The document discusses various topics related to urban areas and settlement, including: 1) Land use patterns in urban areas and reasons for the location of different uses such as industry, housing, and commercial districts. 2) Types of settlements like market towns, ports, and industrial towns and their key characteristics. 3) Factors that influence the location of new industries such as access to markets, labor, and raw materials. 4) Potential problems from industry decline such as unemployment, pollution, and economic impacts.

1. Settlement and Industry Revision

2. Settlement – Site and Situation Gap Wet Point Dry Point Route Centre Hill Foot What do these words mean?

3. Urban Structure Describe the location of each land use… and give one reason why each is located where it is.

4. An Urban Model Where would you find the following land uses: Factories/Industry? Working-class housing? Commuter village? Central Business District? Middle-class housing?

5. Settlement Function There are four different types of settlement function… Market town Port Industrial town Resort How can these types of settlements be described?

6. Characteristics – Surrounded by farmland A route centre Market place where roads meet in the town centre Bridging points over rivers Mills located beside river to use water power Match up the features… Main Road? Housing? Market Place? Bridging Point? New Industry? E.g. Market Towns

7. Urban Change What is ‘urban renewal’? How has urban renewal changed over the last 30 years in the UK? Why were local people dissatisfied with changes to the London Docklands when urban renewal took place there?

8. Industry – Industrial Location Deciding factors for the location of a new factory Suitable site, flat etc. Suitable labour force Links with other firms… for raw materials etc Transport links Government assistance, e.g. Enterprise Zones Market, access to customers Raw materials

9. Locating a New Industry A - Tastygrub Co. Ltd - make pies and sandwiches for city centre offices. Need to be near market so that food is fresh. B - Clothes-U-Like - make fashion clothes. Use large number of unskilled workforce and need good transport links to markets. C - Knox Steel Works - export a lot of their finished products. Need to be close to raw materials to keep the costs down. D - Chemclear Inc . - burn chemical waste. Need to be far away from towns because of danger. Match the correct letter to each location.

10. Locating a New Industry Which of the three sites A, B or C do you think is best for a new superstore? Give two reasons for your answer. Local people are split over the development of site D as a superstore. Explain why different people might support or oppose this development.

11. Effects of Industry Complete the table by choosing whether these problems are of a Social, Economic or Environmental nature. New industries unwilling to set up in area Polluted land and rivers left behind Rise in crime rates Loss of jobs Houses left empty are vandalised Closure of services Depression Break up of families People have less money to spend Large areas of waste-land Answer Consequence of Decline

12. Your Task… Now try a Past Paper Question… Foundation General Credit Exam Timings : 1½ mins per mark In recent years many changes have taken place in the Central Business Districts of British cities. Give reasons for these changes (5). Name three problems for businesses and workers in the Central Business District (CBD) (3). Describe the methods used to limit the growth of large urban areas such as Greater Manchester (4).

13. Possible answers include: Too much pollution (1) Traffic congestion (1) Shortage of land (1) High crime rate (1) Unemployment caused by shop closures (1) due to out of town shopping centres (1). 3 KU Model Answer (Foundation, 2007, Q.5b) Name three problems for businesses and workers in the Central Business District (CBD) (3).

14. Describe the methods used to limit the growth of large urban areas such as Greater Manchester (4). Model Answer (General, 2000, Q.5b) Possible answers include: ‘ Green Belt’ designed to limit the amount of development allowed around the city (1). Regeneration in the city centre – encourage development on Brownfield sites (1). Increase Council Tax in the suburban areas (encouraging people to stay put within the city if prices are lower there) (1). Government incentives – money given to businesses choosing to locate within the existing city boundaries (1). 4KU

15. Answer must explain changes! Shopping centres under cover so provide more pleasant shopping environment (1) and easier for shoppers if all shops are in a compact area rather than spread out along a street (1). Shops are closing down due to more out-of-town shopping centres (1) which are more accessible by car and convenient to get to (1). The buildings left are used for other purposes – usually entertainment (1). High parking charges to discourage motorists from taking cars into the CBD (1), so reducing traffic congestion (1). One way streets to allow traffic to flow more freely (1). Pedestrianised areas to increase safety for shoppers and reduce air pollution (2). New buildings are often multi-storey because there is a high demand for land in CBD and no room to expand sideways (2). 5 KU In recent years many changes have taken place in the Central Business Districts of British cities. Give reasons for these changes (5). Model Answer (Credit, 2007, Q.5)