Superconductivity is a phenomenon where electrical resistance drops abruptly to zero below a critical temperature. When this happens, magnetic fields are expelled from the material's interior, known as the Meissner effect. Superconductivity was first discovered in mercury in 1911. Later, theories were developed to explain superconductivity, such as Cooper pairs of electrons interacting through phonons. High-temperature superconductors were discovered in 1986 capable of superconductivity above liquid nitrogen temperatures. Potential applications of superconductors include maglev trains, MRI machines, and power cables with reduced transmission losses.

1. superconductivity

2. What is superconductivity History of superconductivity Meissner Effect EXIT Applications

5. In simple words For some materials, the resistivity vanishes at some low temperature: they become superconducting . Superconductivity is the ability of certain materials to conduct electrical current with no resistance. Thus, superconductors can carry large amounts of current with little or no loss of energy.

16. MEISSNER EFFECT B T >T c T < T c B When you place a superconductor in a magnetic field, the field is expelled below T C . Magnet Superconductor Currents i appear, to cancel B. i x B on the superconductor produces repulsion.

17. A superconductor displaying the MEISSNER EFFECT Superconductors have electronic and magnetic properties. That is, they have a negative susceptibility, and acquire a polarization OPPOSITE to an applied magnetic field. This is the reason that superconducting materials and magnets repel one another. If the temperature increases the sample will lose its superconductivity and the magnet cannot float on the superconductor .

18. MEISSNER EFFECT

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20. Superconducting Magnetic Levitation The Yamanashi MLX01MagLev Train APPLICATIONS: The track are walls with a continuous series of vertical coils of wire mounted inside. The wire in these coils is not a superconductor. As the train passes each coil, the motion of the superconducting magnet on the train induces a current in these coils, making them electromagnets. The electromagnets on the train and outside produce forces that levitate the train and keep it centered above the track. In addition, a wave of electric current sweeps down these outside coils and propels the train forward.

22. Medical: APPLICATIONS: The superconducting magnet coils produce a large and uniform magnetic field inside the patient's body. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scans produce detailed images of soft tissues.

23. Power Superconducting Transmission Cable From American Superconductor The cable configuration features a conductor made from HTS ( high-temperature superconductivity ) wires wound around a flexible hollow core. Liquid nitrogen flows through the core, cooling the HTS wire to the zero resistance state. The conductor is surrounded by conventional dielectric insulation. The efficiency of this design reduces losses. APPLICATIONS: home

24. CONCLUSIONS At present, superconducting devices like cavities and magnets, based on niobium and niobium-titanium respectively, are largely used in particle physics. Till now, neither MgB 2 nor other superconducting materials can compete with niobium for application in accelerating cavities. Among the new superconductors, magnesium diboride seems a good candidate for the construction of magnets. Low field magnets will be probably the first step but there are several indication about the possibility of a field improvement. Do you know: Superconductors are usd in particle accelerators!! Do you know which one???!!