
Introduction to Mechanical Measurements and Metrology taruian
Introduction to Metrology: Definition, objectives of metrology, Material Standards, Wavelength Standards, Classification of standards, Line and End standards, Calibration of End bars. Numerical examples.
Presentation gives brief overview of Linear and angular measurements related to engineering, different types of instruments used for Linear and angular measurements such as vernier calipers ,micrometers,their types,non precision measuring instruments etc.
Introduction to Mechanical Measurements and Metrology taruian
Introduction to Metrology: Definition, objectives of metrology, Material Standards, Wavelength Standards, Classification of standards, Line and End standards, Calibration of End bars. Numerical examples.
Presentation gives brief overview of Linear and angular measurements related to engineering, different types of instruments used for Linear and angular measurements such as vernier calipers ,micrometers,their types,non precision measuring instruments etc.
These may be used as reference standards for transferring the dimension of the unit of length from the primary standard to gauge blocks of lower accuracy and for the verification and graduation of measuring apparatus. These are high carbon steel hardened, ground and lapped rectangular blocks, having cross sectional area 0f 30 mm
10mm. Their opposite faces are flat, parallel and are accurately the stated distance apart. The opposite faces are of such a high degree of surface finish, that when the blocks are pressed together with a slight twist by hand, they will wring together. They will remain firmly attached to each other. They are supplied in sets of 112 pieces down to 32 pieces. Due to properties of slip gauges, they are built up by, wringing into combination which gives size, varying by steps of 0.01 mm and the overall accuracy is of the order of 0.00025mm. Slip gauges with three basic forms are commonly found, these are rectangular, square with center hole, and square without center hole.
System of Limits, Fits, Tolerance and GaugingTushar Makvana
To satisfy the ever-increasing demand for accuracy, the parts have to be produced with a less dimensional variation.
Hence, the labour and machinery required to manufacture a part has become more expensive.
It is essential for the manufacturer to have an in-depth knowledge of the tolerances to manufacture parts economically but, at the same time, adhere to quality and reliability aspects.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
3. GAUGES
• Gauges perform an essential services in any
scheme of quantity production on an
interchangeable basis
• A gauge (or Limit Gauge) is a tool or instrument
to measure or compare a component.
• It is employed in the sense of an instrument
which having fixed dimension, is used to
determine whether the size of some
component exceeds or is less than the size of
the gauge itself
4. Gauges are used for dimensional control of
the component parts , their function being to
establish whether or not surface levels lie
within the zone specified by the designer.
Gauges must be manufactured & checked
with reference to standard of length, which in
turn is related to a fundamental length
standard. The standard of length is then
transferred through the gauge to the
component
5. The true value of a gauge is measured by its
accuracy & service life which, in turn,
depends on the workmanship & materials
used in its manufacture. Since all gauges are
continually subject to abrasive wear while in
use, the selection of the proper material is of
great importance
High carbon steel & alloy tool steels have
been the principal materials for manufacture
of such gauges
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. Classification
• According to design
– single limit and double limit gauges
– single ended and double ended gauges
– fixed and adjustable gauges
11.
12. Standard gauge
• If a gauge is made as an exact copy of the
mating part of the component to be checked
ex: bush for shaft
13. Limit gauge
• Used widely in industries
• For two permissible limits of the dimension of
a part
• Two gauges are required for two limits
• These are GO and NO GO gauges
• GO gauge foe MML
• NO GO for LML
14. Limit Gauge
• Limit gauges are made to the limits of the dimensions of
the part to be tested. There are two limit of dimensions,
so we need two limit gauge.
• ‘Go gauge’ should pass through or over a part while ‘Not
Go gauge 'should not pass through or over the part.
18. Types of limit plug gauges
1. Solid type
2. Renewable type – taper inserted type
3. Fastened type – single, double ended
4. Flat type
5. Progressive type
6. Pilot plug gauge
7. Combined dual purpose type
41. TAPER GAUGE
• The most satisfactory method of testing a
taper is to use taper gauges.
• They are also used to gauge the diameter of
the taper at some point.
• Taper gauges are made in both the plug and
ring styles and, in general, follow the same
standard construction as plug and ring gauges.
45. THREAD GAUGE
• Thread gauges are used to check the pitch
diameter of the thread.
• For checking internal threads (nut, bushes, etc.),
plug thread gauges are used, while for checking
external threads (screws, bolts, etc.), ring thread
gauges are used.
• Single-piece thread gauges serve for measuring
small diameters.
• For large diameters the gauges are made with
removable plugs machined with a tang.
48. FORM GAUGE
• Form gauges may be used to check the
contour of a profile of work piece for
conformance to certain shape or form
specifications.
Template Gauge
• It is made from sheet steel. It is also called
profile gauge. A profile gauge may contain two
outlines that represent the limits within which
a profile must lie
49.
50. SCREW PITCH GAUGE
• Screw pitch gauges are used in picking out a
required screw and for checking the pitch of the
screw threads.
• They consist of a number of flat blades which are
cut out to a given pitch and pivoted in a holder.
• Each blade is stamped with the pitch or number
of thread per inch and the holder bears an
identifying number designing the thread it is
intended for.
51.
52. RADIUS AND FILLET GAUGE
• The function of these gauges is to check the
radius of curvature of convex and concave
surfaces over a range from 1 to 25 mm.
• The gauges are made in sets of thin plates
curved to different radius at the ends.
• Each set consists of 16 convex and 16 concave
blades.
54. FEELER GAUGE
• Feeler gauges are used for checking clearances
between mating surfaces.
• They are made in form of a set of steel, precision
machined blade 0.03 to 1.0 mm thick and 100
mm long.
• Each blade has an indication of its thickness.
• To find the size of the clearance, one or two
blades are inserted and tried for a fit between the
contacting surfaces until blades of suitable
thickness are found.
56. INDICATING GAUGES
• Indicating gauges employ a means to magnify
how much a dimension deviates, plus or minus,
from a given standard to which the gauge has
been set.
• They are intended for measuring errors in
geometrical form and size, and for testing
surfaces for their true position with respect to
one another.
• Indicating gauges can be of a dial or lever type.
57. Materials which are used for making gauges are high carbon and
alloy steels, cemented carbides, etc.
58.
59. 59
Taylor’s Principle
• Go Gauge should always be so designed that
it will cover the Maximum Metal
Condition(MMC) of as many dimensions as
possible in the same limit gauge,
whereas Not Go gauge to cover the minimum
metal condition of one dimension only.
60.
61.
62. 62
Design of Limit Gauge
• Allocation of Tolerance
– Manufacturing Tolerance
– Wear Allowance
• Taylor’s Principle of gauge Design
• Fixing of Gauge elements with handles
– Taper lock design
– Trilock Design
• Provision of Guards
• Provision of Pilot Correct Centering
• Materials
• Hardness and Surface finish
• Rigidity
• Alignment of Gauge faces
63. 63
Allocation of Tolerance
Manufacturing Tolerance
• It is economically impractical to attempt to make “Go” and “Not Go”
gauges exactly to the two limits of work tolerance.
• Limit gauges are made 10 times more accurate than the tolerances
they are going to control.
65. 65
Allocation of Tolerance
Wear Allowance
• The surface of “Go” gauge is constantly rub
against the surface of the part in inspection and loose
their initial size.
• The size of plug gauge is reduced but size of snap
gauge is increased.
• 10% wear allowance is provided only for the “GO”
gauge if working tolerance is greater than 0.09 mm.
67. 67
KEY WORDS
Standard Gauges : These are made to the nominal size of the parts to
be tested.
Limit Gauges : These are „go‟ and „no go‟ gauges.
Plug Gauges : These are used for checking holes of many different
shapes and sizes.
Ring Gauges : External diameter measuring gauges.
Taper Gauges : Taper testing gauges.
Snap Gauges : These are used for checking shafts.
Thread Gauges : These are used for pitch diameter of the thread.
Form Gauges : These are used to check the contour of a profile.
Feller Gauges : For checking the clearance between the mating
surfaces.
Indicating Gauges : To measure the position of the surfaces.