“The process of assisting and guiding clients, especially by a trained person on a professional basis, to resolve especially personal, social, or psychological problems and difficulties.”
According to Jan Sutton and William Stewart in 2008 Learning to Counsel: Develop the Skills, Insight and knowledge to counsel others.
NBCC, NAADAC, CAADAC, CBBS, Florida approved continuing education series in mental health, substance abuse and dual disorders counseling for nurses, counselors, therapists, social workers and addictions professionals.
Guidance and Counselling for children. The basic skills which need to be mastered by a counselor to provide effective service.
Attending skills, listening skills, paying attention skills, giving responses skills, identifying problems skills and intervention skills.
NBCC, NAADAC, CAADAC, CBBS, Florida approved continuing education series in mental health, substance abuse and dual disorders counseling for nurses, counselors, therapists, social workers and addictions professionals.
Guidance and Counselling for children. The basic skills which need to be mastered by a counselor to provide effective service.
Attending skills, listening skills, paying attention skills, giving responses skills, identifying problems skills and intervention skills.
Characteristics of an effective counsellorBhushan Rajput
counselling is the profession with high responsibility. It needs deeper knowledge and high skills. A good counselor is one who has knowldege of both, theory and practicum
Characteristics of an effective counsellorBhushan Rajput
counselling is the profession with high responsibility. It needs deeper knowledge and high skills. A good counselor is one who has knowldege of both, theory and practicum
The counselling process; Stages of the counselling processSunil Krishnan
The counselling process:
Stages of the counselling process
Stage 1: Initial Disclosure
Stage 2: In-depth Exploration
Stage 3: Commitment to action
Three stages of Counselling in Perspective
Counselling …………………………………………………………………
Counselling and Psychotherapy………………………………………
The Role of the Counsellor……………………………………………
Counselling Skills ……………………………………………………
Stages of the counselling process: …………………………………………
Some Misconceptions About Counselling ……………………………
The Counselling Process ………………………………………………
Stage 1: Relationship Building - Initial Disclosure ………………………
Stage 2: In-Depth Exploration - Problem Assessment ………………….
Stage 3: Goal Setting - Commitment to Action ………………………….…
Guidelines for Selecting and Defining Goals ………………………..
Summary ………………………………………………………………
Three stages of Counselling in Perspective …………………………………
Psychoanalytic theory ……………………………………………..…
Benefits and limitations of Psychoanalytic theory ……………
Psychodynamic Approach to Counselling …………………………
Id, Ego and Superego …………………………………………
Humanistic Theory …………………………………………………
Client Centred/Non Directive Counselling……………………
Benefits and limitations in relation …………………………
Humanistic Approach to Counselling …………………………………
Behaviour Theory …………………………………………………
Behavioural Approach to Counselling …………………………
Cognitive Theory …………………………………………………
A chapter on listening skills from the textbook, Communication Skills, developed by the Language Communication for Development Department at the Bunda College of Agriculture, University of Malawi.
A chapter on listening skills from the textbook, Communication Skills, developed by the Language Communication for Development Department at the Bunda College of Agriculture, University of Malawi.
This slides describe the importance of presentation and types of presentation
this slides help to you improve your presentation by verbal communication and non-verbal communication
it is also help to you for good presenter in your life
like and share must......
Getting along with people is very important for the success of any organized activity, this is particularly so because most work is accomplished by working together. Interpersonal Relations are very important in securing success and happiness, not just at the work place, but everywhere else, including our own sweet home. Ability to get along well, with people and circumstances is very important.
Listening skills by urbanista image consulting llpSheena Agarwal
Listening Skills is the most used communication skill and sadly none of us were educated in the art of listening. Remember: Hearing and Listening are not the same!
KW Inner Strength - Assertive and Effective Communication - SlideShare.pptxKarenWarren29
This presentation can help you to communicate assertively and effectively, particularly in a Team Leader or Line Manager role.
In a leadership role, you'll need to communicate effectively with people. We often get back what we give out so make your communication style positive and constructive to help define your expectations of people and to support them if they're struggling.
If you can make people feel safe, they'll usually tell you where they're at, and that can help you to develop effective work relationships and a proactive style of line management.
Our impact and influence are not usually about what we say, they're about how we say things. This presentation can help you to think about how you communicate in business to support individual and team success.
Similar to Counseling skills, and responding, active listening (20)
Project Innovative Solutions for Sustainable Urban Developmenty Doleh Khan.pdfDolehKhan
Description: Embark on a transformative journey with our project that seeks to revolutionize urban development through innovative and sustainable solutions. This initiative explores cutting-edge strategies, technologies, and community-driven approaches to address the challenges faced by urban environments. Join us in shaping a future where cities thrive, balancing economic prosperity, social inclusivity, and environmental resilience.
Literature Review: A Comprehensive Exploration of Key ThemesDolehKhan
Description: Delve into this literature review document, where critical themes are meticulously examined and synthesized. This comprehensive resource provides a thorough overview of existing research, offering insights and perspectives that contribute to a deeper understanding of the subject matter.
Research Thesis sample for BBA Student.pdfDolehKhan
Title: "Research Thesis Sample for BBA Student.pdf"
Description: Explore this insightful research thesis sample tailored for BBA students, offering a comprehensive illustration of effective research methodologies and structuring. This resource provides a valuable example for students navigating the complexities of their Business Administration studies, offering guidance on research formulation, analysis, and presentation.
The presentation titled "Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSP)" likely delves into the critical framework and strategies employed to address poverty on a national scale. PRSPs are comprehensive documents developed by countries in collaboration with international financial institutions to outline their approach to poverty reduction. This presentation may explore the key components of PRSPs, such as the identification of poverty challenges, policy measures, and the allocation of resources to uplift vulnerable populations.
Expect to find insights into how these papers serve as a roadmap for countries to achieve sustainable development goals, enhance social safety nets, and promote inclusive economic growth. The presentation may also shed light on the role of stakeholders, including government agencies, civil society, and international partners, in implementing and monitoring the effectiveness of PRSPs. Through a detailed examination of Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers, the presentation likely aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the global efforts and strategies in the ongoing fight against poverty.
Resistance towards the Aurat March In Pakistan.DolehKhan
The resistance towards the Aurat March in Pakistan reflects a complex interplay of societal, cultural, and ideological factors. The Aurat March, an annual event advocating for women's rights and gender equality, has faced opposition from various segments of the society. Some of the resistance can be attributed to deeply ingrained cultural norms and conservative beliefs that perceive the march as challenging traditional values.
Critics argue that the Aurat March may be perceived as a threat to established social hierarchies, stirring discomfort among those who resist change. Misinterpretations and misinformation about the goals of the march also contribute to resistance, as some individuals may not fully grasp the inclusive and rights-based nature of the movement.
Religious conservatism plays a significant role in the opposition, with some interpreting the march as conflicting with traditional interpretations of Islamic values. Additionally, there are concerns that the march might challenge patriarchal structures that have long dominated societal dynamics.
Understanding the sources of resistance is crucial for fostering dialogue and addressing misconceptions. It requires nuanced conversations that acknowledge diverse perspectives while emphasizing the fundamental principles of equality, justice, and empowerment that underlie the Aurat March and similar movements advocating for women's rights in Pakistan.
Environmental change and Sustainable DevelopmentDolehKhan
The term “sustainable development” first came to prominence in the world Conservation Strategy (WCS) in 1980.
the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held in Rio de Jenerio in June 1992.
Generally Development is the gradual growth of a situation that becomes more advanced and strong than previous one.
What are leadership styles and personal experience?DolehKhan
Individual authority style
I accept that an authority style alludes to a pioneer's trademark practices while coordinating, persuading, directing, and dealing with a gathering. I might want to depict my initiative style as immediate, and driving by a specific model. I appreciate appointing errands and starting to lead the pack on society's requirements, however I likewise prefer to remain involved and rouse my group by showing that I am working active to help them, as well. Additionally, I think my assets as a pioneer are powerful assignment and correspondence. So many authority styles exploit those qualities. I generally attempt to appoint assignments to whoever is ideally suited to perform well in the undertaking, and I attempt to convey plainly about what should be done, and why. My administration depends on navigation, tuning in, decisive reasoning, training, rousing, and inspiring for accomplishing with arranging objectives.
Body Exercise, body rotation, interaction, and much moreDolehKhan
Exercise is the best natural power which we can used to manage daily life activities and people interaction with the efforts and developmental sections.
I believe and exercise and manage my body work and development
As different systems and parts of the body send signals to the brain, they alert the hypothalamus to any
unbalanced factors that need addressing. The hypothalamus then responds by releasing the right hormones
into the bloodstream to balance the body.
One example of this is the remarkable ability of a human being to maintain an internal temperature of 98.6
°Fahrenheit (ºF).
Pituitary gland - The pituitary gland receives signals from the hypothalamus. This gland has two lobes, the
posterior and anterior lobes. The posterior lobe secretes hormones that are made by the hypothalamus. The
anterior lobe produces its own hormones, several of which act on
other endocrine glands.
As different systems and parts of the body send signals to the brain, they alert the hypothalamus to any
unbalanced factors that need addressing. The hypothalamus then responds by releasing the right hormones
into the bloodstream to balance the body.
One example of this is the remarkable ability of a human being to maintain an internal temperature of 98.6
°Fahrenheit (ºF).
Pituitary gland - The pituitary gland receives signals from the hypothalamus. This gland has two lobes, the
posterior and anterior lobes. The posterior lobe secretes hormones that are made by the hypothalamus. The
anterior lobe produces its own hormones, several of which act on
other endocrine glands.
Women status of during great Mughal's periodDolehKhan
Status of Women In India during great Mughal's Period
The role of women in India has in fact been a ‘loss and gain’ business, with their influence fluctuating from time to time. This book attempts to examine the contribution of women in the field of literature under the Islamic rule in India. During the Sultanate as well as the Mughal period, although the status of women was comparatively lower than their male counterparts, this period saw some significant literary contributions from women. This book first analyses the status of women during the Islamic rule in India and participation of women in Mughal’s field, and then outlines their significant literary contributions.
About Author: Dev Tiwari, He is PhD & Researcher, Department of Persian Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, and New Delhi, India. He writes many books at Persian Education. He like to analyze the history of Great Mughal’s and including the status of women in Mogul’s period.
Keywords: Mughal period, Persian literature, Women in Persian, Female Education
Introduction: -
The status of women saw a great decline in the medieval period, slowly worsening their position in the society. During this period, female infanticide, child marriage, Purdah, Jauhar, and Sati were the main social evils contributing to the low status of women and hindering their overall development.
Grounded theory define, types, explanation DolehKhan
Grounded theory is a research method concerned with the generation of
theory, which is grounded in data that has been systematically collected
and analyzed. It is used to uncover such things as social relationships and
behaviors of groups, known as social processes. It is a general
methodology for developing theory that is grounded in data which is
systematically gathered and analyzed.
Basically Grounded theory: It was developed in California, USA by Glaser and
Strauss during their study Awareness of Dying.
Phobia, definition, causes, effects, and moreDolehKhan
The word phobia is derived from the Greek phobos meaning extreme fear and flight.
The ancient Greek god, Phobos, was believed to be able to reduce the enemies of the Greeks to a state of abject terror, making victory in battle more likely.
Doleh fatal image of abortion in pakistanDolehKhan
Definition of Abortion
Report of UNDP
Abortion ratio in Pakistan
Literature
Pakistan Panel Code
Holy Quran Verses
Unsafe condition of Abortion
National Survey on Abortion
Conclusion
The deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often performed during the first 28 weeks of pregnancy.
Gender stereotype difination, effects, causes, and solutions DolehKhan
GENDER STEREOTYPES
Gender stereotype is beliefs about the personal attributes of females and males.
Personal attributes?
Personal attributes basically means traits that make up your personality, which define who you are as a person.
For example these could be personal attributes to describe someone: outgoing, extrovert, open.
Attitudes, feelings, and behaviors that a given culture associates with a person’s biological sex,
GENDER STEREOTYPES
Gender stereotype is beliefs about the personal attributes of females and males.
Personal attributes?
Personal attributes basically means traits that make up your personality, which define who you are as a person.
For example these could be personal attributes to describe someone: outgoing, extrovert, open.
Attitudes, feelings, and behaviors that a given culture associates with a person’s biological sex,
In social psychology, a stereotype is a fixed, over generalized belief about a particular group or class of people.
Term “Stereotype "was coined by “Walter Lippmann”. He defines the term in his 1922 book, Public Opinion, as “the pictures in our heads" that we have of a specific group of people.
Gender is the classification by which words as feminine, masculine or the sex of the person.Define as Gender expression includes all the ways a person communicates their gender based on societal factors such as gender norms and perceptions.
Stress and stress management definitions, types, ways to control it. DolehKhan
What is Stress?
Stress is a feeling of emotional or physical tension.
A non-specific response of the body, or the body’s reaction to a demanding situation.
Why Stress Happens!!
Stress is a normal part of life, especially during changes in life.
Childhood
Adolescence
Young adult
Marriage
Parenthood
middle age
Injury
Moving
Death of a loved one
Divorce
Retirement
Pregnancy
Define Eustress and Distress
1) EUSTRESS – Results from something good and we react positive.
Examples
The excitement of a roller-coaster ride, a scary movie, or a fun challenge
2) DISTRESS – Results from something bad and we react negative.
Examples
the death of a loved one, not getting into the college of our choice, or loosing our job.
Types of Stress
Acute stress. Its reaction occurs when symptoms develop due to a particularly stressful event.
Such as Natural disasters, such as floods, fires or earthquakes.
Chronic stress.
Feeling pressured and overwhelmed over a long period of time.
Such As aches and pains, weakness, unfocused thinking.
External Stress
External stress comes from the environment. Anything from noise, overcrowding and pollution to relationship/financial problems, major life changes, pressure from work/family or daily hassles.
Major life changes, such as death of a loved one, divorce,
Internal Stress
Internal stress is stress that comes from within us and is often the most common cause of stress.
Thoughts and feelings which cause unease such as unrealistic expectations.
Examples
Putting pressure on yourself to be perfect
or
Fear of public speaking.
Why Do We "Stress Out"?
We perceive a situation as dangerous, difficult, or painful.
We don't believe we have the resources to cope.
What Causes Stress?
Stressors- Physical, Emotional, Social
Stressors are things that cause stress. Almost everything is a stressor depending on the individual.
Family Relationships
School
Peer Groups/ Friends
Discrimination
Injury
Sickness
Fatigue
Physical Stress
Physical stress are physical conditions of your body and the environment that affect your physical well-being.
Thirst
Hunger
Lack of Sleep
Sickness
Accidents or Catastrophes
Ways to Mange Stress
Find a support system. Find someone to talk to about your feelings and experiences.
Change your attitude
Find other ways to think about stressful situations.
"Life is 10% what happens to us, and 90% how we react to it."
Sexual orientation
An inherent or immutable enduring emotional, romantic or sexual attraction to other people.
Straight
As a sexual orientation, heterosexuality is "an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions" to persons of the opposite sex; it "also refers to a person's sense of identity based on those attractions, related behaviors, and membership in a community of others who share those attractions."
Bisexuality is an attraction to more than one gender. Those who identify as bisexual feel a sexual and/or romantic attraction to people of a different gender as well as their own. While this offers a basic definition, bisexual people are a diverse group. Each individual perceives their sexual orientation differently.
Pan-sexual definition
Typically, people who identify as pansexual can feel an attraction to anyone, including individuals who do not identify as a specific gender. Pansexual people may describe their attraction as focusing on personality rather than gender.
For example, people with a pansexual orientation may feel an attraction to the personality of someone who is a gender. They might equally find a female, male, or gender-fluid person attractive. It is important to note that identifying as pansexual does not mean feeling attracted to everyone, just as a heterosexual male does not feel an attraction to every female, and vice versa.
Asexuality
Asexuality is the lack of sexual attraction to others, or low or absent interest in or desire for sexual activity. It may be considered a sexual orientation or the lack thereof. It may also be categorized more widely to include a broad spectrum of asexual sub-identities.
Queer
Queer is an umbrella term for people who reject heteronormativity. It is also used as a self-identity label with respect to sexual orientation and/or gender identity.
Heteronormativity
Heteronormativity is the concept that heterosexuality is the preferred or normal mode of sexual orientation. It assumes the gender binary (i.e., that there are only two distinct, opposite genders) and that sexual and marital relations are most fitting between people of opposite sex.
Gay
Gay is a term that primarily refers to a homosexual person or the trait of being homosexual. The term originally meant 'carefree', 'cheerful', or 'bright and showy'. While scant usage referring to male homosexuality dates to the late 19th century, that meaning became increasingly common by the mid-20th century.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2. 1 Abstract …………………………………………………………………………………………….
2 Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………..
3 Define Counseling …………………………………………………………………………….
4 Point of view of FRANK PARSON………………………………………………………..
5 Counseling Skills ……………………………………………………………………………….
6 Counseling and learning skills……………………………………………………………
7 Types of skills …………………………………………………………………………………..
8 ATTENDING IN COUNSELLING ………………………………………………………….
9 Key aspects of attending ………………………………………………………………..…
10 Active Listening …………………………………………………………………………………
11 Ground skills of counseling active listening ……………………………………….
12 Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………………………
13 References …………………………………………………………………………………………
3. This Assignment topic assigned me by Department of Gender Studies,
Subject from Counseling for women and Distress. In this paper I will
definitely try to explain counseling, its skills, and Responding into
counseling, attending skills, and in the end I will explain active listening.
Here is explanations of counseling goals. The goal of counseling is to
enable the individual to make critical decisions regarding alternative
courses of action without outside influence. Counseling will help
individuals obtain information, and to clarify emotional concerns that
may interfere with or be related to the decisions involved. Counseling
means assisting and guiding clients, responding means Respond is
defined as to answer or reply or to act in return. And Active listening
means hear with fully focused pay attention.
Introduction
The process of assisting and guiding clients, especially by a trained
person on a professional basis, to resolve especially personal, social, or
psychological problems and difficulties.
According to Jan Sutton and William Stewart in2008 Learning to Counsel:
Develop the Skills, Insight and knowledge to counsel others.
On the other hand according to him
4. As counseling skills Supportive listening. Clients feel heard, understood,
and affirmed.
Managing a problem situation. Clients often need help tackling a specific,
problematic situation. Problem management. Strengthening
insufficiently strong skills. Enhancing skill strength goals.
Frank Parsons is referred to as the “Father of Guidance.” At the turn of
the last century, Parsons worked with young people in helping them
make decisions concerning their vocations.
Why attending is an important counselling skill
Smaby and Maddux (2011) suggest that attending is a form of social
proofing, allowing the client (or the helped) to assess if the person in
front of them is ready and able to help them.
1. What are counseling skills?
Counseling skills are soft (interpersonal) and hard (technical) attributes
that a counselor puts to use in order to best help their clients work
through personal issues and overcome obstacles that are currently
preventing them from living a full and happy life.
Examples of counseling skills
There are a variety of skills that are beneficial to a counselor's
understanding of their client, and to the client's overall comfort and
willingness to be vulnerable about their personal hardships.
Active listening is an important skill for a counselor to have. It can be
defined as the use of eye contact, facial expressions and gestures to
imply that you are engaged and focused on the information the other
5. person is saying. It can help a client feel like they've been heard and
validated in the information they chose to share.
There are two types of questioning styles that a counselor should be
able to utilize—open questioning and closed questioning. Being skilled
in questioning techniques can help a counselor to better interpret what
a client is saying and it can help them think more deeply into their
personal situation as well.
Open questioning includes all questioning that is directed toward
gathering more detailed and complex information.
Closed questioning is directed toward more short-ended questions with
specific answers.
Counselors should be able to interpret vague information that a client
shares and place it within the context of what they are going through.
Phrases like "I'm just so tired," or "I'm on edge all the time," constitute
further information, and it is up to the counselor to interpret this
information.
Similar to information interpretation, counselors should be able to
identify current attitudes or feelings based upon the body language that
a client uses during the session.
Counselors need to be aware of how their body language, gestures and
tone of voice can affect their client and their willingness to talk about the
6. situation. Having good self-awareness can keep a counselor from
accidentally exhibiting signs of boredom, frustration or judgment.
An important skill for a counselor is to be able to build and maintain trust
with their clients. This can affect a client's willingness to share
information.
A counselor needs to be able to see a client's situation from their
perspective in order to best help them overcome their obstacles.
Another skill that can be specific to counselors is the ability to
emotionally compartmentalize themselves from their clients and
maintain professional boundaries in order to continue healthy client
relationships.
Counseling and listening skills
Counseling thrives on communication between the Counselor and
the Client for any meaningful result of the interaction. It is the duty of a
Counselor to respond to the messages of the client which are usually
verbal and non- verbal in the process of their interaction.
The Counselor does this by listening to the client, gathered the necessary
information and then responds appropriately. Listening and responding
to client’s talk is the key functions of the counselor. The ability to listen
and respond to messages is the core of interaction by individuals. When
the counselor and the client perceived their interaction to be flowing,
then there is effective listening and responding in their interaction.
7. Definition of Listening & Listening Skills
1. Importance of Listening Skills
2. Types of Listening Skills
3. Effective Listening
4. Features of Listening
5. Process of Listening
6. Techniques of Listening Skills…
7. Much more
Process of Listening
Understanding
Remembering
Receiving
Responding
Evaluating
Techniques of Listening Skills
Focus on key-points.
Being aware of both verbal and non-verbal messages.
Listen with an open mind.
Avoid false attention and pretending to listen.
Wait for the speaker to pause to ask clarifying question.
Be attentive, but relaxed.
Listening Pitfalls
8. Appearance and delivery
Separating ideas from facts
Interrupting o Pretending
Distraction
Be a Whole Body Listener
Rules of Good Listening
Stop talking
Stop thinking
Remove Distractions
Do not let your Mind Wander
Do not Pre-judge
Be Patient
Empathize with the speaker
ATTENDING IN COUNSELLING
Attending is the first skill a trainee counsellor learns. It is
the base that other skills can be built on and used.
Good attending will show the client that they are respected
and encourage them to talk about their thoughts and feelings.
9. It also shows they are being listened to and taken seriously. Being
attentive means the counsellor is giving the client their full
focus, paying attention to what the client is saying, doing, the tone of
voice used and body language.
Key aspects of attending or The SKILL OF ATTENDING EXPLAINED
o Eye contact
o Body language
o Gestures
o Facial expressions
o Tone of voice
Define Eye Contact
Looking directly at someone demonstrates they have your full attention
and you are listening to them. Be thoughtful not to stare intently, as this
can make a person feel uncomfortable. Just be natural and yourself. Be
mindful that in some cultures eye contact can be seen as disrespectful.
Body Language
Be considerate of your posture. Being relaxed is a great way to invite
someone to talk about themselves! Leaning slightly forward in the chair
demonstrates that you are giving your full attention, actively listening to
what your client is saying.
Gestures
You communicate so much in your body movements. For example,
sitting with your arms and legs crossed, hunched up, can give the
10. impression that you have put a barrier up and are not listening or
interested. Waving your arms about can also be very distracting.
Facial Expressions
A good listener will be thoughtful of their facial expressions. Frowning
or raising eyebrows can transmit revulsion or judgment which may shut
the client down, while smiling at appropriate times demonstrates human
warmth which helps build trust and develops rapport.
Active Listening
Active listening is a pattern of listening that keeps you engaged
with your conversation partner in a positive way. It is the process of
listening attentively while someone else speaks, paraphrasing and
reflecting back what is said, and withholding judgment and advice.
Why is active listening important?
Active listening builds strong relationships and, while it may not
come naturally to many of us, it's an invaluable communication skill.
Strong and effective communication skills are essential in a field where
emotions often reach critical mass.
11. By Definition of Active Listening?
Listening is a physical and psychological process that involves acquiring,
assigning, meaning, and responding to symbolic messages.
According to Okobia (1991)
From the book COUNSELLING COMMUNICATION SKILLS
Genuinely interested in helping the client to solve his problem. The client
is unconditionally accepted, regarded, and valued.
Active listening is a communication skill that is fundamental for effective
counselling relationship.
The ground skills which help counsellors in active listening include:
Empathy, awareness of body language, posture, tone of voice, words and
body language and the client‘s body language. Appropriate questioning
(closed questions, open questions, multiple and frequent questions) and
silence are two other basic skills which the counselling psychologist must
be conversant with.
Empathy
Empathic responding is a vital part of active listening- hearing what the
client says from the internal frame of reference and responding in such
a way that the client knows and feels that the counsellor is striving to
understand.
Examples of Empathy:-
walking in another‘s shoes,
entering into another person‘s frame of reference,
12. Aspects of self: values, thoughts, meanings ‘feelings, cultural influences,
experiences and perceptions
Empathy not sympathy
Sympathy involves understanding from our own perspective. It is
feeling of pity or sorrow for someone else.
Empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of
another. Empathy is sometimes confused with sympathy.
When we feel sympathy for someone we view them with pity.
Awareness of body language
It is assists us in understanding and decoding what the person is saying.
The individual‘s inner emotional state is communicated through our
bodies. The messages through body movement, the intonation of one‘s
voice, facial expressions, posture, gestures and eye contact.
Posture
By definition Posture is the position in which we hold our body while
standing, sitting or lying down.
The tone of voice
The tone of one’s voice also acts as an indicator of the individual‘s
thoughts and attitudes.
Words
People use specific words to communicate inner emotions. It is more
difficult to say to another, I completely lost control and I was
destructive in my behavior ‘than I was in a rage.
1) The word rage ‘says a lot more than angry.
2) Joy is more revealing than happy
13. Words and body language According to Albert Mehraban is known for
his breakdown of human communication into7% spoken words, 38%
tone of voice And 55% body language the client's body language.
While I as counsellor need to be aware of our body language, it is also
myself work to decode, understand and interpret the body language of
our client.
Facial expression can inform us about hidden feelings.
For examples.
He is angry
He is upset and near to tear
Head is down
Use of Questions
Think about how you respond when others come to you for help,
advice or general succor.
Questions
Do you fire a lot of questions at them, questions like: 'What's wrong?‘
'Why are you so upset?', 'Is it something she or he has said to you?‘
Closed questions that can be answered with a short, fixed response.
For example “Yes, or No”
Open questions are valuable because they enable the expression of
thoughts, feelings and personal meanings.
Questions to ask about your questions
Silence
14. Managing silence means having the ability to recognize a constructive
silence. A golden rule while counselling is to use their ears and eyes more
than your mouth.
According to Judith Butler Silence in counseling allows the client to
speak about their issues without interruption and the process their
thoughts and feelings without destruction.
CONCLUSION
To enhance effective communication, there is need to develop an
awareness of the importance of the speaker’s and listener’s attitudes to
conversations. Counselling is a communication process between the
counselor and client in exploring the problems of the client in order to
resolve it. The function of the Counselor in the process of interaction with
the client is tolisten and respond appropriately to the message being sent
which could be verbal, para-verbal or vocal auditory or non-verbal
components in nature. It is therefore required of him to listen, identify,
interpret, understand and respond appropriately to the verbal and non-
verbal messages which the client have sent. Thus, when the counselor
receives (listen to) a message from the client and respond correctly, the
communication with the client will be deeper and more open. The two
will explore the problems and help could be easier to give. Counselors
therefore, need to learn and acquired mastering of all communication
components in order to understand their clients better and relate well
with them by responding appropriately.