What is Stress?
Stress is a feeling of emotional or physical tension.
A non-specific response of the body, or the body’s reaction to a demanding situation.
Why Stress Happens!!
Stress is a normal part of life, especially during changes in life.
Childhood
Adolescence
Young adult
Marriage
Parenthood
middle age
Injury
Moving
Death of a loved one
Divorce
Retirement
Pregnancy
Define Eustress and Distress
1) EUSTRESS – Results from something good and we react positive.
Examples
The excitement of a roller-coaster ride, a scary movie, or a fun challenge
2) DISTRESS – Results from something bad and we react negative.
Examples
the death of a loved one, not getting into the college of our choice, or loosing our job.
Types of Stress
Acute stress. Its reaction occurs when symptoms develop due to a particularly stressful event.
Such as Natural disasters, such as floods, fires or earthquakes.
Chronic stress.
Feeling pressured and overwhelmed over a long period of time.
Such As aches and pains, weakness, unfocused thinking.
External Stress
External stress comes from the environment. Anything from noise, overcrowding and pollution to relationship/financial problems, major life changes, pressure from work/family or daily hassles.
Major life changes, such as death of a loved one, divorce,
Internal Stress
Internal stress is stress that comes from within us and is often the most common cause of stress.
Thoughts and feelings which cause unease such as unrealistic expectations.
Examples
Putting pressure on yourself to be perfect
or
Fear of public speaking.
Why Do We "Stress Out"?
We perceive a situation as dangerous, difficult, or painful.
We don't believe we have the resources to cope.
What Causes Stress?
Stressors- Physical, Emotional, Social
Stressors are things that cause stress. Almost everything is a stressor depending on the individual.
Family Relationships
School
Peer Groups/ Friends
Discrimination
Injury
Sickness
Fatigue
Physical Stress
Physical stress are physical conditions of your body and the environment that affect your physical well-being.
Thirst
Hunger
Lack of Sleep
Sickness
Accidents or Catastrophes
Ways to Mange Stress
Find a support system. Find someone to talk to about your feelings and experiences.
Change your attitude
Find other ways to think about stressful situations.
"Life is 10% what happens to us, and 90% how we react to it."
It is a known fact that stress is part of every educator’s life and that they experience this at a higher-than-average rate. This stress causes a phenomenon known as teacher burnout. Teachers who are adding to their already heavy load because they’re on the road to becoming entrepreneurs should have “preventing burnout” at the top of their priority list.
Presentation conducted by Health Services personnel, Malinda Shell, and I on January 26, 2011. Presented to coaches of various sports programs at Valley Football Center, Oregon State University
It is a known fact that stress is part of every educator’s life and that they experience this at a higher-than-average rate. This stress causes a phenomenon known as teacher burnout. Teachers who are adding to their already heavy load because they’re on the road to becoming entrepreneurs should have “preventing burnout” at the top of their priority list.
Presentation conducted by Health Services personnel, Malinda Shell, and I on January 26, 2011. Presented to coaches of various sports programs at Valley Football Center, Oregon State University
Stress is nothing else but a kind of pressure that affects a person in his daily life. We all some way or other are suffering from stress. It could be physical stress in form of frequent headaches, high blood pressure, chest pain etc or it could be emotional or behavioural stress like anger, sadness excess drinking etc
AnnMarie O'Brien, Social Worker at The Royal, presented on the signs and symptoms of depression, risk factors for depression in women, and what we can do about it.
140829 nz ps s - working well forum - Fatigue Management StrategiesFrank O'Connor
Learning fast. Working hard. Achieving well. Burning out. Is the sequence inevitable for anyone? The link from fatigue through stress to depressive and anxious overloads indicates a need in New Zealand workplaces for assistance in identifying workers at risk. Medical emphasis on clinical criteria delays provision of assistance, when compared to the loss of work functional effectiveness. The stigma of mental illness prevents a considerable proportion from self disclosing, and perhaps from self-identifying. Many people tend to say they are doing fine, even when they know they are not, because it is embarrassing to admit to being a mental health failure. But self-report of the sensations of fatigue on a regular basis appears to offer early indications of individual overload. Reviews of group interactions that are particularly sensitive to losses as fatigue rises appear to indicate team overload. Early intervention for all personnel (not just those ‘failing’ to meet a threshold) assists team members in supporting those most affected, with benefits for the whole team as well as the individuals most at risk. There are similar approaches possible to use the strengths of groups to support members experiencing stress, mood losses and worry.
My limbs quail, my mouth goes dry, my body shakes and my hair stands on end”
(from Bhagwat Gita Chapter I verse29)
This is a situation of a person going through the extremely stressful situation.
Overview of presentation
DEFINITION
TYPE OF STRESS
STRESSORS
SUICIDE : Stress is a big cause
GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME
STRESS MEASURMENT
EFFECT ON HEALTH
STRESS MANAGEMENT
STRESS MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES
Stress is the body’s automatic response to any physical or mental demand placed on it.
Stress is the human reaction to events in our environment
Stress is nothing else but a kind of pressure that affects a person in his daily life. We all some way or other are suffering from stress. It could be physical stress in form of frequent headaches, high blood pressure, chest pain etc or it could be emotional or behavioural stress like anger, sadness excess drinking etc
AnnMarie O'Brien, Social Worker at The Royal, presented on the signs and symptoms of depression, risk factors for depression in women, and what we can do about it.
140829 nz ps s - working well forum - Fatigue Management StrategiesFrank O'Connor
Learning fast. Working hard. Achieving well. Burning out. Is the sequence inevitable for anyone? The link from fatigue through stress to depressive and anxious overloads indicates a need in New Zealand workplaces for assistance in identifying workers at risk. Medical emphasis on clinical criteria delays provision of assistance, when compared to the loss of work functional effectiveness. The stigma of mental illness prevents a considerable proportion from self disclosing, and perhaps from self-identifying. Many people tend to say they are doing fine, even when they know they are not, because it is embarrassing to admit to being a mental health failure. But self-report of the sensations of fatigue on a regular basis appears to offer early indications of individual overload. Reviews of group interactions that are particularly sensitive to losses as fatigue rises appear to indicate team overload. Early intervention for all personnel (not just those ‘failing’ to meet a threshold) assists team members in supporting those most affected, with benefits for the whole team as well as the individuals most at risk. There are similar approaches possible to use the strengths of groups to support members experiencing stress, mood losses and worry.
My limbs quail, my mouth goes dry, my body shakes and my hair stands on end”
(from Bhagwat Gita Chapter I verse29)
This is a situation of a person going through the extremely stressful situation.
Overview of presentation
DEFINITION
TYPE OF STRESS
STRESSORS
SUICIDE : Stress is a big cause
GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME
STRESS MEASURMENT
EFFECT ON HEALTH
STRESS MANAGEMENT
STRESS MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES
Stress is the body’s automatic response to any physical or mental demand placed on it.
Stress is the human reaction to events in our environment
This comprehensive PDF guide, "How To Manage Stress - Stress Management," offers a detailed and practical approach to dealing with stress in various aspects of life. The document provides valuable insights into understanding the sources of stress and offers a range of effective stress management techniques. From practical tips for handling workplace stress to strategies for promoting emotional well-being, this PDF is a go-to resource for individuals seeking actionable steps to navigate and alleviate the challenges posed by stress. Whether you are looking to enhance your mental resilience or seeking holistic approaches to stress reduction, this guide is designed to empower you with the knowledge and tools needed for successful stress management. Download the PDF now and embark on a journey towards a healthier, more balanced lifestyle.
Project Innovative Solutions for Sustainable Urban Developmenty Doleh Khan.pdfDolehKhan
Description: Embark on a transformative journey with our project that seeks to revolutionize urban development through innovative and sustainable solutions. This initiative explores cutting-edge strategies, technologies, and community-driven approaches to address the challenges faced by urban environments. Join us in shaping a future where cities thrive, balancing economic prosperity, social inclusivity, and environmental resilience.
Literature Review: A Comprehensive Exploration of Key ThemesDolehKhan
Description: Delve into this literature review document, where critical themes are meticulously examined and synthesized. This comprehensive resource provides a thorough overview of existing research, offering insights and perspectives that contribute to a deeper understanding of the subject matter.
Research Thesis sample for BBA Student.pdfDolehKhan
Title: "Research Thesis Sample for BBA Student.pdf"
Description: Explore this insightful research thesis sample tailored for BBA students, offering a comprehensive illustration of effective research methodologies and structuring. This resource provides a valuable example for students navigating the complexities of their Business Administration studies, offering guidance on research formulation, analysis, and presentation.
The presentation titled "Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSP)" likely delves into the critical framework and strategies employed to address poverty on a national scale. PRSPs are comprehensive documents developed by countries in collaboration with international financial institutions to outline their approach to poverty reduction. This presentation may explore the key components of PRSPs, such as the identification of poverty challenges, policy measures, and the allocation of resources to uplift vulnerable populations.
Expect to find insights into how these papers serve as a roadmap for countries to achieve sustainable development goals, enhance social safety nets, and promote inclusive economic growth. The presentation may also shed light on the role of stakeholders, including government agencies, civil society, and international partners, in implementing and monitoring the effectiveness of PRSPs. Through a detailed examination of Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers, the presentation likely aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the global efforts and strategies in the ongoing fight against poverty.
Resistance towards the Aurat March In Pakistan.DolehKhan
The resistance towards the Aurat March in Pakistan reflects a complex interplay of societal, cultural, and ideological factors. The Aurat March, an annual event advocating for women's rights and gender equality, has faced opposition from various segments of the society. Some of the resistance can be attributed to deeply ingrained cultural norms and conservative beliefs that perceive the march as challenging traditional values.
Critics argue that the Aurat March may be perceived as a threat to established social hierarchies, stirring discomfort among those who resist change. Misinterpretations and misinformation about the goals of the march also contribute to resistance, as some individuals may not fully grasp the inclusive and rights-based nature of the movement.
Religious conservatism plays a significant role in the opposition, with some interpreting the march as conflicting with traditional interpretations of Islamic values. Additionally, there are concerns that the march might challenge patriarchal structures that have long dominated societal dynamics.
Understanding the sources of resistance is crucial for fostering dialogue and addressing misconceptions. It requires nuanced conversations that acknowledge diverse perspectives while emphasizing the fundamental principles of equality, justice, and empowerment that underlie the Aurat March and similar movements advocating for women's rights in Pakistan.
Environmental change and Sustainable DevelopmentDolehKhan
The term “sustainable development” first came to prominence in the world Conservation Strategy (WCS) in 1980.
the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held in Rio de Jenerio in June 1992.
Generally Development is the gradual growth of a situation that becomes more advanced and strong than previous one.
What are leadership styles and personal experience?DolehKhan
Individual authority style
I accept that an authority style alludes to a pioneer's trademark practices while coordinating, persuading, directing, and dealing with a gathering. I might want to depict my initiative style as immediate, and driving by a specific model. I appreciate appointing errands and starting to lead the pack on society's requirements, however I likewise prefer to remain involved and rouse my group by showing that I am working active to help them, as well. Additionally, I think my assets as a pioneer are powerful assignment and correspondence. So many authority styles exploit those qualities. I generally attempt to appoint assignments to whoever is ideally suited to perform well in the undertaking, and I attempt to convey plainly about what should be done, and why. My administration depends on navigation, tuning in, decisive reasoning, training, rousing, and inspiring for accomplishing with arranging objectives.
Body Exercise, body rotation, interaction, and much moreDolehKhan
Exercise is the best natural power which we can used to manage daily life activities and people interaction with the efforts and developmental sections.
I believe and exercise and manage my body work and development
As different systems and parts of the body send signals to the brain, they alert the hypothalamus to any
unbalanced factors that need addressing. The hypothalamus then responds by releasing the right hormones
into the bloodstream to balance the body.
One example of this is the remarkable ability of a human being to maintain an internal temperature of 98.6
°Fahrenheit (ºF).
Pituitary gland - The pituitary gland receives signals from the hypothalamus. This gland has two lobes, the
posterior and anterior lobes. The posterior lobe secretes hormones that are made by the hypothalamus. The
anterior lobe produces its own hormones, several of which act on
other endocrine glands.
As different systems and parts of the body send signals to the brain, they alert the hypothalamus to any
unbalanced factors that need addressing. The hypothalamus then responds by releasing the right hormones
into the bloodstream to balance the body.
One example of this is the remarkable ability of a human being to maintain an internal temperature of 98.6
°Fahrenheit (ºF).
Pituitary gland - The pituitary gland receives signals from the hypothalamus. This gland has two lobes, the
posterior and anterior lobes. The posterior lobe secretes hormones that are made by the hypothalamus. The
anterior lobe produces its own hormones, several of which act on
other endocrine glands.
Women status of during great Mughal's periodDolehKhan
Status of Women In India during great Mughal's Period
The role of women in India has in fact been a ‘loss and gain’ business, with their influence fluctuating from time to time. This book attempts to examine the contribution of women in the field of literature under the Islamic rule in India. During the Sultanate as well as the Mughal period, although the status of women was comparatively lower than their male counterparts, this period saw some significant literary contributions from women. This book first analyses the status of women during the Islamic rule in India and participation of women in Mughal’s field, and then outlines their significant literary contributions.
About Author: Dev Tiwari, He is PhD & Researcher, Department of Persian Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, and New Delhi, India. He writes many books at Persian Education. He like to analyze the history of Great Mughal’s and including the status of women in Mogul’s period.
Keywords: Mughal period, Persian literature, Women in Persian, Female Education
Introduction: -
The status of women saw a great decline in the medieval period, slowly worsening their position in the society. During this period, female infanticide, child marriage, Purdah, Jauhar, and Sati were the main social evils contributing to the low status of women and hindering their overall development.
Grounded theory define, types, explanation DolehKhan
Grounded theory is a research method concerned with the generation of
theory, which is grounded in data that has been systematically collected
and analyzed. It is used to uncover such things as social relationships and
behaviors of groups, known as social processes. It is a general
methodology for developing theory that is grounded in data which is
systematically gathered and analyzed.
Basically Grounded theory: It was developed in California, USA by Glaser and
Strauss during their study Awareness of Dying.
Phobia, definition, causes, effects, and moreDolehKhan
The word phobia is derived from the Greek phobos meaning extreme fear and flight.
The ancient Greek god, Phobos, was believed to be able to reduce the enemies of the Greeks to a state of abject terror, making victory in battle more likely.
Doleh fatal image of abortion in pakistanDolehKhan
Definition of Abortion
Report of UNDP
Abortion ratio in Pakistan
Literature
Pakistan Panel Code
Holy Quran Verses
Unsafe condition of Abortion
National Survey on Abortion
Conclusion
The deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often performed during the first 28 weeks of pregnancy.
Counseling skills, and responding, active listeningDolehKhan
“The process of assisting and guiding clients, especially by a trained person on a professional basis, to resolve especially personal, social, or psychological problems and difficulties.”
According to Jan Sutton and William Stewart in 2008 Learning to Counsel: Develop the Skills, Insight and knowledge to counsel others.
Gender stereotype difination, effects, causes, and solutions DolehKhan
GENDER STEREOTYPES
Gender stereotype is beliefs about the personal attributes of females and males.
Personal attributes?
Personal attributes basically means traits that make up your personality, which define who you are as a person.
For example these could be personal attributes to describe someone: outgoing, extrovert, open.
Attitudes, feelings, and behaviors that a given culture associates with a person’s biological sex,
GENDER STEREOTYPES
Gender stereotype is beliefs about the personal attributes of females and males.
Personal attributes?
Personal attributes basically means traits that make up your personality, which define who you are as a person.
For example these could be personal attributes to describe someone: outgoing, extrovert, open.
Attitudes, feelings, and behaviors that a given culture associates with a person’s biological sex,
In social psychology, a stereotype is a fixed, over generalized belief about a particular group or class of people.
Term “Stereotype "was coined by “Walter Lippmann”. He defines the term in his 1922 book, Public Opinion, as “the pictures in our heads" that we have of a specific group of people.
Gender is the classification by which words as feminine, masculine or the sex of the person. Define as Gender expression includes all the ways a person communicates their gender based on societal factors such as gender norms and perceptions.
Sexual orientation
An inherent or immutable enduring emotional, romantic or sexual attraction to other people.
Straight
As a sexual orientation, heterosexuality is "an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions" to persons of the opposite sex; it "also refers to a person's sense of identity based on those attractions, related behaviors, and membership in a community of others who share those attractions."
Bisexuality is an attraction to more than one gender. Those who identify as bisexual feel a sexual and/or romantic attraction to people of a different gender as well as their own. While this offers a basic definition, bisexual people are a diverse group. Each individual perceives their sexual orientation differently.
Pan-sexual definition
Typically, people who identify as pansexual can feel an attraction to anyone, including individuals who do not identify as a specific gender. Pansexual people may describe their attraction as focusing on personality rather than gender.
For example, people with a pansexual orientation may feel an attraction to the personality of someone who is a gender. They might equally find a female, male, or gender-fluid person attractive. It is important to note that identifying as pansexual does not mean feeling attracted to everyone, just as a heterosexual male does not feel an attraction to every female, and vice versa.
Asexuality
Asexuality is the lack of sexual attraction to others, or low or absent interest in or desire for sexual activity. It may be considered a sexual orientation or the lack thereof. It may also be categorized more widely to include a broad spectrum of asexual sub-identities.
Queer
Queer is an umbrella term for people who reject heteronormativity. It is also used as a self-identity label with respect to sexual orientation and/or gender identity.
Heteronormativity
Heteronormativity is the concept that heterosexuality is the preferred or normal mode of sexual orientation. It assumes the gender binary (i.e., that there are only two distinct, opposite genders) and that sexual and marital relations are most fitting between people of opposite sex.
Gay
Gay is a term that primarily refers to a homosexual person or the trait of being homosexual. The term originally meant 'carefree', 'cheerful', or 'bright and showy'. While scant usage referring to male homosexuality dates to the late 19th century, that meaning became increasingly common by the mid-20th century.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
3. Stress is a feeling of emotional or
physical tension.
A non-specific response of the
body, or the body’s reaction to a
demanding situation.
Counseling for women and distress 3
4. •Stress is a normal part of life, especially during changes in life.
Counseling for women and distress
4
Childhood
Adolescence
Young adult
Marriage
Parenthood
middle age
Injury
Moving
Death of a loved one
Divorce
Retirement
Pregnancy
5. – Results from
something good and we react
positive.
Examples
The excitement of a roller-coaster ride, a scary
movie, or a fun challenge
2) – Results from
something bad and we react
negative.
Examples
the death of a loved one, not getting into the
college of our choice, or loosing our job.
Counseling for women and distress 5
7. ADD A FOOTER 7
• Acute stress. Its reaction occurs when symptoms
develop due to a particularly stressful event.
• Such as Natural disasters, such as floods, fires or
earthquakes.
• Chronic stress.
• Feeling pressured and overwhelmed over a long period of time.
• Such As aches and pains, weakness, unfocused thinking.
Types of Stress
8. ADD A FOOTER 8
External stress comes from the environment.
Anything from noise, overcrowding and pollution
to relationship/financial problems, major life
changes, pressure from work/family or daily
hassles.
Major life changes, such as death of a loved
one, divorce,
External Stress
9. 9
• Internal stress is stress that comes from within us and is often
the most common cause of stress.
• Thoughts and feelings which cause unease such as unrealistic
expectations.
• Putting pressure on yourself to be perfect
• or
• Fear of public speaking.
Internal Stress
10. Counseling for women and distress
10
• We perceive a
situation as
dangerous, difficult,
or painful.
• We don't believe we
have the resources
to cope.
"Stress Out"
11. Stressors-
• Stressors are things that cause stress.
Almost everything is a stressor depending on
the individual.
• Family Relationships
• School
• Peer Groups/ Friends
• Discrimination
• Injury
• Sickness
• Fatigue Counseling for women and distress
11
12. Physical stress are physical conditions of your body and the environment that affect your
physical well-being.
Including these
• Thirst
• Hunger
• Lack of Sleep
• Sickness
• Accidents or Catastrophes
Counseling for women and distress
12
13. Emotional stress are the stressors that affect
your physical and emotional well-being.
Counseling for women and distress
13
• Worry
• Fear
• Grief
• Depression
• Anger
15. Social stress arise from your relationships
with other people.
• Family
• Friends
• Teachers
• Employers
• Peers
Counseling for women and distress
16. 16
An “Alarm Stage” which is referred to as
This is when the body reacts to the stressor.
During the alarm phase, adrenaline is released.
Anything that causes you to worry or get excited, or
causes emotional or physical changes can start the
alarm reaction.
is the body’s natural protective
technique. We react the same to both positive and
negative types of stress.
1. Engage in a fight
2. Or run for our lives Counseling for women and distress
17. Counseling for women and distress
17
Backaches
Shortness of breath
Muscle tension
Difficulty sleeping
Headaches
Neck-aches
Increased blood pressure
Diarrhea
Upset stomach
Vomiting
18. Counseling for women and distress
18
Negative Effects of Stress
1. Physical
- Weight gain/loss
- Unexpected hair loss
- Heart palpitations
- High blood pressure
2. Emotional
- Mood swings
- Anxiety
- Can lead to depression
• Can also lead to unhealthy coping
strategies (i.e. alcohol, drugs, etc)
19. ADD A FOOTER 19
It is a set of techniques and
programs intended to help people
deal more effectively with stress in
their life.
Think Positively as like opportunity
Negative increase burden or
pressure
20. Counseling for women and distress
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One of the best and most
productive ways to handle stress
is to exercise. Exercise releases
stress reducing chemicals in the
body called Endorphins.
• Eat a Healthy Diet
Your diet can create a great deal of stress
within your body and its systems. Your
body cannot function properly without
adequate nutrition.
Get Enough Sleep
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Find a support system. Find
someone to talk to about your
feelings and experiences.
Change your attitude
Find other ways to think about
stressful situations.
"Life is 10% what happens to us,
and 90% how we react to it."
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Set practical goals for
dealing with situations and
solving problems.
Develop realistic expectations
of yourself and others.
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Plan your time, make a schedule,
establish your priorities.
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Counseling for women and distress
