Rock, that is removed from its natural site and generally, cut or dressed and then finished for building purposes, is called “Stone” and the art of building the structure with stones as constructional units is called “Stone Masonry”.
nry
Types of Rubble Masonry
Random Rubble Masonry
Uncoursed Random Rubble Masonry
BUILT TO COURSES RANDOM RUBBLE MASONRY
SQUARED RUBBLE MASONRY
UNCOURSED SQUARED RUBBLE MASONRY
BUILT TO COURSES SQUARED RUBBLE MASONRY
REGULAR COURSED SQUARED RUBBLE MASONRY
DRY RUBBLE MASONRY
ASHLAR MASONRY
ASHLER FINE / COURSED ASHLAR MASONRY
RANDOM COURSED ASHLAR MASONRY
ROUGH TOOLED ASHLER MASONRY
QUARRY FACED ASHLAR MASONRY
CHAMFERED ASHLAR MASONRY
ASHLAR FACING
rough ashlar stone masonic rough ashlarrough and pe
Rock, that is removed from its natural site and generally, cut or dressed and then finished for building purposes, is called “Stone” and the art of building the structure with stones as constructional units is called “Stone Masonry”.
nry
Types of Rubble Masonry
Random Rubble Masonry
Uncoursed Random Rubble Masonry
BUILT TO COURSES RANDOM RUBBLE MASONRY
SQUARED RUBBLE MASONRY
UNCOURSED SQUARED RUBBLE MASONRY
BUILT TO COURSES SQUARED RUBBLE MASONRY
REGULAR COURSED SQUARED RUBBLE MASONRY
DRY RUBBLE MASONRY
ASHLAR MASONRY
ASHLER FINE / COURSED ASHLAR MASONRY
RANDOM COURSED ASHLAR MASONRY
ROUGH TOOLED ASHLER MASONRY
QUARRY FACED ASHLAR MASONRY
CHAMFERED ASHLAR MASONRY
ASHLAR FACING
rough ashlar stone masonic rough ashlarrough and pe
types of arches in architecture
how did romans build arches
brick arches construction details
arches in building construction
brick arches construction
arch shape
architecture arches
types of arch
type of arch crossword
types of arch bridges
kind of arch crossword
types of arches in architecture
arch crossword
arch type crossword clue
different types of arches
kind of arch
Concrete
The word concrete comes from the Latin word "concretus". Which means compact.Now a days concrete is most common and necessary things in our life.
The history of cementing materials together goes back to the time when prehistoric man prepare his cave to build shelter.
He used mud and clay to fill the gap between stone. To keep out the wind and cold.
Later the Assyrians and Babylonians used clay as their bonding substance and straw to make a shape.
The Egyptians used lime and gypsum and crushed stone to create a material that would harden even better.
TIPS:16 - HOW TO MAKE STONE MASONRY BUILDINGS EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT?Amar Gohel
HOW TO MAKE STONE MASONRY BUILDINGS EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT?
(Tip : 16):
HOW TO MAKE STONE MASONRY BUILDINGS EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT? (Tip : 16) Prepared By :- AMARDEEP GOHEL DIVYESH BHARKHADA SANGEETA SANGHANI
Field of building: Field of building Mainly two type of building. Engineering Building :- “The building was built according to structural design and architectural feature to protect building against earthquake.” Non-Engineering Building :- “The building was built as non-structural design and architectural feature is known as non-engineering building.”
Type of building acc. to material: Type of building acc. to material Timber building Stone building RCC building Steel building Composite building
Stone masonry: Stone masonry It is the art of building the structures in the stones. In some parts of the country building stones are abundantly available in nature. Those stones when cut and dressed to the proper shapes, provide an economical material for the construction of various structure.
Use of stone masonary: Use of stone masonary Building foundation, Dams Building wall, piers, columns, lintel Light house Domes, Arches Floors, Paving works Railway Ballast
Type of Stone masonry : Type of Stone masonry
Performance of stone masonry against earthquake: Performance of stone masonry against earthquake Bulging Effect :- During earthquake the poor interlocking, uneven load distribution due to uneven size of the stone masonry will create a bulging effect on the stone masonry.
PowerPoint Presentation: The
REBUILT: REBUILT After bulging of stone structure rebuilt will necessary . For rebuilt we can provide connecting stone per 1m of height. Grouting may prepare for fill the voids and making well joint. 1m
rEBUILT: rEBUILT
rEBUILT Video tutorial: rEBUILT Video tutorial How To Repoint Masonry Joints.mp4
HISTORY OF STONE MASONARY: HISTORY OF STONE MASONARY The stone is easily available in nature in huge amount. The stone is very strong in compression. In a past time almost masonry work prepared in stone masonry. The width of stone wall is larger then other. So that in a past time stone masonry is used rather then brick masonry.
HISTORY OF STONE MASONARY: HISTORY OF STONE MASONARY But the stone masonry is poor parfomane in earthquake due to uneven shape, improper size of stone. So that the wall joint is not well prepared and the stone masonry most chances to fail in earthquake.
HISTORY OF STONE MASONARY: HISTORY OF STONE MASONARY Such stone masonry structure was failed in killary earthquake (1993) of magnitude 6.2 Over a 8,000 people died
HISTORY OF STONE MASONARY: HISTORY OF STONE MASONARY The main patterns of earthquake damage include in KILLARI earthquake: A) bulging/separation of walls in the horizontal direction into two distinct wythes (Figure a ), B) separation of walls at corners and T-junctions, (c) separation of poorly constructed roof from walls, and eventual collapse of roof, (d) disintegration of
types of arches in architecture
how did romans build arches
brick arches construction details
arches in building construction
brick arches construction
arch shape
architecture arches
types of arch
type of arch crossword
types of arch bridges
kind of arch crossword
types of arches in architecture
arch crossword
arch type crossword clue
different types of arches
kind of arch
Concrete
The word concrete comes from the Latin word "concretus". Which means compact.Now a days concrete is most common and necessary things in our life.
The history of cementing materials together goes back to the time when prehistoric man prepare his cave to build shelter.
He used mud and clay to fill the gap between stone. To keep out the wind and cold.
Later the Assyrians and Babylonians used clay as their bonding substance and straw to make a shape.
The Egyptians used lime and gypsum and crushed stone to create a material that would harden even better.
TIPS:16 - HOW TO MAKE STONE MASONRY BUILDINGS EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT?Amar Gohel
HOW TO MAKE STONE MASONRY BUILDINGS EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT?
(Tip : 16):
HOW TO MAKE STONE MASONRY BUILDINGS EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT? (Tip : 16) Prepared By :- AMARDEEP GOHEL DIVYESH BHARKHADA SANGEETA SANGHANI
Field of building: Field of building Mainly two type of building. Engineering Building :- “The building was built according to structural design and architectural feature to protect building against earthquake.” Non-Engineering Building :- “The building was built as non-structural design and architectural feature is known as non-engineering building.”
Type of building acc. to material: Type of building acc. to material Timber building Stone building RCC building Steel building Composite building
Stone masonry: Stone masonry It is the art of building the structures in the stones. In some parts of the country building stones are abundantly available in nature. Those stones when cut and dressed to the proper shapes, provide an economical material for the construction of various structure.
Use of stone masonary: Use of stone masonary Building foundation, Dams Building wall, piers, columns, lintel Light house Domes, Arches Floors, Paving works Railway Ballast
Type of Stone masonry : Type of Stone masonry
Performance of stone masonry against earthquake: Performance of stone masonry against earthquake Bulging Effect :- During earthquake the poor interlocking, uneven load distribution due to uneven size of the stone masonry will create a bulging effect on the stone masonry.
PowerPoint Presentation: The
REBUILT: REBUILT After bulging of stone structure rebuilt will necessary . For rebuilt we can provide connecting stone per 1m of height. Grouting may prepare for fill the voids and making well joint. 1m
rEBUILT: rEBUILT
rEBUILT Video tutorial: rEBUILT Video tutorial How To Repoint Masonry Joints.mp4
HISTORY OF STONE MASONARY: HISTORY OF STONE MASONARY The stone is easily available in nature in huge amount. The stone is very strong in compression. In a past time almost masonry work prepared in stone masonry. The width of stone wall is larger then other. So that in a past time stone masonry is used rather then brick masonry.
HISTORY OF STONE MASONARY: HISTORY OF STONE MASONARY But the stone masonry is poor parfomane in earthquake due to uneven shape, improper size of stone. So that the wall joint is not well prepared and the stone masonry most chances to fail in earthquake.
HISTORY OF STONE MASONARY: HISTORY OF STONE MASONARY Such stone masonry structure was failed in killary earthquake (1993) of magnitude 6.2 Over a 8,000 people died
HISTORY OF STONE MASONARY: HISTORY OF STONE MASONARY The main patterns of earthquake damage include in KILLARI earthquake: A) bulging/separation of walls in the horizontal direction into two distinct wythes (Figure a ), B) separation of walls at corners and T-junctions, (c) separation of poorly constructed roof from walls, and eventual collapse of roof, (d) disintegration of
The Maya civilization was a Mesoamerican civilization.
Maya civilization Is well known for its art, architecture, mathematics, calendar, and astronomical system.
Three types of structures are associated with the religious architecture of early Buddhism: monasteries (viharas), places to venerate relics (stupas), and shrines or prayer halls (chaitya halls, also called chaitya grihas)
Shading devices are purpose built devices to protect from the sunlight, from natural light, or screening them from view. Shading devices can form part of the facade or can be mounted inside the building, they can be fixed or operable.
Natural ventilation is the process of supplying and removing air through an indoor space by natural means, meaning without the use of a fan or other mechanical system. It uses outdoor air flow caused by pressure differences between the building and its surrounding to provide ventilation and space cooling.
Bamboo Construction - Natuurlijk bouwen kun jij ook - Juan Carlos Gaviria Mo...Max Verhoeven
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More information on the project from the presentation: www.bambusocial.com
THIS PPT WAS MADE FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSE IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION SUBJECT.
Masonry is the craft of shaping rough pieces of rock into accurate geometrical shapes, at times simple, but some of considerable complexity, and then arranging the resulting stones, often together with mortar, to form structures.
Introduction and classification of rocksTarun kumar
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The Mycenaean civilization flourished during the period roughly between 1600 BC. It perished with the collapse of bronze age civilization in the eastern Mediterranean.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
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Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
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2. What is stone masonry?
• Stone masonry is made of stone units bonded together with mortar.
• The construction of stones bonded together with mortar is termed as stone masonry
where the stones are available in a abundance in nature, on cutting and dressing to
the proper shape, they provide an economical material for the construction of various
building components such as walls, columns, footings, arches, lintels, beams etc.
Presentation By- Ar. Roopa Chikkalgi 2
3. USES
1) Building foundations, walls, piers, pillars, and architectural works.
2) Lintels, Beams, beams Arches, domes etc.,
3) Roofs and Roof coverings.
4) Cladding Works
5) Dams, light houses, monumental structures.
6) Paving jobs
7) Railway, ballast, black boards and electrical switch boards
Presentation By- Ar. Roopa Chikkalgi 3
4. Selection of stone for stone masonry:
1) Availability
2) Ease of working
3) Appearance
4) Strength and stability
5) Polishing characteristics
6) Economy
7) Durability
Presentation By- Ar. Roopa Chikkalgi 4
8. Random rubble masonry
• Coursed
• In this type of masonry, the
stones used are of widely
different sizes. This is the
roughest and cheapest
form of stone masonry.
• In coursed random rubble
masonry, the masonry
work is carried out in
courses such that the
stones in a particular
course are of equal height.
Presentation By- Ar. Roopa Chikkalgi 8
9. •Uncoursed
• In this type of masonry, the
stones used are of widely
different sizes. This is the
roughest and cheapest
form of stone masonry.
• In uncoursed random
rubble masonry, the
coarses are not maintained
regularly. The larger stones
are laid first and the spaces
between them are then
filled up by means of spalls
or s
• neeks.
Presentation By- Ar. Roopa Chikkalgi 9
10. Square rubble masonry
• Coursed • In this type of masonry
stones having straight
bed and sides are used.
The stones are usually
squared and brought to
hammer dressed or
straight cut finish.
• In the coursed square
rubble masonry, the
work is carried out in
courses of varying
depth.
Presentation By- Ar. Roopa Chikkalgi 10
11. • uncoursed
• In this type of masonry
stones having straight bed
and sides are used. The
stones are usually squared
and brought to hammer
dressed or straight cut
finish.
• In the uncoursed square
rubble masonry, the
different sizes of stones
having straight edges and
sides are arranged on face
in several irregular patterns.
Presentation By- Ar. Roopa Chikkalgi 11
12. Polygonal rubble masonry
• In this type of rubble
masonry, the stones
are hammer dressed.
The stones used for
face work are dressed
in an irregular
polygonal shape.
Thus the face joints
are seen running in
an irregular fashion in
all directions.
Presentation By- Ar. Roopa Chikkalgi 12
13. Flint rubble masonry
• In this type of masonry,
stone used are flints or
cobbles. These are
irregularly shaped
nodules of silica. The
stones are extremely
hard. But they are
brittle and therefore
they break easily.
Presentation By- Ar. Roopa Chikkalgi 13
14. Dry rubble masonry
• In this type of masonry,
mortar is not used in the
joints. This type of
construction is the
cheapest and requires
more skill in construction.
This may be used for non-
load bearing walls such as
compound walls, etc…
Presentation By- Ar. Roopa Chikkalgi 14
15. ASHLAR MASONRY
1. ASHLAR FINE MASONRY
• In this type ashlar
masonry, each stone is
cut to uniform size and
shape with all sides
rectangular, so that the
stone gives perfectly
horizontal and vertical
joints with adjoining
stone. This type of ashlar
masonry is very costly.
Presentation By- Ar. Roopa Chikkalgi 15
16. Ashlar rough tooled masonry
• In this type of ashlar
masonry, the beds and
sides are finely chisel-
dressed. But the face is
made rough by means of
tools. A strip, about
25mm wide and made by
means of chisel is
provided around the
perimeter of the rough
dressed face of each
stone.
Presentation By- Ar. Roopa Chikkalgi 16
17. Ashlar rock or quarry faced masonry
• In this type of ashlar
masonry, a strip about
25mm wide and made by
means of chisel is provided
around the perimeter of
every stone as in case of
rough-tooled ashlor
masondry. But the
remaining portion of the
face is left in the same form
as received from quarry.
Presentation By- Ar. Roopa Chikkalgi 17
18. Ashlar chamfered masonry
• In this type of ashlar masonry, the strip is provided as below. But it is
chamfered or beveled at an angle of 45 degrees by means of chisel for
a depth of about 25mm.
Presentation By- Ar. Roopa Chikkalgi 18
19. Ashlar back in course masonry
• This is combination of rubble masonry and ashlar masonry. In this
type of masondry, the face work is provided with rough tooled or
hammer dresses stones and backing of the wall may be made in
rubble masonry. Presentation By- Ar. Roopa Chikkalgi
19