This document presents information about plant anatomy and plant tissues. It discusses the three main types of plant tissues: meristems, permanent tissues, and secretory tissues. It focuses on describing meristems, which are tissues composed of actively dividing cells. Meristems are classified based on their origin, location in the plant, and differentiation. The main types of meristems are primary meristems found at tips of roots and stems, secondary meristems that develop later and allow thickening, and lateral meristems involved in secondary growth.

2. Presentation of Plant AnatomyPresentation of Plant Anatomy
Presented to;Presented to;
Mam TaibaMam Taiba
Presented by;Presented by;
Farrukh JamilFarrukh Jamil
Roll no;Roll no;
_001_001

3. Plant Tissues;Plant Tissues;
 Groups or masses of the cells that are alike inGroups or masses of the cells that are alike in
region, structure, and function form tissue.region, structure, and function form tissue.
From the study point of view, the tissues mayFrom the study point of view, the tissues may
be grouped into three principal groups;be grouped into three principal groups;
 1-Meristems or meristematic tissues.1-Meristems or meristematic tissues.
 2-Permanent tissues.2-Permanent tissues.
 3-Secretory tissues.3-Secretory tissues.

4. MeristemMeristem
 Meristem is a ‘Geek word Meristosis”Meristem is a ‘Geek word Meristosis”
meaning to divide.meaning to divide.
 A meristemic tissue consists of a group ofA meristemic tissue consists of a group of
cells which remain in a continuous state ofcells which remain in a continuous state of
division or they retain their power of division.division or they retain their power of division.

5. Meristem

6. Charectrstics of meristem;Charectrstics of meristem;
 Composed of immature cells which are state ofComposed of immature cells which are state of
division and growth.division and growth.
 Intercellular spaces are absent.Intercellular spaces are absent.
 Cells are rounded,oval or polygonal in shape.Cells are rounded,oval or polygonal in shape.
 Cells are always living and thin walled.Cells are always living and thin walled.
 Each cells has abundant cytoplasm and one orEach cells has abundant cytoplasm and one or
more nuclei.more nuclei.
 Nuclei are may quite small or absent.Nuclei are may quite small or absent.
 The cells are capable of regular,continuousThe cells are capable of regular,continuous
mitotic division.mitotic division.

7. Classification 0f Meristem;Classification 0f Meristem;
 The meristematic tissue is classified on the basis ofThe meristematic tissue is classified on the basis of
origin, location in the plant body and differentiation.origin, location in the plant body and differentiation.
 Based on originBased on origin
 Based on locationBased on location
 Based on differentiationBased on differentiation

8. Based on origin;Based on origin;
Based on origin, meristem can be classified intoBased on origin, meristem can be classified into
the following two types:the following two types:
Primary meristemPrimary meristem
Secondary meristemSecondary meristem

9. Primary Meristem;Primary Meristem;
 It is the meristem present at right fromIt is the meristem present at right from
embryonic stageembryonic stage
 Active throughout the life of plantActive throughout the life of plant
 Responsible for primary growth in the plantResponsible for primary growth in the plant
bodybody
 Responsible for primary growth in the plantResponsible for primary growth in the plant
bodybody
 It gives rise to primary permanent tissue of theIt gives rise to primary permanent tissue of the
plant bodyplant body

10. ExampleExample
 Meristem found at the tip of the stem and root.Meristem found at the tip of the stem and root.

11. Secondary Meristem;Secondary Meristem;
 It is the meristem that aears later in the lifeIt is the meristem that aears later in the life
cycle of a plantcycle of a plant
 . It is responsible for secondary growth in the. It is responsible for secondary growth in the
plant bodyplant body
 . It gives rise to secondary permanent tissues. It gives rise to secondary permanent tissues
such as secondary cortex and secondarysuch as secondary cortex and secondary
xylem.xylem.
 e.g Cork cambium and vascular cambium.e.g Cork cambium and vascular cambium.

12. . Based on Location (or Position). Based on Location (or Position)
in the Plant Bodyin the Plant Body
 Apical meristemApical meristem
 Intercalary meristemIntercalary meristem
 Lateral meristemLateral meristem

13. Apical Meristem;Apical Meristem;
 It is the meristem present at the tip of the rootIt is the meristem present at the tip of the root
and stem, commonly called as root apex andand stem, commonly called as root apex and
shoot apex respectively.shoot apex respectively.
 Such meristems constitute the activelySuch meristems constitute the actively
growing regions in the plant body.growing regions in the plant body.
 Due to the activity of apical meristem the plantDue to the activity of apical meristem the plant
body keeps increasing in its lengthbody keeps increasing in its length

14. Root and Apical MeristemRoot and Apical Meristem

15. Shoot Apical MeristemShoot Apical Meristem

16. Root Apical MeristemRoot Apical Meristem
1. Root cap
initials
2. Protoderm
3. Ground
meristem
4. Procambium
5. Root cap

17. Inercalary Meristem;Inercalary Meristem;
 It is the meristem that occurs betweenIt is the meristem that occurs between
permanent tissuespermanent tissues
 . It may also occur at the base of the leaves. It may also occur at the base of the leaves
 It is particularly common at the nodal regions.It is particularly common at the nodal regions.
 It is also responsible for the formation ofIt is also responsible for the formation of
branches at the nodal regions.branches at the nodal regions.
 The apical and intercalary meristems areThe apical and intercalary meristems are
examples of primary meristem.examples of primary meristem.

18. Intercalary MeristemIntercalary Meristem

19. Lateral meristemLateral meristem
 The lateral meristems are composed of suchThe lateral meristems are composed of such
initials which divides in mainly in oneinitials which divides in mainly in one
plane(periclinally) and increase in the diameterplane(periclinally) and increase in the diameter
of an organ.of an organ.
 This is responsible for growth in thickness ofThis is responsible for growth in thickness of
plant body.plant body.

20. Based on Differentiation;Based on Differentiation;
 There are three typesThere are three types
 Protoderm (It is the meristem that alwaysProtoderm (It is the meristem that always
differentiates into protective structures likedifferentiates into protective structures like
epidermis).epidermis).
 Ground meristem(It is the meristem thatGround meristem(It is the meristem that
always differentiates into ground tissuealways differentiates into ground tissue
components such as cortex, endodermis andcomponents such as cortex, endodermis and
pith).pith).

21. ProcambiumProcambium
 It is the meristem that always differentiatesIt is the meristem that always differentiates
into theinto the vascular tissuesvascular tissues like xylem andlike xylem and
phloem.phloem.

22. Lateral Meristems – secondaryLateral Meristems – secondary
growth in woody plantsgrowth in woody plants
This stem has two lateral meristems. They are the vascular
cambium and the cork cambium. (This is 1 year)

23. Lateral Meristems – secondaryLateral Meristems – secondary
growth in woody plantsgrowth in woody plants
Basswood – root in cross section
Basswood – stem in cross
section; 1, 2, 3 year old stems

24. THANK YOUTHANK YOU