Broaching is a machining process where a broach tool with multiple cutting teeth is pushed or pulled through a workpiece to cut it into the desired shape. Broaching provides good dimensional accuracy and surface finish. There are different types of broaching machines like horizontal, vertical pull, continuous, and rotary table machines. Broaching is used to manufacture precision components like bearing caps, gears, and splines. It provides interchangeability but the initial costs of broaches and machines are high.
This document discusses different types of machining equipment - shaper machines, slotter machines, and planer machines. It describes the main parts and working principles of each. Shaper machines cut flat surfaces using a reciprocating single-point cutting tool. Slotter machines can make slots and are similar to vertical shapers. Planer machines flatten large surfaces using a stationary cutting tool and reciprocating worktable. The document provides classifications and variations for each type of machine.
This document provides information about milling and grinding machines. It defines milling as a metal cutting process that removes material from a workpiece using a revolving cutting tool called a milling cutter. It also defines grinding as an abrasive machining process that removes a thin layer of material from a workpiece through the abrasive action of rotating grinding wheels. The document then describes various types of milling machines like horizontal milling machines and vertical milling machines. It also discusses grinding machines, abrasives, bonding materials, and different grinding operations like surface grinding and cylindrical grinding. Overall, the document presents an overview of milling and grinding processes and machines.
This document provides information about three types of machine tools: shaper, slotter, and planer. It describes their main parts and functions. A shaper cuts flat surfaces using a reciprocating single-point cutting tool. A slotter shapes vertical surfaces in a reciprocating ram. A planer cuts flat surfaces using horizontal strokes of a cutting tool across a workpiece. The document outlines the key differences between a shaper and planer.
Gears are used to transmit power and motion between shafts. There are several types of gears including spur gears, helical gears, herringbone gears, worm gears, bevel gears, rack and pinion gears, and internal gears. Gears can be produced through forming methods like milling or shaping that use cutters with the same tooth form as the gear. They can also be produced through generating methods like hobbing that use cutters with involute teeth to cut gears of the same module. Forming is less accurate while generating provides higher accuracy and productivity.
1) Super finishing processes such as honing, lapping, and super finishing are used to remove grinding defects from parts, obtain a desired surface finish, and improve geometry.
2) Finishing methods can involve material removal using fine machining, honing, and lapping, or forming without removal using glazing, blasting, and tumbling.
3) Specific super finishing processes include honing using abrasive stones, hand lapping by moving a workpiece on an abrasive plate, and machine lapping using a rotating table and rotating laps above and below the workpiece.
The shaper is a machine tool that uses a reciprocating single-point cutting tool to machine flat surfaces on workpieces secured to a stationary table. The tool is mounted on a ram that moves back and forth, cutting on the forward stroke and returning idle on the back stroke. Key components include the base, ram, clapper box, table, saddle, column, and toolhead. The toolhead can be rotated or adjusted vertically to cut at angles or vary the depth of cut. Common operations include machining square edges, side surfaces, and cutting gear teeth.
Broaching is a machining process where a broach tool with multiple cutting teeth is pushed or pulled through a workpiece to cut it into the desired shape. Broaching provides good dimensional accuracy and surface finish. There are different types of broaching machines like horizontal, vertical pull, continuous, and rotary table machines. Broaching is used to manufacture precision components like bearing caps, gears, and splines. It provides interchangeability but the initial costs of broaches and machines are high.
This document discusses different types of machining equipment - shaper machines, slotter machines, and planer machines. It describes the main parts and working principles of each. Shaper machines cut flat surfaces using a reciprocating single-point cutting tool. Slotter machines can make slots and are similar to vertical shapers. Planer machines flatten large surfaces using a stationary cutting tool and reciprocating worktable. The document provides classifications and variations for each type of machine.
This document provides information about milling and grinding machines. It defines milling as a metal cutting process that removes material from a workpiece using a revolving cutting tool called a milling cutter. It also defines grinding as an abrasive machining process that removes a thin layer of material from a workpiece through the abrasive action of rotating grinding wheels. The document then describes various types of milling machines like horizontal milling machines and vertical milling machines. It also discusses grinding machines, abrasives, bonding materials, and different grinding operations like surface grinding and cylindrical grinding. Overall, the document presents an overview of milling and grinding processes and machines.
This document provides information about three types of machine tools: shaper, slotter, and planer. It describes their main parts and functions. A shaper cuts flat surfaces using a reciprocating single-point cutting tool. A slotter shapes vertical surfaces in a reciprocating ram. A planer cuts flat surfaces using horizontal strokes of a cutting tool across a workpiece. The document outlines the key differences between a shaper and planer.
Gears are used to transmit power and motion between shafts. There are several types of gears including spur gears, helical gears, herringbone gears, worm gears, bevel gears, rack and pinion gears, and internal gears. Gears can be produced through forming methods like milling or shaping that use cutters with the same tooth form as the gear. They can also be produced through generating methods like hobbing that use cutters with involute teeth to cut gears of the same module. Forming is less accurate while generating provides higher accuracy and productivity.
1) Super finishing processes such as honing, lapping, and super finishing are used to remove grinding defects from parts, obtain a desired surface finish, and improve geometry.
2) Finishing methods can involve material removal using fine machining, honing, and lapping, or forming without removal using glazing, blasting, and tumbling.
3) Specific super finishing processes include honing using abrasive stones, hand lapping by moving a workpiece on an abrasive plate, and machine lapping using a rotating table and rotating laps above and below the workpiece.
The shaper is a machine tool that uses a reciprocating single-point cutting tool to machine flat surfaces on workpieces secured to a stationary table. The tool is mounted on a ram that moves back and forth, cutting on the forward stroke and returning idle on the back stroke. Key components include the base, ram, clapper box, table, saddle, column, and toolhead. The toolhead can be rotated or adjusted vertically to cut at angles or vary the depth of cut. Common operations include machining square edges, side surfaces, and cutting gear teeth.
Machining by broaching removes material in one stroke using a broach tool with gradually increasing cutting teeth. Broaching is used to make holes, slots, gears, and other precision components. Broaching machines come in horizontal and vertical configurations and can be single-station or multi-station. Broaching provides high productivity and precision compared to other machining methods for suitable applications.
This document discusses various gear manufacturing methods including forming processes like extrusion, stamping, and powder metallurgy as well as machining processes like gear shaping, hobbing, and other gear cutting methods. Extrusion can produce gears of any tooth shape in high volumes but is generally used for smaller non-ferrous gears. Stamping is best for low cost, low precision production while powder metallurgy allows for customizable material properties and reduces machining. Gear shaping and hobbing are true generating processes that cut gear teeth through the motion of cutting tools. Hobbing produces the most accurate gears due to averaging of errors across multiple teeth cuts.
This document provides an overview of blacksmithing and forging processes. It discusses that blacksmiths produce objects from metal using hand tools or power tools after heating the metal. The main forging processes covered are open die forging, impression die forging, and closed forging. Key forging operations like upsetting, drawing down, punching, and bending are also summarized. The document outlines common forging materials and various heating devices used like furnaces. Important hand tools for blacksmithing like hammers, tongs, chisels, and swages are also described.
Honing is an abrasive machining process that produces a precision surface on a metal work piece by scrubbing an abrasive stone against it along a controlled path.
Honing is primarily used to improve the geometric form of a surface, but may also improve the surface texture.
The document discusses tools used in a fitting shop. It describes various measuring tools like calipers and micrometers used to measure dimensions accurately. Marking and layout tools like scriber, center punch and surface plate are used for marking out on workpieces. Holding tools like vices and clamps are used to securely hold workpieces during operations. Cutting tools include files for shaping, hacksaws for cutting, drills for making holes and taps and dies for cutting threads. Measuring, layout, holding, cutting and other operations are performed in the fitting shop to complete projects to the required accuracy and specifications.
The document describes a planer machine, which is used to generate flat surfaces and cut slots. It moves the entire workpiece beneath the cutting head on a reciprocating table. The main parts of a planer include the bed, table, column, cross rail, and tool head. The bed supports the machine and table, which holds the workpiece. The column and cross rail guide the reciprocating motion of the table and movement of the tool head, which can have multiple cutting tools. Planer operations include planing horizontal and vertical surfaces as well as slots. Safety precautions must be followed when using the heavy machinery.
The document describes different types of shaper mechanisms including crank shapers, geared shapers, hydraulic shapers, horizontal shapers, and vertical shapers. It then provides details on the main components of a shaper including the base, body, cross rail, saddle, ram, tool head, and tool post. Finally, it explains different mechanisms used for reciprocating motion of the ram including crank and slotted link mechanisms, Whitworth quick return mechanism, and hydraulic shaper mechanism.
Grinding is an abrasive machining process that uses a rotating abrasive wheel to remove material from a workpiece through its cutting action. It can achieve very high accuracies and fine surface finishes. There are two main types - precision grinding for accurate dimensions and surface grinding, and non-precision grinding for roughing operations. The grinding wheel consists of abrasive grains bonded together using a bonding material and is precisely balanced for high-speed rotation. Process parameters like abrasive type, grain size, bonding material and wheel grade are selected based on the material and precision requirements.
This document discusses different types of grinding machines and grinding processes. It begins with an introduction to grinding and then covers:
1. The principle of grinding involves abrasive particles on a rotating wheel removing material from the workpiece.
2. Types of grinding include rough and precision grinding. Classification of grinding machines includes bench, surface, cylindrical, centerless, internal, and special purpose grinding machines.
3. The various elements of a grinding wheel such as abrasives, bonds, and structure are described. Wheel shapes, coding systems, and methods for dressing grinding wheels are also outlined.
This document discusses different types of grinding machines and grinding processes. It describes rough and precision grinders, including cylindrical, internal, surface, and special grinders. The document also covers abrasives like aluminum oxide and silicon carbide, bonds for grinding wheels, wheel markings, specifications, selection factors, mounting, dressing, truing, balancing, and diamond wheels.
Study of forging , its classification & typesUmair Raza
Forging is the process of shaping heated metal by applying blows or pressure. It makes use of metal's plasticity and can produce parts ranging from bolts to turbine rotors. Common forging operations include edging, drawing, piercing, fullering, and swaging. Forging can be classified by equipment like hammers and presses, and by process like open-die, closed-die, drop forging, and press forging. Forging produces stronger parts than casting or machining and improves material properties like strength and toughness. However, forging requires significant capital costs and heating furnaces. Common forged parts include bolts, gears, crankshafts, and connecting rods.
Manufacturing Technology , Bending Process .
Tackles mainly about the definition of Bending process, how does it work, the machines & equipment used to make it work and the application of Bending on manufacturing Industries.
Please Don't forget to Like before you download the presentation.
A reamer is a rotary cutting tool used to enlarge a previously drilled or bored hole to a high degree of accuracy and smooth finish. Reamers are made from heat treated steels or hard materials like tungsten carbide and diamond. There are various types of reamers including straight, hand, machine, rose, shell, tapered, and combination reamers. Reaming is performed on a lathe by mounting the workpiece and drilling or boring the hole slightly undersized, then mounting the reamer and slowly feeding it into the hole while applying cutting fluid to enlarge the hole to the final size.
This presentation contains various aspects of metal cutting like mechanics of chip formation, single point cutting tool, chip breakers, types of chips,etc
This document provides information about various machining processes and machine tools. It describes machining as a metal removing process using machine tools and cutting tools. Lathe machines are commonly used to produce cylindrical surfaces and other operations like turning, drilling, boring, etc. Other machine tools discussed include milling machines, drilling machines, grinding machines, shaping machines, and planning machines. The document provides detailed descriptions of various operations that can be performed on these machines.
The document discusses theories of metal machining and chip formation. It describes how early theories like the theory of tear and theory of compression were later disproven. The generally accepted theory today is the theory of shear, which proposes that metal cutting occurs through shear along a plane at an angle to the cutting direction. The document also outlines the difficulties in studying metal cutting processes and how orthogonal cutting experiments were developed to simplify the analysis.
Boring machine TYPES and diagrams..from NARAYANAN L,.......AP/mechnaanmech123
This document discusses different types of boring machines used to enlarge holes through turning operations. It describes horizontal boring machines, vertical boring machines, precision boring machines, and jig boring machines. Key components of boring machines are also identified, including the bed, floor plate, base, table, column, head stock, end supporting column, and cross rail. A jig boring machine is highlighted as a precision machine used for boring accurate holes at proper center-to-center distances within a tolerance of 0.0025mm.
This document discusses lathe operations and provides details on various operations like facing, turning, knurling, parting off, drilling, boring, thread cutting, and taper turning. It explains the basic principles and methods for each operation. The objective of the course is to help students understand different types of lathes, lathe operations, work holders, tool holders, lathe attachments, and automatic lathes. The outcome is for students to be able to use lathe machines and understand the importance of lathe tools and lathes. [/SUMMARY]
this presentation is about various types of finishing process such as lapping,honing,super finishing ,polishing which performed after the work primary operations are completed.and these various methods are known as secondary operations.
This presentation discusses various surface finishing processes. It provides details on honing, lapping, and super finishing. Honing uses an abrasive stone to improve the geometric form and surface texture of metal workpieces. Lapping rubs two surfaces together with an abrasive to achieve high precision and smooth finishes. Super finishing removes undesirable metal fragments to leave a smooth crystalline base. Each process is used to produce precise surfaces and dimensions for parts.
Machining by broaching removes material in one stroke using a broach tool with gradually increasing cutting teeth. Broaching is used to make holes, slots, gears, and other precision components. Broaching machines come in horizontal and vertical configurations and can be single-station or multi-station. Broaching provides high productivity and precision compared to other machining methods for suitable applications.
This document discusses various gear manufacturing methods including forming processes like extrusion, stamping, and powder metallurgy as well as machining processes like gear shaping, hobbing, and other gear cutting methods. Extrusion can produce gears of any tooth shape in high volumes but is generally used for smaller non-ferrous gears. Stamping is best for low cost, low precision production while powder metallurgy allows for customizable material properties and reduces machining. Gear shaping and hobbing are true generating processes that cut gear teeth through the motion of cutting tools. Hobbing produces the most accurate gears due to averaging of errors across multiple teeth cuts.
This document provides an overview of blacksmithing and forging processes. It discusses that blacksmiths produce objects from metal using hand tools or power tools after heating the metal. The main forging processes covered are open die forging, impression die forging, and closed forging. Key forging operations like upsetting, drawing down, punching, and bending are also summarized. The document outlines common forging materials and various heating devices used like furnaces. Important hand tools for blacksmithing like hammers, tongs, chisels, and swages are also described.
Honing is an abrasive machining process that produces a precision surface on a metal work piece by scrubbing an abrasive stone against it along a controlled path.
Honing is primarily used to improve the geometric form of a surface, but may also improve the surface texture.
The document discusses tools used in a fitting shop. It describes various measuring tools like calipers and micrometers used to measure dimensions accurately. Marking and layout tools like scriber, center punch and surface plate are used for marking out on workpieces. Holding tools like vices and clamps are used to securely hold workpieces during operations. Cutting tools include files for shaping, hacksaws for cutting, drills for making holes and taps and dies for cutting threads. Measuring, layout, holding, cutting and other operations are performed in the fitting shop to complete projects to the required accuracy and specifications.
The document describes a planer machine, which is used to generate flat surfaces and cut slots. It moves the entire workpiece beneath the cutting head on a reciprocating table. The main parts of a planer include the bed, table, column, cross rail, and tool head. The bed supports the machine and table, which holds the workpiece. The column and cross rail guide the reciprocating motion of the table and movement of the tool head, which can have multiple cutting tools. Planer operations include planing horizontal and vertical surfaces as well as slots. Safety precautions must be followed when using the heavy machinery.
The document describes different types of shaper mechanisms including crank shapers, geared shapers, hydraulic shapers, horizontal shapers, and vertical shapers. It then provides details on the main components of a shaper including the base, body, cross rail, saddle, ram, tool head, and tool post. Finally, it explains different mechanisms used for reciprocating motion of the ram including crank and slotted link mechanisms, Whitworth quick return mechanism, and hydraulic shaper mechanism.
Grinding is an abrasive machining process that uses a rotating abrasive wheel to remove material from a workpiece through its cutting action. It can achieve very high accuracies and fine surface finishes. There are two main types - precision grinding for accurate dimensions and surface grinding, and non-precision grinding for roughing operations. The grinding wheel consists of abrasive grains bonded together using a bonding material and is precisely balanced for high-speed rotation. Process parameters like abrasive type, grain size, bonding material and wheel grade are selected based on the material and precision requirements.
This document discusses different types of grinding machines and grinding processes. It begins with an introduction to grinding and then covers:
1. The principle of grinding involves abrasive particles on a rotating wheel removing material from the workpiece.
2. Types of grinding include rough and precision grinding. Classification of grinding machines includes bench, surface, cylindrical, centerless, internal, and special purpose grinding machines.
3. The various elements of a grinding wheel such as abrasives, bonds, and structure are described. Wheel shapes, coding systems, and methods for dressing grinding wheels are also outlined.
This document discusses different types of grinding machines and grinding processes. It describes rough and precision grinders, including cylindrical, internal, surface, and special grinders. The document also covers abrasives like aluminum oxide and silicon carbide, bonds for grinding wheels, wheel markings, specifications, selection factors, mounting, dressing, truing, balancing, and diamond wheels.
Study of forging , its classification & typesUmair Raza
Forging is the process of shaping heated metal by applying blows or pressure. It makes use of metal's plasticity and can produce parts ranging from bolts to turbine rotors. Common forging operations include edging, drawing, piercing, fullering, and swaging. Forging can be classified by equipment like hammers and presses, and by process like open-die, closed-die, drop forging, and press forging. Forging produces stronger parts than casting or machining and improves material properties like strength and toughness. However, forging requires significant capital costs and heating furnaces. Common forged parts include bolts, gears, crankshafts, and connecting rods.
Manufacturing Technology , Bending Process .
Tackles mainly about the definition of Bending process, how does it work, the machines & equipment used to make it work and the application of Bending on manufacturing Industries.
Please Don't forget to Like before you download the presentation.
A reamer is a rotary cutting tool used to enlarge a previously drilled or bored hole to a high degree of accuracy and smooth finish. Reamers are made from heat treated steels or hard materials like tungsten carbide and diamond. There are various types of reamers including straight, hand, machine, rose, shell, tapered, and combination reamers. Reaming is performed on a lathe by mounting the workpiece and drilling or boring the hole slightly undersized, then mounting the reamer and slowly feeding it into the hole while applying cutting fluid to enlarge the hole to the final size.
This presentation contains various aspects of metal cutting like mechanics of chip formation, single point cutting tool, chip breakers, types of chips,etc
This document provides information about various machining processes and machine tools. It describes machining as a metal removing process using machine tools and cutting tools. Lathe machines are commonly used to produce cylindrical surfaces and other operations like turning, drilling, boring, etc. Other machine tools discussed include milling machines, drilling machines, grinding machines, shaping machines, and planning machines. The document provides detailed descriptions of various operations that can be performed on these machines.
The document discusses theories of metal machining and chip formation. It describes how early theories like the theory of tear and theory of compression were later disproven. The generally accepted theory today is the theory of shear, which proposes that metal cutting occurs through shear along a plane at an angle to the cutting direction. The document also outlines the difficulties in studying metal cutting processes and how orthogonal cutting experiments were developed to simplify the analysis.
Boring machine TYPES and diagrams..from NARAYANAN L,.......AP/mechnaanmech123
This document discusses different types of boring machines used to enlarge holes through turning operations. It describes horizontal boring machines, vertical boring machines, precision boring machines, and jig boring machines. Key components of boring machines are also identified, including the bed, floor plate, base, table, column, head stock, end supporting column, and cross rail. A jig boring machine is highlighted as a precision machine used for boring accurate holes at proper center-to-center distances within a tolerance of 0.0025mm.
This document discusses lathe operations and provides details on various operations like facing, turning, knurling, parting off, drilling, boring, thread cutting, and taper turning. It explains the basic principles and methods for each operation. The objective of the course is to help students understand different types of lathes, lathe operations, work holders, tool holders, lathe attachments, and automatic lathes. The outcome is for students to be able to use lathe machines and understand the importance of lathe tools and lathes. [/SUMMARY]
this presentation is about various types of finishing process such as lapping,honing,super finishing ,polishing which performed after the work primary operations are completed.and these various methods are known as secondary operations.
This presentation discusses various surface finishing processes. It provides details on honing, lapping, and super finishing. Honing uses an abrasive stone to improve the geometric form and surface texture of metal workpieces. Lapping rubs two surfaces together with an abrasive to achieve high precision and smooth finishes. Super finishing removes undesirable metal fragments to leave a smooth crystalline base. Each process is used to produce precise surfaces and dimensions for parts.
Lapping is a precision finishing process that uses abrasive particles to refine a surface and achieve high dimensional and geometric accuracy. It can be done manually or with machines. Manual lapping involves rubbing abrasive powder onto a workpiece on a soft lap material. Machine lapping uses abrasive bonded wheels or powder. Lapping is used for flat, cylindrical, and other regular surfaces to produce close tolerances and very smooth finishes measured in microns. Common applications include gauges, piston rings, bearings, and crankshafts.
This document discusses super finishing processes used to improve the surface quality of machined parts. Super finishing includes honing, lapping, and hand or machine lapping processes. Honing is used to finish holes to a high accuracy of 0.005mm using abrasive stones. Lapping involves using abrasive compounds to finish metal surfaces with less heat and pressure than other processes. Super finishing is a type of honing that uses less pressure, higher speeds, and more lubricant to produce less heat when finishing external surfaces. The goal of super finishing processes is to remove grinding defects and achieve the desired surface finish and geometry.
Abrasive machining utilizes abrasive particles bonded together or in loose form to improve the surface finish of metallic workpieces. Some common abrasive machining processes include grinding, lapping, polishing, and abrasive blasting. Grinding can be done with surface grinding wheels or cylindrical grinding wheels to flatten surfaces or grind external and internal cylindrical shapes. Surface grinding improves flat surfaces, while cylindrical grinding is used for cylindrical external and internal surfaces and involves rotating both the workpiece and grinding wheel.
The document discusses broaching and finishing processes. Broaching is described as a machining process that can produce high surface finish, accuracy and is suitable for mass production. Horizontal, vertical and continuous broaching machines are discussed. Finishing processes like lapping and honing are then covered. Lapping involves abrasive particles to produce extreme dimensional accuracy. Honing uses an abrasive stone that rotates and strokes to produce round, crosshatched bores with good surface finish. Advantages and limitations of broaching, lapping and honing are provided.
The document discusses abrasive processes and broaching. It describes various abrasive machining processes including grinding, honing and lapping. It details different types of grinding processes such as cylindrical grinding and centerless grinding. It also discusses broaching machines and broaching processes. Broaching involves using a multi-tooth tool to remove material in one pass to produce internal and external features with high tolerances and production rates.
Gear finishing processes are necessary to produce accurate, smooth gear teeth after initial formation. The main gear finishing processes are gear shaving, burnishing, grinding, lapping, and honing. Gear shaving involves running a gear against a cutter to scrape off irregularities. Gear burnishing plastically moves excess material during rolling. Gear grinding is the most accurate but also the most expensive method. Lapping and honing use abrasives to remove burrs and irregularities from heat treated gears in a faster process than other methods.
The document discusses different types of grinding machines and their processes. It describes grinding as an abrasive machining process that uses a revolving wheel to cut hard materials. There are different types of grinding machines based on the geometry of the workpiece, such as surface grinding for flat surfaces, cylindrical grinding for external cylindrical surfaces, and centerless grinding which does not use centers or fixtures to hold the workpiece. The document provides details on grinding wheels, abrasives, and factors to consider for selecting the appropriate grinding wheel for different materials and processes.
The document discusses the grinding process, including its purposes of achieving a high surface finish and machining hard materials. It describes how grinding uses abrasive wheels to remove material. The document outlines different types of abrasives and bonds used in wheels and categories of grinding machines like cylindrical, surface, and centerless grinding. It discusses wheel wear and factors like attritious wear and grain fracture that impact wheel performance over time.
UCM - Unit 4 advanced nano finishing processeskarthi keyan
This document provides an overview of advanced nano finishing processes. It describes abrasive flow machining, chemo mechanical polishing, magnetic abrasive finishing, magneto rheological finishing, and magneto rheological abrasive flow finishing. For each process, it outlines the basic principles, construction and working, process parameters, advantages, limitations, and applications. Abrasive flow machining uses a semisolid abrasive media to remove small amounts of material from surfaces. Chemo mechanical polishing combines chemical etching and abrasive polishing, while magnetic processes use magnetic fields to control abrasives.
This document discusses several advanced nano finishing processes including abrasive flow machining, chemo mechanical polishing, magnetic abrasive finishing, magneto rheological finishing, and magneto rheological abrasive flow finishing. It provides details on the working principles, process parameters, advantages, limitations and applications of abrasive flow machining and chemo mechanical polishing. Abrasive flow machining uses a semisolid abrasive media to remove small amounts of material from surfaces. Chemo mechanical polishing combines chemical etching with mechanical polishing to smooth and planarize surfaces.
This document provides an overview of advanced nano finishing processes. It describes abrasive flow machining, chemo mechanical polishing, magnetic abrasive finishing, magneto rheological finishing, and magneto rheological abrasive flow finishing. For each process, it outlines the basic principles, construction and working, process parameters, advantages, limitations, and applications. Abrasive flow machining uses a semisolid abrasive media to remove small amounts of material from surfaces. Chemo mechanical polishing combines chemical etching and abrasive polishing, while magnetic abrasive finishing uses magnetic particles to form an abrasive brush for finishing. Magneto rheological finishing takes advantage of smart fluids that change viscosity in magnetic fields for precision mach
This document provides an overview of advanced nano finishing processes. It describes abrasive flow machining, chemo mechanical polishing, magnetic abrasive finishing, magneto rheological finishing, and magneto rheological abrasive flow finishing. For each process, it outlines the basic principles, construction and working, process parameters, advantages, limitations, and applications. Abrasive flow machining uses a semisolid abrasive media to remove small amounts of material from surfaces. Chemo mechanical polishing combines chemical etching and abrasive polishing, while magnetic processes utilize magnetic fields to control abrasives.
UNIT 4 -Advanced Nano finishing Processes.pptxRaja P
This document provides an overview of advanced nano finishing processes. It describes abrasive flow machining, chemo mechanical polishing, magnetic abrasive finishing, magneto rheological finishing, and magneto rheological abrasive flow finishing. For each process, it outlines the basic principles, construction and working, process parameters, advantages, limitations, and applications. Abrasive flow machining uses a semisolid abrasive media to remove small amounts of material from surfaces. Chemo mechanical polishing combines chemical etching and abrasive polishing, while magnetic processes use magnetic fields to control abrasives.
This document provides information on various advanced nano finishing processes including abrasive flow machining (AFM), chemo-mechanical polishing (CMP), magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF), magneto-rheological finishing (MRF), and magneto-rheological abrasive flow finishing (MRAFF). It describes the principles, process parameters, advantages, limitations, and applications of each process. AFM uses a semisolid abrasive media to remove small amounts of material from surfaces. CMP combines chemical etching and mechanical polishing, while MAF uses magnetic particles to form an abrasive brush. MRF utilizes a magneto-rheological fluid that becomes a solid under magnetic fields for finishing.
The document discusses abrasive machining processes. It describes how abrasive machining uses small cutting edges on abrasive particles to remove material. Common abrasives include natural materials like sand and man-made materials like silicon carbide and aluminum oxide. Parts that can be machined include hard metals and parts requiring close tolerances. Grinding is one process that uses bonded abrasive wheels to cut materials. Precise tolerances of +/- 0.0001" can be achieved through grinding.
Surface finishing is a manufacturing process that focuses on improving the appearance, durability, and functionality of a material's surface. Processes like honing, lapping, grinding, buffing and reaming are used to achieve tight tolerances, enhance lubrication and remove imperfections to produce a smooth surface finish. A variety of machines are employed for each process depending on the workpiece material and desired specifications.
The document describes the manufacturing processes used to produce key engine components. Engine blocks are typically made of cast aluminum alloys using a casting process. Pistons are commonly forged from aluminum alloys and undergo machining like cutting, drilling, and milling. Crankshafts are usually made from steel alloys using casting and machining processes like turning, drilling, and grinding. Gears are manufactured through gear forming methods like milling and broaching or gear generation processes like hobbing and shaping.
This document discusses various advanced nano finishing processes. It describes abrasive flow machining, where a semisolid abrasive media acts as a deformable grading wheel to remove small amounts of material. It also covers chemo-mechanical polishing, which uses chemical reactions to soften materials for mechanical polishing. Magnetic abrasive finishing, magneto rheological finishing, and magneto rheological abrasive flow finishing are also introduced, along with their working principles and applications in finishing complex parts.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
2. WHY SUPER FINISHING REQUIRED
Parts Worn Out Fast Due To Defects Of Grinding
Operation.
The Defects Are Chatter Marks, Helical Type
Scratches, Surface Cracks, Smear Metal etc. are
Responsible For Wearing Out The Parts.
In Certain Circumstances High Surface Quality Is
Required.
Hence For Removing Grinding Defects, To Obtain
Desired Surface Finish And To Improve The
Geometrical Shape Finishing Processes Are Used.
It Includes Honing, Lapping, And Super Finishing.
3. TYPES OF SUPER FINISHING
PROCESS
a) Honing
b) Lapping
Hand Lapping
Machine Lapping
c) Super Finishing
4. HONING
• Hole made by boring is obtained to required dimension and
finishing by honing.
• In this process abrasive stone is used.
• The dimension to an accuracy of 0.005 mm can be obtained
by honing process
5. • Honing is wet cutting
process. 6 to 8 honing sticks
are held together and metal
is removed by rotating or
reciprocating the holder.
• Honing tool is rotated at a
speed of 0.5 - 2.5 m/s and
reciprocates at a speed of
0.2 – 0.5 m/s.
6. • Objectives are achieved by honing
1. Metal is removed
2. Roundness & straightness is obtained
3. Accurate dimension is obtained
4. Required surface finish is obtained.
5. Less complex or low cost fixtures.
It is highly accurate.
6. It can be used for both long and short bores.
7. It maintains original bore centreline.
8. Any material can be finished regardless its hardness.
•Application :
-Honing Of Automobile
Cylinder
-Honing Is Also Used For
Repair Work
7. LAPPING
• Lapping is a machining process in which two
surfaces are rubbed together with
an abrasive between them, by hand movement
or using a machine.
• Abrasive compound or solid bonded
abrasive is used in it. More accuracy is
obtained as heat & pressure are less in
lapping.
• Lapping compound is made by mixing
diamond, silicon carbide, aluminum oxide in
oil or water.
• There are many types of lapping process.
8. HAND LAPPING
• In this method lapping
compound is spread on cast
iron plate and work piece is
moved manually on it on a
path.
9. Machine lapping
• In this method a rotating table
is used in place of the plate.
Again the work piece to be
lapped is given rotary by a
cage and rotated on the
surface of the table. Rotating
lap is used above & below the
work piece to produce parallel
surfaces.
10. - Machine lapping process is carried out for gauge
blocks, piston pin, ball bearings and engine valves.
Application of lapping:-
11. SUPER FINISHING
• This process is one type of
honing , in which as compared
to the honing less
pressure, high speed, huge
amount of lubricant – coolant of
low viscosity and more contact
area between work & abrasive
face is kept. Less heat is
produced during super finishing
and it is generally done on
external surfaces.
12. POLISHING
• Abbrasive material is bond
to a tool (disc, belt) or it is a
media (paste) freely between
tool (textile disc, belt) and
part
• NO improve in shape or
accuracy!!
• Just improves the surface
quality