Urban sprawl refers to low-density auto-oriented development that has expanded city footprints. It has negative impacts like worse health, environmental, and cultural issues. Urban economics literature identifies the primary causes of sprawl as falling transportation costs, rising incomes, and how people self-sort based on preferences. This has led to issues like traffic, pollution, loss of open space, and unequal public services. Local public finance models also show how people sort into jurisdictions based on amenities and preferences, influencing the urban landscape. An integrated approach is needed to better understand the complex trade-offs of policies on households in cities and suburbs.