The document summarizes the structure and function of the human heart. It describes the heart as a muscular pump divided into four chambers - the right and left atria which receive blood, and the right and left ventricles which pump blood out. It details the circulation of blood through the pulmonary and systemic circuits, and explains the roles and structures of the heart valves in ensuring one-way blood flow. It also outlines the layers that surround and protect the heart.

2. SREENARAYANA TRAINING
COLLEGE
SREEKANDESWARAM

3. SUBMITTED TO
SOYA P
SUBMITTED BY
SARANYA .S.S
NATURAL SCIENCE
REG: NO: 13383015
SUBMITTED ON
20-09-2014

4. STRUCTURE
OF
HEART

5. INTRODUCTION
THE HEART IS A
VITAL MUSCULARORGAN IN
HUMANS AND MANY OTHER
ANIMALS, WHICH FUNCTIONS TO
PUMPBLOOD AROUND THE BODY
THROUGH THE BLOOD VESSELS OF
THECIRCULATORY SYSTEM.[

6. The Heart
• Heart – typically weighs
250–350 grams (healthy
heart)
• A muscular double pump
• Pulmonary circuit – takes
blood to and from the lungs
• Systemic circuit – vessels
transport blood to and from
body tissues

7. Structure of the Heart
• Right and left atria - Superior chambers, receive blood from the
pulmonary and systemic circuits
• Right and left ventricles - Inferior chambers, the pumping chambers of
the heart
• External markings
• Left/right auricles
• Apex
• Internal Structures
• Interventricular septa
• Fossa ovalis

8. Chambers
• Left atrium
• Makes up heart’s posterior
surface
• Receives oxygen-rich blood
from lungs
• Opens into the left ventricle
through the Mitral valve (left
atrioventricular valve)
• Left Ventricle
• Forms apex of the heart
• Internal walls of left
ventricle
• Trabeculae carneae
• Papillary muscles
• Chordae tendineae
• Pumps blood through
systemic circuit via the
Aortic semilunar valve
(aortic valve)

9. Heart Valves – Valve Structure
• Each valve composed of -
endocardium with
connective tissue core
• Atrioventricular (AV)
valves between atria and
ventricles
• Aortic and pulmonary
valves at junction of
ventricles and great arteries

10. Function of the Atrioventricular Valves
Figure 18.9a

11. Structure of the Heart – Coverings
• Pericardium – two primary layers
• Fibrous pericardium - strong layer of dense connective tissue
• Serous pericardium -formed from two layers
• Parietal pericardium
• Visceral pericardium
• Pericardial cavity

12. Blood Flow Through the Heart
Figure 18.6
• Beginning with oxygen-poor blood in the
superior and inferior venae cavae
• Go through pulmonary and systemic
circuits
• A blood drop passes through all
structures sequentially

13. THANKS