The document outlines the functions and mechanisms of the heart, detailing its role in the circulatory system, the cardiac cycle, and the effects of coronary artery disease. It describes the symptoms of heart-related issues such as angina, heart attacks, and hypertension, and discusses various diagnostic tests and treatment options including lifestyle changes, angioplasty, and bypass surgery. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of prevention through regular medical checkups and healthy lifestyle choices.

2. Heart – pumps blood in body Blood – carries important oxygen, food, & waste through body Blood Vessels - routes blood travels 3 Major Parts of the Circulatory system

3. Our heart is a muscular organ that acts like a pump to send blood throughout our body all the time. The Heart

4. The complete round of cardiac systole and diastole with the intervals between, or commencing with, any event in the hearts action to the moment when that same event is repeated. .The frequency of the cardiac cycle is the heart rate . Cardiac Cycle

5. There are 4 chambers - 2 upper chambers : Left Atrium Right Atrium 2 lower chambers : Left Ventricle Right Ventricle Parts of the Heart

7. Lub If you listen to your heartbeat, it makes a lub dub sound. The lub is when blood is pushed out of the heart into the body and the dub is the reloading of the heart with more blood ready to push it out to the body Dub

8. Blood with little oxygen is pumped from the Right Atrium through a valve to the Right Ventricle and through another valve into the Pulmonary Vein. The Pulmonary Vein sends it to the Lungs to pick up Oxygen. It’s sent from the Lungs through Pulmonary Arteries to the Left Atrium through a valve to the Left Ventricle. The Left Ventricle sends it through a valve to the Aorta. The Flow of Blood

9. Heart Rate can be determined using a Stethoscope

10. Electrocardiogram (ECG) can trace conduction of electrical signals through the heart

12. ECG (regular)

13. Aberrant ECG patterns indicate damage

14. Coronary Artery Disease Coronary artery disease is one of the most common and serious effects of aging. Fatty deposits build up in blood vessel walls and narrow the passageway for the movement of blood. The resulting condition, called atherosclerosis often leads to eventual blockage of the coronary arteries and a “heart attack”.

15. None:. Blood to your heart may be restricted due to CAD, but you don’t feel any effects. Chest pain: If your coronary arteries can’t supply enough blood to meet the oxygen demands of your heart, the result may be chest pain called angina. Heart attack: Results when an artery to your heart muscle becomes completely blocked Signs & Symptoms None Chest Pain Shortness Of Breath Heart Attack Signs and Symptoms

17. High blood cholesterol High blood pressure Smoking Obesity Lack of physical activity Causes

19. Blood tests: used to evaluate kidney and thyroid function as well as to check cholesterol levels and the presence of anemia. Chest X-ray: shows the size of your heart and whether there is fluid build up around the heart and lungs. Echocardiogram: shows a graphic outline of the heart’s movement Ejection fraction (EF): determines how well your heart pumps with each beat. TESTS

20. Many people are able to manage coronary artery disease with lifestyle changes and medications. Other people with severe coronary artery disease may need angioplasty or surgery. Preventions of Coronary artery disease

22. Treatment 1) Stenting a stent is introduced into a blood vessel on a balloon into the blocked area of the artery. the balloon is then inflated and causes the stent to expand until it fits the inner wall of the vessel, conforming to contours as needed the balloon is then deflated and drawn back The stent stays in place permanently, holding the vessel open and improving the flow of blood.

23. Treatment 2) Angioplasty a balloon is passed through the guiding catheter to the area near the narrowing. the angioplasty catheter is moved over the guide wire until the balloon is within the narrowed segment. balloon is inflated, compressing the plaque against the artery wall once plaque has been compressed and the artery has been sufficiently opened, the balloon catheter will be deflated and removed.

24. Treatment 3) Bypass surgery healthy blood vessel is removed from leg, arm or chest blood vessel is used to create new blood flow path in your heart the “bypass graft” enables blood to reach your heart by flowing around (bypassing) the blocked portion of the diseased artery. The increased blood flow reduces angina and the risk of heart attack.

25. Heart transplants are done as a life-saving measure for end-stage heart failure when medical treatment and less drastic surgery have failed. They need to be sick enough to need a new heart, yet healthy enough to receive it. Heart Transplant

27. Hypertension, also referred to as high blood pressure, HTN or HPN, is a medical condition in which the blood pressure chronically elevated. Persistent hypertension is one of the risk factors for strokes and heart attacks . Hypertension

28. 1. Heart has to work harder; left ventricle enlarges 2. Atherosclerosis may affect coronary arteries as well (which have to work harder anyway)  heart disease 3. Deficient blood supply to other parts of body damage to blood vessels accumulates heart failure Consequences

29. Reduce Heart rate. Reduce calcium flow into heart Quit smoking adjust diet exercise Treatment of high blood pressure

30. A heart attack occurs when blood flow to a section of heart muscle becomes blocked. If the flow of blood isn ’ t restored quickly, the section of heart muscle becomes damaged from lack of oxygen and begins to die. . Cardiac Arrest

31. Severe problems linked to heart attack can include heart failure and life-threatening arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats). A defibrillator is used to restart the pumping of the blood after a cardiac arrest by giving the patient electric shocks ranging from 200-300 joules. Continued…….

32. Fatality of Heart Attack Heart Attack in 3-D

33. Get regular medical checkups. Control your blood pressure. Check your cholesterol. Don’t smoke. Exercise regularly. Eat a heart-healthy diet. Manage stress. Preventions

34. Heart is one of the vital organs in the human body. Heart attack can happen to anyone even if you are healthy. Obesity, high blood pressure and high cholesterol can increase the risk of developing heart disease .

35. “ The human heart feels things the eyes cannot see, and knows what the mind cannot understand ” -Robert Valett “ What gets us into trouble is not what we don ’ t know, its what we know that just ain ’ t so. ” - Mark Twain

36. Satnam Singh Aniruddh Sharma Nehal Bahl G u rshaan Singh Jaskaran Singh Chadha