The cardiovascular system includes the heart and blood vessels that transport blood throughout the body. The heart has three layers - the inner endocardium, middle muscular myocardium, and outer epicardium. The heart is divided into four chambers by a septum, with the right atrium and ventricle pumping deoxygenated blood to the lungs and the left atrium and ventricle pumping oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. Valves control blood flow between the chambers, opening and closing through the pumping cycle to maintain one-way blood flow.

1. Cardiovascular System

2. •It is know as the “transportation” system
of the body
Structures Include:
-Heart
-Blood Vessels
-Blood
Cardiovascular System

3. Layers of the Heart
• Endocardium
• Myocardium
• Epicardium

4. Layers of the Heart
• Endocardium
–Smooth layer
–Lines the
interior
–Valves are
made from this
layer

5. Layers of the Heart
• Myocardium
–Muscle layer
–Thickest
layer

6. • Epicardium
–Thin, outermost
layer
–Joins with serous
lining outside the
heart to form the
Pericardium
Layers of the Heart

7. Septum
• Separates the left
and right heart
• Interatrial – top
part of the
septum
• Interventricular –
bottom part of the
septum

8. The Four Chambers
• Right Atrium
• Right Ventricle
• Left Atrium
• Left Ventricle

9. The Four Chambers
• Right Atrium
– receives
blood from
the superior
and inferior
vena cava

10. The Four Chambers
• Right
Ventricle –
pumps blood
to the lungs

11. The Four Chambers
• Left Atrium –
receives
oxygenated
blood from
the lungs

12. The Four Chambers
• Left Ventricle –
pumps
oxygenated
blood to the
rest of the
body, strongest
chamber

13. Valves
▪ Valves are important to
control the flow of
blood from one
chamber of the heart to
another.
▪ Valves allow blood to
flow in only one
direction

14. Heart Valves
Tricuspid valve – opening between right atria and
right ventricle
Pulmonary semilunar valve – opening between
right ventricle and pulmonary artery
Mitral valve (also called bicuspid) – opening
between left atrium and left ventricle
Aortic semilunar valve – located between left
ventricle and aorta

15. Valves
• Chordae
tendineae –
threads, keep
valve flaps
from flipping
up into the
atria

16. Valves
• Right
Atrioventricular
(tricuspid valve) –
between the right
atrium and right
ventricle, has 3
flaps, prevents
blood from flowing
back into the right
atrium

17. Valves
• Pulmonic
(semilunar valve)
– between the
right ventricle and
the pulmonary
artery, prevents
blood from
flowing back into
the right ventricle

18. Valves
• Left Atrioventricular
(bicuspid valve) –
between the left
atrium and left
ventricle, prevents
blood from flowing
back into the left
atrium, has 2 flaps
(mitral valve)

19. Valves
• Aortic Valve –
between the
left ventricle
and the aorta,
prevents blood
from flowing
back into the
left ventricle