A PowerPoint about storm surges and how it affects the weather. A brief case study about storm surges in the North Sea and Bangladesh are also included.
Floods have the greatest damage potential when compared to the other natural disasters, over the environment. Floods are also considered to be both social and economic disasters. This module highlights the details of floods as natural hazards.
A2 CAMBRIDGE GEOGRAPHY: HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS - HAZARDS RESULTING FROM ATMOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES. It contain case studies: Hurricane Katrina 2005, Cloud Seeding in New Zealand 1950-1970.
A document tackling about the basis of Thunderstorms:
-What is Thunderstorm?
-How do the Thunderstorms form?
-What is the difference between thunder and lightning?
Between a water spout and a tornado?
-What are the types of Lightning? of a Thunderstorm?
-What are some signs of an approaching thunderstorm?
-What are some precautionary measures to do before and during a thunderstorm?
-Case of Thunderstorms in the Philippines and on Planes
Study of earthquake hazards or disaster Jahangir Alam
Earthquake Hazards
Definition of Hazard
Liquefaction
Ground Shaking
Ground Displacement
Flooding
Tsunami
Fire
Types of Hazard
Natural Hazards as Earthquakes
What Are Earthquake Hazards?
Ground Shaking:
Floods have the greatest damage potential when compared to the other natural disasters, over the environment. Floods are also considered to be both social and economic disasters. This module highlights the details of floods as natural hazards.
A2 CAMBRIDGE GEOGRAPHY: HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS - HAZARDS RESULTING FROM ATMOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES. It contain case studies: Hurricane Katrina 2005, Cloud Seeding in New Zealand 1950-1970.
A document tackling about the basis of Thunderstorms:
-What is Thunderstorm?
-How do the Thunderstorms form?
-What is the difference between thunder and lightning?
Between a water spout and a tornado?
-What are the types of Lightning? of a Thunderstorm?
-What are some signs of an approaching thunderstorm?
-What are some precautionary measures to do before and during a thunderstorm?
-Case of Thunderstorms in the Philippines and on Planes
Study of earthquake hazards or disaster Jahangir Alam
Earthquake Hazards
Definition of Hazard
Liquefaction
Ground Shaking
Ground Displacement
Flooding
Tsunami
Fire
Types of Hazard
Natural Hazards as Earthquakes
What Are Earthquake Hazards?
Ground Shaking:
Definition, classification & types of landslideTarikIslam9
General Information about Bangladesh
Bangladesh is consisted of a total land area of 147570 km² with hilly areas of 17,342 km² (8.5% of total area of Bangladesh).
Chattagram Hill tracts is the wide ranging hilly area in the southeastern part of the country. Rangamati, Bandarban and Khagrachari are three unique geographical and cultural landscape administrative districts in this region.
Landslides are a common hazard in the Chittagong Hill Districts (CHD) of Bangladesh. The communities that live on dangerous hill slopes in CHD repeatedly experience landslide hazards during the monsoon season, with casualties, economic losses and property damage.
this is a presentation of cyclone.in this ppt, various types of cyclones are given.its effects, formation, different names, types, emergency response on cyclone is given
Presentation highlighting the troubles and tribulations of Gulf Coast residents who are suffering in the wake of Hurricane Katrina, the Great Recession and the BP Oil Disaster of 2010.
Definition, classification & types of landslideTarikIslam9
General Information about Bangladesh
Bangladesh is consisted of a total land area of 147570 km² with hilly areas of 17,342 km² (8.5% of total area of Bangladesh).
Chattagram Hill tracts is the wide ranging hilly area in the southeastern part of the country. Rangamati, Bandarban and Khagrachari are three unique geographical and cultural landscape administrative districts in this region.
Landslides are a common hazard in the Chittagong Hill Districts (CHD) of Bangladesh. The communities that live on dangerous hill slopes in CHD repeatedly experience landslide hazards during the monsoon season, with casualties, economic losses and property damage.
this is a presentation of cyclone.in this ppt, various types of cyclones are given.its effects, formation, different names, types, emergency response on cyclone is given
Presentation highlighting the troubles and tribulations of Gulf Coast residents who are suffering in the wake of Hurricane Katrina, the Great Recession and the BP Oil Disaster of 2010.
Presentation on the environmental, social and economic challenges and opportunities in the wake of Hurricane Katrina, the Great Recession and the Deepwater Horizon Oil Disaster in the Gulf Coast.
Sea level rise and storm surge tools and datasets supporting Municipal Resili...GrowSmart Maine
Why plan for growth and change, when it seems so much easier to simply react?
When there is a distinct and shared vision for your community - when residents, businesses and local government anticipate a sustainable town with cohesive and thriving neighborhoods - you have the power to conserve your beautiful natural spaces, enhance your existing downtown or Main Street, enable rural areas to be productive and prosperous, and save money through efficient use of existing infrastructure.
This is the dollars and sense of smart growth.
Success is clearly visible in Maine, from the creation of a community-built senior housing complex and health center in Fort Fairfield to conservation easements creating Forever Farms to Rockland's revitalized downtown. Communities have options. We have the power to manage our own responses to growth and change.
After all, “Planning is a process of choosing among those many options. If we do not choose to plan, then we choose to have others plan for us.” - Richard I. Winwood
And in the end, this means that our children and their children will choose to make Maine home and our economy will provide the opportunities to do so.
The Summit offers you a wonderful opportunity to be a part of the transformative change in Maine that we’ve seen these gatherings produce. We encourage you to consider the value of being actively involved in growing Maine’s economy and protecting the reasons we choose to live here.
A PowerPoint describing what Cholera is and the effects it has on people. Graphs showing cases and deaths around the world are shown as well as a case study of Cholera in Zimbabwe.
Montreal Protocol and Ozone Layer DepletionBaral Pradeep
This presentation provides comprehensive information about Ozone, Ozone Layer, Ozone Layer Depletion, International Initiatives and Analysis of Montreal Protocol.
In this episode, the following aspects of cyclone are discussed:
1. Origin of Cyclones
2. Types of cyclonic storms and their physical characteristics
3. Distribution of Cyclones
4. Environmental impacts of cyclones
5. Cyclone disaster Management.
This presentation encompasses what cyclones (tropical and midlatitude) are and how they form even where they occur. Even though almost all types of cyclones are highlighted in the slide the main focus is on Tropical and Mid-latitude cyclones. This is very helpful when one is searching for specifically the two types of cyclones.
A short summary of Dean Rusk, U.S Secretary of State during the 1960's and what is relationship with President Kennedy was like and his beliefs & issues in the early stages of the Vietnam War.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2. Weather – The BasicsWeather – The Basics
DepressionsDepressions
Low pressure systems (often below 1000mb)Low pressure systems (often below 1000mb)
Represented on weather map with closed isobars andRepresented on weather map with closed isobars and
decreasingdecreasing pressure towards the centrepressure towards the centre
Move across the UK from west to eastMove across the UK from west to east
Isobars are close together, indicating a steep pressureIsobars are close together, indicating a steep pressure
gradient. This can cause strong windsgradient. This can cause strong winds
3. Weather – The BasicsWeather – The Basics
AnticyclonesAnticyclones
High pressure systemsHigh pressure systems
Closed isobars with pressureClosed isobars with pressure increasingincreasing towards thetowards the
centrecentre
They move slowly and can remain stationary forThey move slowly and can remain stationary for
days/weeksdays/weeks
Isobars are far apart so there is little pressure differenceIsobars are far apart so there is little pressure difference
(light/no winds).(light/no winds).
4. Storms – The BasicsStorms – The Basics
Air covers the surface of our planet and has mass, thatAir covers the surface of our planet and has mass, that
is, it has weight and volume, and it can be made tois, it has weight and volume, and it can be made to
move.move.
Our atmosphere is dynamic, and it's temperatureOur atmosphere is dynamic, and it's temperature
constantly changes in response to rotation of the planet,constantly changes in response to rotation of the planet,
changes in seasons and earth's orbit around the sun.changes in seasons and earth's orbit around the sun.
Hot air is less dense than cold air, and when hot andHot air is less dense than cold air, and when hot and
cold air collide, the hot air is forced to rise over thecold air collide, the hot air is forced to rise over the
colder air.colder air.
Cold air is typically dryer than warm air and originatesCold air is typically dryer than warm air and originates
from the poles. Warm air comes from the tropics/equatorfrom the poles. Warm air comes from the tropics/equator
(where there is more evaporation).(where there is more evaporation).
5. Storms – The BasicsStorms – The Basics
Whenever cold dry air moves away from the poles, itWhenever cold dry air moves away from the poles, it
eventually encounters warm wet air moving away from theeventually encounters warm wet air moving away from the
equator.equator.
The warm wet air is forced up and over the cold air. When theThe warm wet air is forced up and over the cold air. When the
warm air is forced up, it causes surface air pressure to drop.warm air is forced up, it causes surface air pressure to drop.
Cold air rushes in to fill the area of lower air pressure, whichCold air rushes in to fill the area of lower air pressure, which
causes more warm air to be displaced upward, and more coldcauses more warm air to be displaced upward, and more cold
air moves in, forcing more warm air upward, and a cycle startsair moves in, forcing more warm air upward, and a cycle starts
to develop.to develop.
Also, factor-in that the earth rotates from west to east,Also, factor-in that the earth rotates from west to east,
dragging the atmosphere with it. The low-pressure area startsdragging the atmosphere with it. The low-pressure area starts
to rotate, and all this moving air creates wind, and lots of it.to rotate, and all this moving air creates wind, and lots of it.
So a storm forms in response to an extreme difference in airSo a storm forms in response to an extreme difference in air
pressure, driven by the movement of cold and warm air.pressure, driven by the movement of cold and warm air.
Eventually either the cold or warm air dissipates, andEventually either the cold or warm air dissipates, and
equilibrium becomes re-established and calm, less-windyequilibrium becomes re-established and calm, less-windy
weather prevails.weather prevails.
A storm can last as short as a few days to over a week.A storm can last as short as a few days to over a week.
6. Storms – The BasicsStorms – The Basics
The greater the difference in air pressure between twoThe greater the difference in air pressure between two
competing systems, the greater the wind.competing systems, the greater the wind.
The greater the surface area covered by low pressure,The greater the surface area covered by low pressure,
the greater the size of the area of wind will be.the greater the size of the area of wind will be.
The deeper or lower the pressure, the stronger theThe deeper or lower the pressure, the stronger the
storm, the stronger the wind, and the greater thestorm, the stronger the wind, and the greater the
probability for surf to be generated.probability for surf to be generated.
The larger the area of low pressure, the larger the fetchThe larger the area of low pressure, the larger the fetch
or ocean surface that will be affected by the resultingor ocean surface that will be affected by the resulting
wind.wind.
7. Storm SurgesStorm Surges
Strom surges occur when weather conditions createStrom surges occur when weather conditions create
strong winds (large fetch), which in turn produce higherstrong winds (large fetch), which in turn produce higher
water levels than you would normally get at high tidewater levels than you would normally get at high tide
(basically the wind blowing across the surface off the sea(basically the wind blowing across the surface off the sea
causes water to pile up to a level higher than normal).causes water to pile up to a level higher than normal).
The North Sea and The Bay of Bengal are two areasThe North Sea and The Bay of Bengal are two areas
where these conditions can occur because they are bothwhere these conditions can occur because they are both
narrow areas of sea.narrow areas of sea.
Strong winds drive waves ahead of the storm, whichStrong winds drive waves ahead of the storm, which
builds up the water levels in areas where there is abuilds up the water levels in areas where there is a
limited space for the water to go.limited space for the water to go.
8. North Sea Storm Surge (1953)North Sea Storm Surge (1953)
CausesCauses
Deep Atlantic depression (low pressure) came overDeep Atlantic depression (low pressure) came over
Scotland and continued to worsen. Strong gales (32-42Scotland and continued to worsen. Strong gales (32-42
knots). Pressure of 970mbs.knots). Pressure of 970mbs.
A rapid fall in pressure could be responsible for a rise inA rapid fall in pressure could be responsible for a rise in
the surface of the sea of about 0.5mthe surface of the sea of about 0.5m
An anticyclone (high pressure) lay west of Britain. TheAn anticyclone (high pressure) lay west of Britain. The
steep pressure gradient (difference between low andsteep pressure gradient (difference between low and
high pressure system) caused strong winds to movehigh pressure system) caused strong winds to move
south across the North Sea. (The anti-clockwisesouth across the North Sea. (The anti-clockwise
movement of the low system sucked down air from themovement of the low system sucked down air from the
North, which created these gales).North, which created these gales).
Large fetch from the North. Storm waves over 6m highLarge fetch from the North. Storm waves over 6m high
All at the same time as high spring tides and riversAll at the same time as high spring tides and rivers
discharging into the sea with large volume of water (duedischarging into the sea with large volume of water (due
to floods)to floods)
9. North Sea Storm Surge (1953)North Sea Storm Surge (1953)
EffectsEffects
Lots of extra water in the North Sea.Lots of extra water in the North Sea.
Sea defences breached in south east England and theSea defences breached in south east England and the
NetherlandsNetherlands
Thousands of hectares of low-lying land floodedThousands of hectares of low-lying land flooded
Damage to property, communication systems and farmDamage to property, communication systems and farm
landland
250 people drowned in England compared to 1800 in the250 people drowned in England compared to 1800 in the
Netherlands.Netherlands.
More damage in the Netherlands.More damage in the Netherlands.
Both countries responded with coastal managementBoth countries responded with coastal management
schemes.schemes.
Countries affected included the UK, Netherlands,Countries affected included the UK, Netherlands,
Belgium, Denmark & France.Belgium, Denmark & France.
10. Storm Surges in BangladeshStorm Surges in Bangladesh
Events in 1970, 1985 & 1991.Events in 1970, 1985 & 1991.
CausesCauses
High winds (due to a cyclone forming to the south)High winds (due to a cyclone forming to the south)
pushed water northwards.pushed water northwards.
The Bay of Bengal is narrow, so struggled to contain theThe Bay of Bengal is narrow, so struggled to contain the
extra water.extra water.
11. Causes of CyclonesCauses of Cyclones
Low pressure systems that develop in the tropics.Low pressure systems that develop in the tropics.
Surface heating causes warm air to be drawn into it in aSurface heating causes warm air to be drawn into it in a
spiralling manner.spiralling manner.
The sea needs to be over 27`C = maintain rising currentsThe sea needs to be over 27`C = maintain rising currents
12. Storm Surges in BangladeshStorm Surges in Bangladesh
EffectsEffects
10m waves hit densely populated coastline.10m waves hit densely populated coastline.
Storm surge travelled several km inland destroyingStorm surge travelled several km inland destroying
everything (poorly constructed buildings so easily swepteverything (poorly constructed buildings so easily swept
away).away).
Densely populated so 300,000 deaths in 1970.Densely populated so 300,000 deaths in 1970.
Salt water contaminates soil – country relies onSalt water contaminates soil – country relies on
agriculture – subsistence life style. Leaves manyagriculture – subsistence life style. Leaves many
dependent on aiddependent on aid
ResponsesResponses
Attempts to protect areas with embankments andAttempts to protect areas with embankments and
mangrove plantations to act as buffers. Some success,mangrove plantations to act as buffers. Some success,
but little money for large scale management schemes.but little money for large scale management schemes.
Problem will only worsen with global warmingProblem will only worsen with global warming
13. Sediment CellsSediment Cells
Coastal sediment comes from a variety of places: seaCoastal sediment comes from a variety of places: sea
bed, beaches, cliffs, river channels and estuaries.bed, beaches, cliffs, river channels and estuaries.
Some believe that sediment movement occur in distinctSome believe that sediment movement occur in distinct
areas (or cells). These are closed systems with balancedareas (or cells). These are closed systems with balanced
inputs and outputs.inputs and outputs.
There are 11 cells in England and Wales.There are 11 cells in England and Wales.
http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/gcrdb/v28chap1.pdfhttp://jncc.defra.gov.uk/pdf/gcrdb/v28chap1.pdf
They are separated by headlands or stretches of deepThey are separated by headlands or stretches of deep
water.water.
In reality, sediment could easily move cells e.g. around aIn reality, sediment could easily move cells e.g. around a
headland.headland.
15. High & Low Energy CoastlinesHigh & Low Energy Coastlines
High EnergyHigh Energy
Wave power is strong forWave power is strong for
most of the year e.g. westmost of the year e.g. west
coast of British Isles. Thecoast of British Isles. The
prevailing wind isprevailing wind is
westerly and they facewesterly and they face
the direction of thethe direction of the
longest fetch.longest fetch.
Distribution of theseDistribution of these
coastlines is controlled bycoastlines is controlled by
climate and the directionclimate and the direction
they face.they face.
Strong winds are moreStrong winds are more
frequent in areas wherefrequent in areas where
there is a cool temperatethere is a cool temperate
western maritime climatewestern maritime climate
High wavesHigh waves
Low EnergyLow Energy
These can be found whenThese can be found when
the coastline changesthe coastline changes
direction and when theredirection and when there
are few strong winds.are few strong winds.
Estuaries, inlets andEstuaries, inlets and
sheltered bays occursheltered bays occur
where wave heights arewhere wave heights are
lower.lower.
Waves spread outwardsWaves spread outwards
and energy is dissipatedand energy is dissipated
leading to depositionleading to deposition
Enclosed sea areas alsoEnclosed sea areas also
have low energy e.g.have low energy e.g.
Baltic SeaBaltic Sea