1. P3 outline the gross structure of all the
main body systems
Structure and Function of the
Major Body Systems.
You have been employed by a
local hospital to help develop
resources for a group of trainee
nurses. You are required to
produce a detailed booklet
outlining the structure and
function of the major body
systems.
The booklet should cover the
following areas;
• Cardiovascular system
• Respiratory system
• Digestive system
• Renal system
• Nervous system
• Endocrine system
• Musculo-skeletal system
• Immune system
• Lymphatic system
• Reproductive system (male and
female)
2. What do you know
about the heart?
- On a post it note, come up with any terms you know or can
remember about the structure of the heart.
(particularly the structure)
3. Year 12
The Heart
LO = Recall the structure of the heart and
how it’s structure relates to function
6.1
4. The Human Heart
The heart is a muscular organ
located between the lungs in
the centre of the chest
(thorax), and is about the size
of a fist.
It pumps blood continuously
around the body. It pumps
blood around the body at
different speeds and pressures
according to the body’s needs.
It is divided into two halves, left
and right. Each half acts as a
separate pump
5.
6. The Human heart
consists of four
chambers.
Each half consists
of an upper atrium
and a lower ventricle.
7. Two upper chambers,
called the atria, are
thin walled cavities that
receive blood
from veins.
Two lower chambers,
called the ventricles,
are thick walled
cavities that receive
blood from the atria
and pump blood away
from the heart
through artiers .
The cavity of the
heart is divided
completely by a
partition called the
SEPTUM
Septum
8. The left side of the heart pumps
oxygenated blood out into
the body’s arteries via the AORTA
Deoxygenated blood
returns to the right side
of the heart via the
VENA CAVA
Deoxygenated blood is
pumped to the lungs via the
PULMONARY
ARTERY
The left side of the
heart receives oxygenated
blood from the lungs via the
PULMONARY VEINS
RIGHT HAND SIDE LEFT HAND SIDE
Atrioventricular valve
Atrioventricular valve
Semilunar valvesSemilunar valves
10. USE THE TERMS BELOW:
(ignore valves for now!)
Left Ventricle
Right Ventricle
Left Atrium
Right Atrium
Septum
Aorta
Pulmonary Artery
Pulmonary Vein
Superior Vena Cava
Inferior Vena Cava
Tricuspid valve
Bicuspid valve
TASK: LABEL THE PARTS OF THE HEART
(ALWAYS STATE LEFT OR RIGHT!!!)
EXTENSION: Why are the walls of atria thinner than the walls of the ventricles and
why is the left ventricle wall thicker than the right ventricle wall?
11. Right
atrium Left
atrium
Right
ventricle
Left
ventricle
The direction of blood flow through the heart is maintained be valves
Between the atrium and
The ventricles are the
ATRIOVENTRICULAR (AV) VALVES
Atrioventricular
(AV) valves
Atrioventricular
(AV) valves
This valve prevents the backflow
of blood from the ventricles
to the atrium
Pocket-shapes valves known
as SEMILUNAR VALVES are
located at the base of the arteries
responsible for transporting
blood away from the heart and
preventing black flow in to
ventricles Semilunar
valves
Aorta
Pulmonary
Artery
Valves
12. Valves viewed from above
Thinner-
walled right
ventricle
Thicker-
walled left
ventricle
AV Valve AV Valve
Semi-lunar
valve
Semi-lunar
valve
Heart Valves
14. KEY TERMS
The aorta is connected to the left ventricle and carries oxygenated
blood to all parts of the body except the lungs.
The vena cava is connected to the right atrium and brings
deoxygenated blood back from the tissues of the body.
The pulmonary artery is connected to the right ventricle and carries
deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
The Pulmonary vein is connected to the left atrium and brings
oxygenated blood back from the lungs.
The semi-lunar valves are found in the aorta and pulmonary artery.
They prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles.
The atrioventricular (AV) valve lie between the atria and ventricles.
They stop the blood flowing back from the ventricles into the atria.
They have strong fibres and cords to stop them turning inside out.
16. Left side of the heart receives
Oxygenated blood and delivers
it to the body tissues
Deoxygenated blood and
delivers it to the lungs
Right side of the heart receives
Editor's Notes
Boardworks AS Biology
The Heart
All the diagrams you look at you need to make sure you know your rights from your left.
The left hand side on this diagram is your right and right hand side on this diagram is actually your left and this is because
Your looking at the heart from the front.
The heart has four chambers as you can see – the right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle and left ventricle.
Does anyone know why the heart has four chambers? This is because the heart recieves both oxygenated blood from the lungs and deoxygenated blood from the body so this must be kept separate.
Deoxyganted blood appears blue and oxygenated blood appears red.
What is the difference between arteries and veins?
Arteries leave the heart
Veins go towards the heart
Why do you think the heart is divided?
DEMO ROUND THE FRONT using model
We have talked about how atria receive blood from veins and ventricles pump blood away from the year through arteries
But you need to know the name of these arteries and veins and where they go and come from.
The vena cava is known as the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava.
SUPERIOR – upper half of the body (S - Sky = up)
INFERIOR – lower half of body (F – Floor = down)
The second half of this video will be stuff we will cover in the forthcoming lessons
Always state left of right to ensure you get the mark –
EXTENSION QUESTION – the further the part of the hear has to pump the thicker the wall
What do you think the purpose of valves in the heart are?
What do you think the purpose of atrioventricular valves are?
What do you think the purpose of the semilnar valves are?
