Superconductivity was first observed in 1911 by Kamerlingh Onnes. Key developments include the discovery of the Meissner effect in 1933 and the first superconducting magnet in 1954. In 1987, a superconductor with a transition temperature of 90 K was developed. Superconductivity arises from electron pairing and their interaction with lattice vibrations, achieving a state of zero resistance below the critical temperature.