Superconductivity is the ability of certain materials to conduct electricity without resistance below a critical temperature. Heike Kammerlingh Onnes first discovered superconductivity in 1911 when he found mercury had no resistance at 4.2K. Superconductors can carry large currents and magnetic fields and have applications in maglev trains, MRI machines, and particle accelerators due to their ability to generate powerful magnetic fields. While superconductors offer benefits like reduced energy loss, their use is limited by the need for cryogenic cooling below their transition temperature.
Properties of superconductors, Effects of the magnetic field, variation of resistance with temperature, Meissner Effect, isotope effect, Energy Gap, Coherence Length, BCS Theory, Types of superconductors ,
Basically i have tried giving every details about the phenomenon Superconductivity in the simplest way. This is my first upload.I'll be very glad if u all give your valuable feedback. Thank u.
Introduction.
Superconductivity.
Meissner effect.
Flux Quantization.
Types of Superconductors.
London Equations.
BCS Theory.
London Penetration Depth
Applications of Super conductors.
Basic Information regarding superconductors.
Superconductivity is a phenomenon of exactly zero electrical resistance and expulsion of magnetic fields occurring in certain materials when cooled below a characteristic critical temperature.
This power-point presentation include
1. Introduction to Superconductors
2. Discovery
3. Properties
4. Important factors
5. Types
6. High Tc Superconductors
7. Magnetic Levitation and its application
8. Josephson effect
9. Application of superconductors
#Tip- You can further add videos which are available in vast amount on YouTube regarding superconductivity(specially magnetic levitation)
P.S.Does not contain information about Cooper pairs and BCS theory
Properties of superconductors, Effects of the magnetic field, variation of resistance with temperature, Meissner Effect, isotope effect, Energy Gap, Coherence Length, BCS Theory, Types of superconductors ,
Basically i have tried giving every details about the phenomenon Superconductivity in the simplest way. This is my first upload.I'll be very glad if u all give your valuable feedback. Thank u.
Introduction.
Superconductivity.
Meissner effect.
Flux Quantization.
Types of Superconductors.
London Equations.
BCS Theory.
London Penetration Depth
Applications of Super conductors.
Basic Information regarding superconductors.
Superconductivity is a phenomenon of exactly zero electrical resistance and expulsion of magnetic fields occurring in certain materials when cooled below a characteristic critical temperature.
This power-point presentation include
1. Introduction to Superconductors
2. Discovery
3. Properties
4. Important factors
5. Types
6. High Tc Superconductors
7. Magnetic Levitation and its application
8. Josephson effect
9. Application of superconductors
#Tip- You can further add videos which are available in vast amount on YouTube regarding superconductivity(specially magnetic levitation)
P.S.Does not contain information about Cooper pairs and BCS theory
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY BY SATYAAPTRAKASH.pptxPokeDSatya
Superconductivity presentation ppt on the presentation of HIL ok sir thank you so much sir thank thank God for friendly and Goddess are you still have a great you more than one of the mountain of the mountain you .
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Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
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This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
2. ◦ What are superconductors?
• Superconductors are the material having almost zero
resistivity and behave as diamagnetic below the
superconducting transiting temperature
• Superconductivity is the flow of electric current without
resistance in certain metals, alloys, and ceramics at
temperatures near absolute zero, and in some cases at
temperatures hundreds of degrees above absolute zero =
-273ºK.
3. Superconductivity was first discovered in 1911 by the
Dutch physicist,Heike Kammerlingh Onnes.
4. Onnes, felt that a cold wire's resistance would dissipate. This
suggested that there would be a steady decrease in electrical
resistance, allowing for better conduction of electricity.
At some very low temperature point, scientists felt that there
would be a leveling off as the resistance reached some ill-
defined minimum value allowing the current to flow with little
or no resistance.
Onnes passed a current through a very pure mercury wire
and measured its resistance as he steadily lowered the
temperature. Much to his surprise there was no resistance at
4.2K.
5. An electrical current in a wire creates a magnetic field around a wire. The
strength of the magnetic field increases as the current in a wire increases.
Because SCs are able to carry large currents without loss of energy, they are
well suited for making strong magnets. When a SC is cooled below its Tc and a
magnetic field is increased around it, the magnetic field remains around the SC.
If the magnetic field is increased to a critical value Hc the SC will turn normal.
• Support a very high current density with
a very small resistance
• A magnet can be operated for days or
even months at nearly constant field
A typical Nb3Sn SC magnet.
It produces 10.8T with a current
of 146A. Bore diameter is 3.8 cm.
Cross-section of multifilament
Nb-Ti of 1mm overall diameter,
consisting from 13255 5-µm
filaments
6. • Fault current limiters
• Electric motors
• Electric generators
• Petaflop computers (thousand trillion
floating point operations per second)
7. Trade off between:
Cost Saving and Cost Increase
Zero resistance, no
energy lost, novel
uses…
Need refrigeration,
fabrication costs….
8.
9. A superconductor like this, called a Type I superconductor, is limited in its
current-carrying capability because it can tolerate only very small
magnetic fields.
The Meissner effect is the litmus test for superconductivity.
10. A Type II superconductor acts like a Type I superconductor in small
magnetic fields. In large magnetic fields, it “sacrifices” part of itself so
that the rest can remain superconducting.
Type II superconductors can carry enormous currents and make incredibly
powerful superconducting electromagnets.
20. Can carry large quantities of energy without heat loss.
Able to generate strong magnetic fields.
Superconductors beneficial applications in medical
imaging techniques.
New superconductive films may result in
miniaturization .
Superconductors increased speed in computer chips.
21. Superconducting materials conduct current at
only given temperature known as transition
temperature.
Superconductors still do not show up in most
everyday electronics.
22. Magnetic
levitation, maglev,
or magnetic suspension is
a method by which an object is
suspended with no support
other than magnetic
fields. Magnetic force is used
to counteract the effects of
the gravitational and any other
accelerations.
The two primary issues
involved in magnetic levitation
are lifting force: providing an
upward force sufficient to
counteract gravity,
and stability: insuring that the
system does not
spontaneously slide or flip into
a configuration where the lift is
23. Picture below is the levitation of a magnet above a cooled
superconductor, the Meissner Effect
24. Maglev trains:
Based on two techniques:
1)Electromagnetic suspension
2)Electrodynamic suspension
In EMS,the electromagnets installed
on the train bogies attract the iron
rails. The magnets wrap around the
iron & the attractive upward force is
lift the train.
In EDS levitation is achieved by
creating a repulsive force between
the train and guide ways.
The basic idea of this is to levitate it
with magnetic fields so that there is
no physical contact between the
trains and guideways. Consequently
the maglev train can travel at hihg
speed of 500 km/h.
28. • Powerful superconducting electromagnets used in maglev
trains, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Nuclear
magnetic resonance (NMR) machines, magnetic confinement
fusion reactors (e.g. tokomaks), and the beam-steering and
focusing magnets used in particle accelerators.
• Superconducting generators has the benefit of small size and
low energy consumption than the conventional generators.
• Very fast and accurate computers can be constructed using
superconductors and the power consumption is also very low.
Superconductors can be used to transmit electrical power over
very long distances without any power or any voltage drop