Suburbanisation refers to the movement of people, services, and industries from the centers of inner urban areas to the edges of built-up areas. In the 1800-1900 period, industry could pay the most for city center sites, leading to unplanned housing around factories with few amenities. The middle class began moving to suburbs. Suburban areas continued rapidly expanding in the inter-war and post-war periods due to fewer regulations. Causes of suburbanization include decentralization of jobs to cheaper land prices on the outskirts, deindustrialization causing inner city job losses, attractions of suburban locations like space and amenities, and advances in transportation allowing longer commutes. Consequences can be economic, environmental, or social for both the

1. Learning Objectives Understand the causes of suburbanisation in relation to MEDCs Be able to describe the consequences of suburbanisation on different areas of the urban area

2. Suburbanisation The increased movement of people / services and industries from the centres of inner urban areas outwards, towards and onto the edges of the built-up area.

3. Suburbanisation The period 1800-1900 saw very rapid urban industrialisation Industry could pay the most for city centre sites Unplanned housing developed around factories – with few amenities Middle classes began to move into suburbs

4. Suburbanisation The suburbs continued to grow rapidly in all British cities in the inter-war and post-war periods. During this period there were fewer planning regulations and urban growth took the form of ribbon development along main routes

5. Suburbanisation Suburbanisation is continuing: Construction / development of flats Infilling of vacant land Continuing outward expansion at the suburban fringe

6. Causes of suburbanisation De-centralisation Shift of jobs into service sector Often tend to be in non-centralised locations to make use of cheaper land prices De-industrialisation Loss of manufacturing jobs in inner cities Workers often lacked skills for jobs in service sectors Inner cities experienced spiral of problems

7. Causes of suburbanisation Attractions of edge of city location Access – motorways etc Room to expand Green space Pleasant environment Technology Advances in transport meant people could commute longer distances ICT and communications developments mean more people can work from home

8. Consequences of suburbanisation These can relate to periphery and inner city/CBD Consequences can be economic, environmental or social Positive or negative

9. Suburbanisation of Nottingham

10. Suburbanisation of Nottingham Traffic congestion at peak times on peak routes such as A52 and A453 into and out of Nottingham Suburban dwellers largely white middle-class leaving some ‘segregated’ deprived inner city areas e.g. St Anns. Radford – former industrial area has a negative environment with lots of derelict factories

11. Suburbanisation of Nottingham The Radford gasometer John Player complex

12. Suburbanisation of Nottingham Development of brownfield sites for decentralised employment e.g. University of Nottingham Jubilee Campus

13. Suburbanisation of Nottingham Redevelopment of central areas to attract residents and business back into CBD e.g. Nottingham’s Lace Market Broadway Cinema Residential developments

14. Read Geo Factsheet ‘Suburbanisation’ 1. What factors encouraged early development of the suburbs? 2. In the last 30 years: What problems did ‘ de-industrialisation’ cause in the inner cities? How did these problems encourage growth of the suburbs? 3. Outline the push factors and pull factors that caused the suburbanisation of industry and jobs. 4. Outline how changes in transport encouraged suburbanisation 5. Why are suburbs ‘ not all the same’? 6. Copy or summarise Table 4 for revision for the exam 7. How does Table 3 show that the inner city has more problems than the suburbs? 8. List the ‘three major developments’ in the suburbs in the last 15 years.