4. TIME TO DO SOME COLOURING IN! (1 Pack per study
buddy)
Rule 1. Have fun
Rule 2. If you find a term that you do not know then research
it on your mobile device
Rule 3. Make as many notes on the sheets as possible to help
with your video!
5.
6. Component
Epiglottis
Trachea
Bronchus
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Diaphragm
Intercostal
muscles
Structure
•Small flap of cartilage
•Tube which carriers air
•Covered in hairs (Cilia)
•Surrounded by C-shaped cartilage
rings (Protect)
•Cartilage rings
•Smooth muscle
•Further division of bronchi
•Very narrow tubes
•Lead to alveoli
•Air sacs
•Thin walls
•Muscle that sits underneath lungs
•Attached to the ribs and sternum
•Base of thoracic cavity
•Muscles that sit between the ribs
•Internal and external
Function
Prevents food entering the
trachea
Also known as the wind pipe;
passage for oxygen to travel
through
Splits trachea into two tube to
allow oxygen in right and left
lungs
Allows oxygen to filter into
alveoli
Site for exchange of gasses
Enables thoracic cavity to be
increased and decreased
Enables thoracic cavity to be
increased and decreased
7. Respiratory Volumes
• Tidal Volume
Amount of air moved in and out of the lungs in once breath
Residual Volume
Amount of air left in the lungs after exhalation
Vital Capacity
Maximum amount of air that can be inhaled and exhaled in
one breath
9. Inspiration
Diaphragm flattens and stretches lungs
downward
Intercostals pull the ribcage up and out
causing the lungs to stretch
Expansion of air causes a drop in air
pressure in the lungs
Air in the lungs is at a lower pressure than
the air outside, so air enters the lungs
10. Expiration
Diaphragm relaxes
Intercostals relax
Lungs recoil
Volume of air in the lungs decreases causing an increase in the air
pressure
Air flows from higher to lower pressure so the air flows out of the
lungs
11. Intercostal and Diaphragm Muscles
(Dugdale, 2009)
Diaphragm
Dome shaped muscle
Separates thoracic cavity
from abdominals
Intercostal Muscles
Changes the shape rib cage
during breathing
External intercostals contract to
breathe in
15. Diffusion
Oxygen (02) is required in tissues
Carbon dioxide (CO2) has to be removed
Exchange occurs through Diffusion
Movement of particles from a high concentration area, to a low
concentration area
Rule = Diffusion only occurs down a concentration gradient
Concentration (pressure ) oxygen in lungs must be higher than
concentration (pressure) in capillaries
16. Partial Pressure
•Individual pressure of a particular gas within a mixture of
gases
•Diffusion occurs from high to low concentrations
INHALED %
GAS
EXHALED %
79.04
Nitrogen
79
20.93
Oxygen
17
0.03
Carbon Dioxide
4
17. Exchange of Gases
Fast rate of diffusion occurs with:
Large surface area
Small distance between areas involved
Other Factors:
Capillary size
Moist surface of alveoli
Slow capillary blood flow = Complete Oxygenation
Haemoglobin – Magnet for oxygen
Internal Respiration
Exchange of gases in the bodies cells
Works similar to external respiration
Cell use of oxygen to make ATP
19. Neural and Chemical Control of
Breathing
Medulla Oblongata (Respiratory centre)
Impulses
Stretch receptors
Chemoreceptors
Lactic acid
Editor's Notes
Page 6 in Books
Page 6 in Books
Page 6 in Books
Link Breathing to Gaseous exchange. Where does it occur? How Does it occur?
Page 7 in Books
Page 7 in Books
ACTIVITY -
Turn Two Tables Upside Down
Table 1 (ALVEOLI)
3 Students being “Oxygen”
1 Student being “Carbon Dioxide”
Table 2 (CAPILLARIES)
3 Students being “Carbon Dioxide”
1 Student being “Oxygen”
Which partial pressure of Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen has highest concentration?
Let them diffuse
Link to oxygenated and deoxygenated blood