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Abrasive Machining
Abrasive Machining
• Abrasive machining utilizes hard non-metallic
particles to finish the metallic workpieces in
order to improve surface finish and reduce the
surface roughness.
• Abrasive particles are usually bonded together
on the wheels, stones, sheets or in fluids or in
loose form.
Abrasive Machining
• Loose form:
Polishing.
Lapping.
Abrasive flow machining (AFM)
Hydro-erosive grinding.
Water-jet cutting.
Abrasive blasting.
Mass finishing, tumbling. Open barrel tumbling.
Vibratory bowl tumbling. Centrifugal disc tumbling.
Centrifugal barrel tumbling.
• Bonded form
Abrasive Grinding
Two types:
Surface Grinding
Cylindrical Grinding
The most commonly used materials?
• Aluminium oxide or alumina, the most widely
used abrasive, generally used for ferrous
alloys, high tensile materials and wood. Cubic
boron nitride (CBN) Zirconia/Alumina alloys,
suited to carbon and stainless steels and
welds. Glass, usually used for pressure
blasting operations.
• Sand or Silica particles
• Silicon Carbide
Surface Grinding
• Used for improving the surface finish of flat
workpieces
Surface Grinding
• It is a widely used abrasive machining process
in which a spinning wheel covered in rough
particles (grinding wheel) cuts chips of
metallic or nonmetallic substance from a
workpiece, making a face of it flat or smooth.
Surface Grinding
Surface Grinding
• The machine consists of a table that traverses both
longitudinally and across the face of the wheel. The
longitudinal feed is usually powered by hydraulics,
as may the cross feed, however any mixture of
hand, electrical or hydraulic may be used depending
on the ultimate usage of the machine (i.e.,
production, workshop, cost). The grinding wheel
rotates in the spindle head and is also adjustable for
height, by any of the methods described previously.
Modern surface grinders are semi-automated,
depth of cut and spark-out may be preset as to the
number of passes and, once set up, the machining
process requires very little operator intervention.
Surface Grinding
• Depending on the workpiece material, the
work is generally held by the use of a
magnetic chuck. This may be either an
electromagnetic chuck, or a manually
operated, permanent magnet type chuck;
both types are shown in the first image.
Cylindrical Grinding Machine
• Used to improve the external and internal
surface finish of cylindrical workpieces.
Cylindrical Grinding Machine
• Cylindrical grinding is defined as having four
essential actions:
• The work (object) must be constantly rotating
• The grinding wheel must be constantly rotating
• The grinding wheel is fed towards and away from
the work
• Either the work or the grinding wheel is
transversed with respect to the other.
External Cylindrical Grinding
Internal Cylindrical Grinding

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Abrasive Machining.pptx

  • 2. Abrasive Machining • Abrasive machining utilizes hard non-metallic particles to finish the metallic workpieces in order to improve surface finish and reduce the surface roughness. • Abrasive particles are usually bonded together on the wheels, stones, sheets or in fluids or in loose form.
  • 3. Abrasive Machining • Loose form: Polishing. Lapping. Abrasive flow machining (AFM) Hydro-erosive grinding. Water-jet cutting. Abrasive blasting. Mass finishing, tumbling. Open barrel tumbling. Vibratory bowl tumbling. Centrifugal disc tumbling. Centrifugal barrel tumbling.
  • 4. • Bonded form Abrasive Grinding Two types: Surface Grinding Cylindrical Grinding
  • 5. The most commonly used materials? • Aluminium oxide or alumina, the most widely used abrasive, generally used for ferrous alloys, high tensile materials and wood. Cubic boron nitride (CBN) Zirconia/Alumina alloys, suited to carbon and stainless steels and welds. Glass, usually used for pressure blasting operations. • Sand or Silica particles • Silicon Carbide
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8. Surface Grinding • Used for improving the surface finish of flat workpieces
  • 9. Surface Grinding • It is a widely used abrasive machining process in which a spinning wheel covered in rough particles (grinding wheel) cuts chips of metallic or nonmetallic substance from a workpiece, making a face of it flat or smooth.
  • 11. Surface Grinding • The machine consists of a table that traverses both longitudinally and across the face of the wheel. The longitudinal feed is usually powered by hydraulics, as may the cross feed, however any mixture of hand, electrical or hydraulic may be used depending on the ultimate usage of the machine (i.e., production, workshop, cost). The grinding wheel rotates in the spindle head and is also adjustable for height, by any of the methods described previously. Modern surface grinders are semi-automated, depth of cut and spark-out may be preset as to the number of passes and, once set up, the machining process requires very little operator intervention.
  • 12. Surface Grinding • Depending on the workpiece material, the work is generally held by the use of a magnetic chuck. This may be either an electromagnetic chuck, or a manually operated, permanent magnet type chuck; both types are shown in the first image.
  • 13. Cylindrical Grinding Machine • Used to improve the external and internal surface finish of cylindrical workpieces.
  • 14. Cylindrical Grinding Machine • Cylindrical grinding is defined as having four essential actions: • The work (object) must be constantly rotating • The grinding wheel must be constantly rotating • The grinding wheel is fed towards and away from the work • Either the work or the grinding wheel is transversed with respect to the other.