Mechanics of chip formation, single point cutting tool, forces in machining, Types of chip, cutting
tools– nomenclature, orthogonal metal cutting, thermal aspects, cutting tool materials, tool wear,
tool life, surface finish, cutting fluids and Machinability
Mechanics of chip formation, single point cutting tool, forces in machining, Types of chip, cutting
tools– nomenclature, orthogonal metal cutting, thermal aspects, cutting tool materials, tool wear,
tool life, surface finish, cutting fluids and Machinability
MILLING – Cutting parameters, machine time calculation
Milling operation – Plain milling, side & face milling, form milling, gang milling, end milling, face milling, T slot milling, slitting
GEAR CUTTING – Gear cutting on milling machine – dividing head and indexing method, gear hobbing, principle of operation, advantages & limitation, hobbing tech, gear shaping, gear finishing process
Centre lathe, constructional features, specification, operations – taper turning methods, thread
cutting methods, special attachments, machining time and power estimation. Capstan and turret
lathes- tool layout – automatic lathes: semi automatic – single spindle : Swiss type, automatic
screw type – multi spindle:
MILLING – Cutting parameters, machine time calculation
Milling operation – Plain milling, side & face milling, form milling, gang milling, end milling, face milling, T slot milling, slitting
GEAR CUTTING – Gear cutting on milling machine – dividing head and indexing method, gear hobbing, principle of operation, advantages & limitation, hobbing tech, gear shaping, gear finishing process
Centre lathe, constructional features, specification, operations – taper turning methods, thread
cutting methods, special attachments, machining time and power estimation. Capstan and turret
lathes- tool layout – automatic lathes: semi automatic – single spindle : Swiss type, automatic
screw type – multi spindle:
Shaper - Types of operations. Drilling, reaming, boring, Tapping. Milling operations-types of milling cutter. Gear cutting – forming and generation principle and construction of gear milling, hobbing and gear shaping processes –finishing of gears.
Metrology Measurements and All units PPTdinesh babu
Metrology is the science of measurement, embracing both experimental and theoretical determinations at any level of uncertainty in any field of science and technology
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
2. SYLLABUS
Centre lathe, constructional features,
specification, operations – taper turning
methods, thread cutting methods, special
attachments, machining time and power
estimation. Capstan and turret lathes- tool
layout – automatic lathes: semi automatic
– single spindle: Swiss type, automatic
screw type – multi spindle: cutting off,
bar type.
3. INTRODUCTION
• Lathe is the most important machine used in any
work shop. like from small scale industry to large
scale industry.
• A Lathe removes metal from rotating the workpiece
by using single point cutting tool.
• The parts to machined can be held b/w two rigid
supports called live and dead centre's.
• The tool is moved perpendicular to work piece axis to
produce a flat surface.
• The tool is moved at an angle to work piece axis to
produce tapered surface.
4. VARIOUS OPERATIONS
The following operations can be done
by using lathe. There are: turning,
taper turning, eccentric turning,
chamfering, facing, drilling, boring,
reaming, tapping, knurling, forming,
grooving, polishing, spinning and
thread cutting.
8. PARTS OF A LATHE
• BED
• HEAD STOCK
• TAIL STOCK
• CARRIAGE
• FEED MECHANISM
9. LATHE BED
Its the base of the
machine.
Its made up of
cast iron alloyed
with nickel and
chromium.
It has v and
dovetail guide
ways.
10. Lathe bed
Accurately machined
slideways
Slideways guide carriage
& tailstock
Headstock on upper end
of the lathe bed
11. Head stock
Headstock
Holds lathe spindle
and gears
Chuck is fitted to
spindle
Spindle is hollow for
long bars
Its having driving and
speed changing
mechanism
A live centre is
attached to the spindle
in the head stock.
So its called live centre
12. Tailstock
Can be moved along
slideways
Can be clamped
in any location
Inside tapered
to hold drill chuck
16. .
• Feed shaft
Used to move the
Carriage
automatically
• Lead screw
Used when screw
cutting on the
lathe
17. Cross slide
Fitted on the Saddle
Moves cutting tool at
right angles to lathe
bed
18. Top Slide (Compound slide)
Fitted to top of Cross slide
Carries toolpost and cutting
tool
Can rotate to any angle
Is used to turn tapers
19. Chucks
• Three Jaw Chuck
Self centring
Holds round and
hexagonal work
3 jaws are connected
Jaws are stamped 1,2 & 3
and fitted in order
Chuck key used to open
20. Tool post
Fitted on top slide and
carries the cutting tool
or the cutting tool
holder
Can adjust the height
on some types
Can carry 4 different
tool holders
26. SPECIFICATION
The size of the lathe
specified as follows
•Length of bed
•Distance b/w centers
•Height of centers from bed
•Swing over the bed
•Width of the bed
•Spindle bore
•Spindle speed
•Swing over the cross slide
29. 1. SPEED LATHE
It’s a simplest lathe.
It consist of head stock , bed ,tailstock and
adjustable slides.
It can be operated at various speeds.
The speed range is from 1200 – 3600 rpm.
Used for wood working, spinning and
polishing
31. ENGINE LATHE
• In earlier days it was driven by steam engine
and hence its called engine lathe
• It has lead screw , feed rod , head stock ,
speed change gears and everything provided.
• Its used for turning, taper turning , threading,
drilling, knurling, reaming and forming.
33. 3. BENCH LATHE
Its mounted on a bench
It’s a small size lathe for small and accurate machining operations.
34. 4.TOOL ROOM LATHE
It consist of all necessary attachments
required for precision and accurate
machining.
It has more variety of speed and feed
ranges
It has taper turning attachments, quick
change gear mechanism, steady rest,
coolant pump, micrometer stop… etc
This lathe is costly due to its high
precision and accuracy in operation.
35. 5.SEMI AUTOMATIC LATHE
Some operations done
manually and some
operations done
automatically
Example : capstan and turret
lathe
Its mainly used for mass production
It has heavier head stock, more speed and feed
For certain usage they removed the tail stock and mounted a turret head
For mass production– they using two tool post along with turret head
36. Automatic lathe
All the operations are done automatically
( Loading ,unloading and tool changing )
It has a cam shaft with number of cams
used to change the feed , speed and tool
in the operation.
Its mainly used in mass production.
Initial setting only done by worker. So one
operator can work more than one
machine at a time.
So machining time is less.
37. SPECIAL PURPOSE LATHE
• For doing some special type of products in
operations we need some extra set up in the
lathe. That kind of special set up lathe is called
special purpose lathe.
38. COPYING LATHE
• The tool in the lathe follows a template through a tracer.
• The tracer is connected to the cutting tool through cutting devices.
• According to the tracer movement, the tool moves to machine the job.
40. 1. Back geared mechanism
For having slow speed running in spindle in tread cutting and knurling
we go for back geared mechanism
41. Working of back geared head stock
• For normal operation the bull gear is locked with
pulley
• For having slow speed the lock is released and the
lever L is pulled to connect B1 with pulley pinon.
• So now the power moves from P1 to B1 and then B2
to P2
• Like wise the speed is reduced.
43. ALL GEARED HEAD STOCK
•It give wide range of speeds
•Its more efficient and compact than cone pulley mechanism
•Power available at the tool is almost constant for all spindle speeds
•Belt shifted is eliminated.
•The vibration in the spindle is reduced
•More power can be transmitted.
44. FEED MECHANISM
• Feed is defined as the movement of tool
relative to the work
• This feed mechanism used to transmit power
from spindle to the carriage.
• It convert rotary motion of spindle in to linear
motion of table
45. Types of feeds
• Longitudinal feed : Tool movement parallel to lathe axis
This is for moving carriage
• Cross feed : The movement of tool perpendicular to lathe
axis
This is for movement of cross slide
• Angular feed : The tool movement at an angle to lathe axis
This is for the movement of compound rest
47. working
• It has three lever position in its arrangements.
the gear A and B are in a bracket.
• By changing the position of lever the gear A or B
going to connect with the spindle gear.
• If gear A connected with spindle gear means , the
rotational power moves from spindle gear c - A – D –
E – F of lead screw. Here the lead screw rotates same
to spindle direction. So the carriage will move from
left to right.
• If the gear B connects with spindle gear c then the
rotational power transmitted from C- B –A –D-E-F .
Here the lead screw rotates opposite to spindle
direction. So the carriage will move from right to left
99. Tumbler gear quick change gear box
• It’s the simplest form of quick gear box
• The different speed of the driving shaft
obtained by tumbler gear and cone gear
arrangement.
• The driving shaft has many cone gears and the
driven shaft has sliding gears.
• The sliding gears are keyed to driven shaft
which is connected to lead screw or feed rod.
• By sliding the gears through tumbler gear we
get different speeds.
103. working
• The lead screw and feed rod get power from spindle.
• Power transmitted from feed rod to the worm wheel through
gears A,B,C,D and worm
• A splined shaft is attached to the worm wheel. This shaft
always engaged with gear F and G which is keyed to feed
check shaft.
104. WORK HOLDING DEVICES
• CHUCKS
• CENTRES
• FACE PLATE
• ANGLE PLATE
• MANDRELS
• STEADY AND FOLLOWER REST
105. WORK HOLDING DEVICES
- CHUCKS
• Its used to hold work piece of small length and
large diameters (L< 4D)
• Its also used to hold irregular jobs
• The chuck is attached to the headstock spindle
of the lathe.
• Types - 3 jaw – self centering
- 4 jaw – independent centering
- Magnetic chuck
106. 3 jaw chuck
• It’s a self centering type of internal
mechanism chuck.
• All the three jaws moves at a same time to
hold cylindrical jobs.
107. 4 jaw chuck
• Each jaws moves separately
• It has a slot at the back, when the key is
turned the jaw move separately.
• So we can easily hold the irregular jobs
• These jobs also used to hold the hollow
work pieces by reversing its position
108. Magnetic chuck
• It’s a easiest way of catching the work piece in
the chuck.
• The plates are electro magnetized during the
process.
• So its only used for Magnetic material only
109. WORK HOLDING DEVICES
- CENTRES
• The long shafts can be held between the
centers.
• Catch plate and dog carrier is used to hold the
job between centers.
• The live center in the head stock and dead
center in the tail stock are used to hold the
work piece.
• A small drill is made in the work piece ends for
having perfect contact of centers with work
piece.
111. • It’s a circular cast iron disc with 4 T- Slots and
number of plain radial slots.
• These slots used to holt the w/p by clamps
and bolts.
• Its highly efficient to hold asymmetrical work
of complex and irregular shape work piece.
• When the spindle rotates, the face plate will
also be rotated and the work will rotate.
WORK HOLDING DEVICES
- FACE PLATE
113. • Its a perfectly machined faces right angled to
each other, made up of cast iron block.
• It has slots and holes in the faces.
• So one of the face is mounted on face plate
and the work piece is mounted on other face.
• Counter weights are fixed to balance the
weight of the w/p , when its fixed eccentrically
as shown in figure.
• Its mainly used to hold the elbow pieces.
WORK HOLDING DEVICES
- ANGLE PLATE
115. • Its used to hold the hollow pieces
• The inside diameter of the w/p is equal to the
outside diameter of the w/p.
• The work mounted with the mandrel is held
between the centers.
WORK HOLDING DEVICES
- MANDRELS
117. • Its fixed in the bed of the lathe by clamp and
bolts
• The w/p is supported by 3 jaws of the
arrangement.
• The longer work pieces are machined using
this type of arrangements.
• We can fix the steady rest any where in the
lathe bed according to the length of the job.
WORK HOLDING DEVICES
- STEADY REST
119. • Its mounted on the saddle.
• So when the carriage with the tool moves ,
the set up also moving along the w/p.
• So it give continuous support to the work
piece.
WORK HOLDING DEVICES
- FOLLOWER REST
125. Parting off
• If the workers wants to cut
off the part they have
turned, they can use the
hacksaw and a vice or use
the parting off tool on the
lathe.
126. Screw-cutting on the lathe
• Lathes are also used
to cut threads in
round bars
• These threads take up
different profiles e.g
iso (60°) ACME etc.
• These threads can be
seen on bench vices,
lathes etc.