This document describes a project to monitor parameters like voltage, frequency, and power input/output of a 33/11kV substation. A microcontroller continuously monitors these values and displays them on an LCD screen. It can send phone messages if parameters exceed limits and automatically trip the system if voltage exceeds a specific limit. The system includes components like transformers, rectifiers, filters, and relays. Its advantages include remote monitoring to avoid power losses and repairs, while disadvantages include complexity and cost. The system could later be expanded to use GPRS and monitor additional parameters like energy usage.

2. contents
• Abstract
• Problem statement
• Importance
• Working Principle
• Block Diagram
• Advantages and Disadvantages
• Conclusion
• Future scope and Plan

3. Abstract
 The object of the project is to monitor the different parameters like voltage,
frequency, power input and output of 33/11kv substation. The project is
attached to the input 33kv line,11kv output line of substation
 The monitoring system continuously monitors different parameters. The
values are displayed on the 16/2 matrix LCD display. If any parameter is
beyond the limit ,it gives a message through phone for control of relevant
parameters. An automatic trip off is given when voltage is exceeded the
specific limit.
 In the same way power and frequency are controlled. This can be extended
for vibration of transformers, internal arcing. This is controlled by
microcontroller AT89C52. The assembly language program is written in
microcontroller for performing entire operation.

4. Problem statement
• Mostly substation consists of Transformers, Protective relays, Lightening
arrestors, wave trap, bus bars, Isolators etc…
• Generally Transformers used in the substation will damage due to the raise
in the oil temperature i.e., when ever there is a huge amount of current
flows through the winding then that leads to blackouts in the substations.
• Instead of such blackouts that occurred in microseconds of time that may
leads to collapse the entire substation.
• So to we have to protect the entire substation & that is done by using AVR
microcontrollers which acts as the heart in controlling the entire system .
• By sensing the parameters we can shut down the transformers if any value
is crossing it’s limit.

5. Working Principle
• Micro controller controls the entire system and saves the
data.
• Micro controller used in this project accepts the input
and correspondingly controls the outputs.
• GSM is a wireless modem which is interfaced with
microcontroller to know the information in the form of
SMS
• Similarly, it receives the control signals that are sent
from the operators, and in accordance with those signals,
it controls the relays and buzzers. At times when current
exceeds their limits, the microcontroller automatically
trips the circuit breakers and sends that information to
the user by SMS.

6. Components
• Transformer- It converts 230 v0lts to 5 volts or
12 volts as per circuit requirement.
• Rectifier- It converts the AC supply into
Pulsating DC.
• Filter- It removes the Ripples from the DC
Supply.
• Relay- It is a Electro Magnetic Device which is
use as switch

7. Block diagram

8. • Whole system can be shut
down for quick repairs and re-
installations.
• Remote monitoring to avoid
further power loss and time.
• Low maintenance.
• Fair efficiency
• High accuracy
• Complexity.
• Costly
• Less operating area.
Advantages Disadvantages

9. Future scope
• This project can be implemented by using GPRS
technology so that capture data can be send any
where in the world.
• We can turn it to a Smart Energy Meter by which
electricity parameters along with cost calculation
can monitored by the user by GSM or
GPRS so they can minimize their electricity uses
to optimum level.

10. Conclusion
• The whole process is monitored by AVR
microcontrollers.
• The graphically representation of the parameters
are done by HMI to identify easily.
• Hence the distribution is made more secure,
reliable and efficient by means of the proposed
system.
• This GSM based project is get a idea to
understand the substation monitoring and it’s
importance.