This document presents a statistical model developed to predict water table behavior in Ludhiana district, Punjab, India based on various land use and climatic factors. The model uses data on area under rice, wheat, total cropped area, rainfall, and number of tube wells from 1983-2003. A water balance study of the district found that groundwater recharge is 26.51% from rainfall, 9.96% from canal seepage, and 63.53% from irrigation return flow. Comparison of observed and predicted annual water table changes showed close agreement. The model can help analyze the impact of land use activities like rice cultivation on declining water tables in the district.
Poster prepared by Mahtsente Tibebe, Birhanu Zemadim, Dereje Haile and Assefa Melesse at the Nile Basin Development Challenge (NBDC) Science Workshop, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 9–10 July 2013
This ppt is helpful to decide the site of rainwater harvesting structures to replenish the scarcity of water as well as to recharge the groundwater strata
> Present and future status of water and population
> Advantages of RWHs
> Design criteria for RWHs
> Case study on the field and off-field (Remote sensing)
> Cost comparison of a few structures
> NGOs working on GWHs
> Important Web-links
This document assesses the economic viability of furrow (surface) irrigation and sprinkler irrigation in Chaar-Ghare, Nepal. It finds that sprinkler irrigation requires less water than furrow irrigation but results in higher crop yields. Specifically:
- A study was conducted of different irrigation methods used to grow crops like tomatoes, onions, garlic, and corn in Chaar-Ghare.
- Furrow irrigation is currently most common but uses more water than sprinkler irrigation due to lower efficiency.
- The study calculated water requirements under different scenarios and found sprinkler irrigation requires around 1.5 times less water than furrow irrigation to grow the same crops.
- Based on the water usage and
Analysis of runoff for vishwamitri river watershed using scs cn method and ge...vishvam Pancholi
1) The document analyzes runoff for the Vishwamitri River watershed in India using remote sensing and geographic information systems. Various thematic maps were prepared including land use/land cover, soils, slope, and a weighted curve number map was calculated.
2) Runoff was estimated from 1990-2013 using the SCS-CN method. Average annual rainfall varied from 336-2170 mm while average annual runoff varied from 49.5-800.2 mm.
3) The study demonstrated the effective use of GIS and remote sensing to analyze watershed characteristics and estimate runoff for the Vishwamitri River watershed.
Assessing Water Demand And Supply For Srinagar City (J&K) India, Under Chang...IJMER
The study holds significance keeping in view the global climatic concerns, which began
to cast their shadows on the climate of Jammu and Kashmir as well. In order to accomplish the
present study, WEAP (water evaluation and planning model) of Stockholm Environment Institute
was used. This model is a tool for integrated water resource management and planning like,
forecasting water demand, supply, inflows, outflows, water use, reuse, water quality, priority areas
and Hydropower generation, etc,. During the present study discharge data from 1979-2010 (past
thirty years) of our study rivers i.e., Dachigam Stream and Sindh Stream was used as supply to our
demand sites and also to find the impacts of changing climatic conditions over them. Due to
availability of data upto year 2010 only therefore the scenarios were generated from year 2011
onwards. The water demands for Srinagar i,e., irrigation demands for agriculture and water
supply demands for our domestic needs was analyzed, industrial demands were not analyzed as we
have negligible demands in this sector. The water supplied to our demand sites was mostly
contributed by our study rivers and a little demand was met by ground water. Data was collected
from various agencies like PHE Srinagar, Census data of 2011, Meteorology department etc. This
collected and generated data was given as input to the WEAP model. The model generated the
trends for discharge of our study rivers for next 15 years and at the same time also generated
scenarios calculating our demands and supplies for the future. The model results reveal that there
will be shortages in the requirements met in the urban water needs for some years like 2016, 2017,
2018 and 2020. The results generated from the model outputs will help us in predicting whether
our water resources are going to suffice our growing water needs or not in future. The results will
help in drafting policies for future regarding water supplies and demands under changing climatic
scenarios.
Soil Erosion for Vishwamitri River watershed using RS and GISvishvam Pancholi
1) This document summarizes a study of soil erosion in the Vishwamitri River watershed using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE).
2) The USLE factors of rainfall (R), soil erodibility (K), slope length and steepness (LS), crop management (C), and supporting practices (P) were calculated for four sub-watersheds using GIS and remote sensing data.
3) The results showed that two of the sub-watersheds (SW1 and SW2) have very severe soil erosion rates of over 97 and 129 tons/ha/year respectively, and should be prioritized for soil conservation measures.
The aquifer system covers about 1400 to 1800 sq.km.
In general, the aquifers consist of the upper water table aquifer up to 30 m depth and the lower artesian aquifer of more than 500 m thickness, separated by semi-confining layer with thickness of up to 45 m.
Poster prepared by Mahtsente Tibebe, Birhanu Zemadim, Dereje Haile and Assefa Melesse at the Nile Basin Development Challenge (NBDC) Science Workshop, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 9–10 July 2013
This ppt is helpful to decide the site of rainwater harvesting structures to replenish the scarcity of water as well as to recharge the groundwater strata
> Present and future status of water and population
> Advantages of RWHs
> Design criteria for RWHs
> Case study on the field and off-field (Remote sensing)
> Cost comparison of a few structures
> NGOs working on GWHs
> Important Web-links
This document assesses the economic viability of furrow (surface) irrigation and sprinkler irrigation in Chaar-Ghare, Nepal. It finds that sprinkler irrigation requires less water than furrow irrigation but results in higher crop yields. Specifically:
- A study was conducted of different irrigation methods used to grow crops like tomatoes, onions, garlic, and corn in Chaar-Ghare.
- Furrow irrigation is currently most common but uses more water than sprinkler irrigation due to lower efficiency.
- The study calculated water requirements under different scenarios and found sprinkler irrigation requires around 1.5 times less water than furrow irrigation to grow the same crops.
- Based on the water usage and
Analysis of runoff for vishwamitri river watershed using scs cn method and ge...vishvam Pancholi
1) The document analyzes runoff for the Vishwamitri River watershed in India using remote sensing and geographic information systems. Various thematic maps were prepared including land use/land cover, soils, slope, and a weighted curve number map was calculated.
2) Runoff was estimated from 1990-2013 using the SCS-CN method. Average annual rainfall varied from 336-2170 mm while average annual runoff varied from 49.5-800.2 mm.
3) The study demonstrated the effective use of GIS and remote sensing to analyze watershed characteristics and estimate runoff for the Vishwamitri River watershed.
Assessing Water Demand And Supply For Srinagar City (J&K) India, Under Chang...IJMER
The study holds significance keeping in view the global climatic concerns, which began
to cast their shadows on the climate of Jammu and Kashmir as well. In order to accomplish the
present study, WEAP (water evaluation and planning model) of Stockholm Environment Institute
was used. This model is a tool for integrated water resource management and planning like,
forecasting water demand, supply, inflows, outflows, water use, reuse, water quality, priority areas
and Hydropower generation, etc,. During the present study discharge data from 1979-2010 (past
thirty years) of our study rivers i.e., Dachigam Stream and Sindh Stream was used as supply to our
demand sites and also to find the impacts of changing climatic conditions over them. Due to
availability of data upto year 2010 only therefore the scenarios were generated from year 2011
onwards. The water demands for Srinagar i,e., irrigation demands for agriculture and water
supply demands for our domestic needs was analyzed, industrial demands were not analyzed as we
have negligible demands in this sector. The water supplied to our demand sites was mostly
contributed by our study rivers and a little demand was met by ground water. Data was collected
from various agencies like PHE Srinagar, Census data of 2011, Meteorology department etc. This
collected and generated data was given as input to the WEAP model. The model generated the
trends for discharge of our study rivers for next 15 years and at the same time also generated
scenarios calculating our demands and supplies for the future. The model results reveal that there
will be shortages in the requirements met in the urban water needs for some years like 2016, 2017,
2018 and 2020. The results generated from the model outputs will help us in predicting whether
our water resources are going to suffice our growing water needs or not in future. The results will
help in drafting policies for future regarding water supplies and demands under changing climatic
scenarios.
Soil Erosion for Vishwamitri River watershed using RS and GISvishvam Pancholi
1) This document summarizes a study of soil erosion in the Vishwamitri River watershed using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE).
2) The USLE factors of rainfall (R), soil erodibility (K), slope length and steepness (LS), crop management (C), and supporting practices (P) were calculated for four sub-watersheds using GIS and remote sensing data.
3) The results showed that two of the sub-watersheds (SW1 and SW2) have very severe soil erosion rates of over 97 and 129 tons/ha/year respectively, and should be prioritized for soil conservation measures.
The aquifer system covers about 1400 to 1800 sq.km.
In general, the aquifers consist of the upper water table aquifer up to 30 m depth and the lower artesian aquifer of more than 500 m thickness, separated by semi-confining layer with thickness of up to 45 m.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
An analysis of On-Demand Water Supply System in Tank Command Areas of KarnatakaIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the impact of an on-demand water supply system implemented in a tank command area in
Karnataka, India between 2003-2008. Key findings include:
1) The on-demand system, which included buried pipelines and efficient irrigation methods, increased the irrigated area
and crop yields. Net returns per hectare for crops like paddy, mulberry, tomato, and cauliflower increased substantially.
2) Total net revenue for the command area increased dramatically from 2003-2004 levels, rising as much as 768% for some
years. Revenue increased for most major crops grown.
3) The on-demand system allowed year-round cropping in
1. The study evaluates the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method for estimating runoff in the Udayagiri Mandal of Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh, India.
2. Daily rainfall and runoff data from 2012-2016 were used to calculate runoff volumes using the SCS-CN method. An accuracy of R2=0.966 was found when comparing estimated versus actual runoff.
3. Land use/cover and soil maps were developed and overlaid to assign Curve Numbers to 78 polygons within the study area. Runoff was then estimated for each polygon and totals compared to observed runoff values.
Accurate estimation of runoff and sediment yield amount is not only an important task in physiographic but also important for proper watershed management. Watershed is an ideal unit for planning and management of land and water resources. Direct runoff in a catchment depends on soil type, land cover and rainfall. Of the many methods available for estimating runoff from rainfall, the curve number method (SCS-CN) is the most popular. The curve number depends upon soil and land use characteristics. This study was conducted in the Upper Cauvery Karnataka using remote sensing and GIS. SCSCN method has been used for surface runoff estimation for Eight watersheds of Upper Cauvery. The soil map and land use were created in the GIS environment, because the curve number method is used here as a distributed model. The major advantage of employing GIS in rainfall -runoff modelling is that more accurate sizing and catchment characterization can be achieved. Furthermore, the analysis can be performed much faster, especially when there is a complex mix of land use classes and different soil types. The results showed that the surface runoff ranged from 170.12-599.84 mm in the study area, when rainfall rates were received from 1042.65-1912 mm. To find the relationship between rainfall and runoff rates, The straight line equation was used, That was found there a strong correlation between Runoff and precipitation rates, The value correlation coefficient between them was 86%. The Average depth of runoff is more in watershed A4, Average runoff coefficient is less in Watershed B2, the correlation coefficient is high in A4 to a value of almost 95%. Through of these results, the study recommends take advantage of runoff rates by reserving them at collection of Watershed and then using them for agricultural purposes in the vicinity. This would be better than reserving water from the total area which is 10874.65 square kilometers, and then will evaporate or infiltrate before reaching the dam lake
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Rainfall runoff analysis of a compacted areawalled ashwah
This document summarizes a study analyzing rainfall-runoff characteristics of a compacted 1.23 hectare area in Kerala, India. Runoff was measured for 7 storms using a rectangular notch. A relationship between discharge and head was determined. Unit hydrographs were derived from storm hydrographs. A linear relationship between rainfall and runoff was found, with a runoff coefficient of 0.12 calculated for the study area. Maximum rainfall intensities of 30-89 mm/hr were found for storm durations. The results show rainwater recharge structures constructed based on the rainfall-runoff analyses enhanced the water table level.
This document describes methods used to estimate groundwater recharge in Neishaboor Plain, Iran. Three methods were used: the Water Table Fluctuation (WTF) method, the Distributed Hydrological Budget (DHB) method, and the Hydrological Budget (HB) method. The WTF and DHB methods estimated monthly recharge rates for individual areas defined by observation wells, while the HB method estimated annual recharge for the entire study area. The results found average annual recharge rates of 228, 269, and 354 million cubic meters using the WTF, DHB, and HB methods respectively. The WTF and DHB methods were considered to provide more reliable estimates of groundwater recharge.
IRJET- Rainfall-Runoff Analysis of the Watershed for River AIEIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study analyzing the rainfall-runoff relationship of the Aie River watershed in Bhutan using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. Key steps included delineating the watershed boundaries using ASTER DEM data, defining land use and soil types, acquiring meteorological data, running hydrologic simulations from 1995-2014, and analyzing the water balance. The SWAT model effectively simulated the rainfall-runoff dynamics in the ungauged watershed and provided insights into its hydrologic response to precipitation patterns.
The document describes WEAP (Water Evaluation and Planning), a water resources planning model. It provides an overview of WEAP's features and capabilities for integrated water resources management. These include built-in models, a model-building interface, reporting tools, and a GIS-based graphical user interface. The document then presents a case study application of WEAP for the Langat River Basin in Malaysia to investigate water supply and demand trends and assess water availability under future scenarios. The WEAP model developed for the basin was calibrated and validated and able to reasonably simulate streamflows. Modeling results show increasing future water deficits without intervention and the benefits of demand management and reduction of non-revenue water losses.
Application of water evaluation and planning (WEAP)oloofrank
This document discusses using the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) tool to model and analyze a hypothetical water management system. It describes how to create a WEAP model by defining system elements like demand sites, catchments, and reservoirs, and accounting for factors like population growth and climate change through different scenarios. The modeling process in WEAP and how it was applied to analyze unmet demand and groundwater storage under changing conditions is also summarized.
Weekly and Monthly Groundwater Recharge Estimation in A Rural Piedmont Enviro...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— La Colacha basin (Córdoba province, Argentina) is a typical piedmont rural area where the unconfined aquifer is used for agricultural activities. The objective of this work is to show the estimation of the recharge (R) rate in the unconfined aquifer, using the water table fluctuation method (WTF). Furthermore, considerations in relation to monthly and weekly recharge rhythms and to the aquifer discharge (D) were performed. The aquifer shows a typical behavior of groundwater recharge areas with an important and quick answer of water table to the arrival of precipitations (P). After that, a recession curve is observed, representing the groundwater discharge to the local base level (the main stream of the basin). The monthly estimation resulted in an annual average R value of 14.3 % of total P. Although the major amounts of recharge occur in full summer, according to the major total amounts of P, the correlation between monthly R and P was low (r2 < 0.2) as a result of the high quantities of rainfall water that are converted into runoff. The regression coefficient is higher (r2 = 0.6) for the end of summer and autumn when rainfalls diminish and have low intensities. This situation provides less water to the aquifer, but the recharge process is more efficient. The ratio R/D for the 3 year series was positive, which means that the aquifer recharge was dominant. In the weekly recharge analysis, the annual average R is slightly lower than in the monthly one, that is, 12.4 % of the total P. Thus, it may be concluded that, in this case, the change from monthly to a weekly time step, did not much improve the final value. However, the information obtained with the weekly estimation is much more useful to interpret the aquifer detailed behavior.
Assessment of Water Supply–Demand for a Watershed using WEAP Model dipesh thakur
This document describes using the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model to assess water supply and demand in the Ur River watershed in Madhya Pradesh, India. Key points:
- The WEAP model was customized and calibrated for the Ur River watershed using data on climate, land use, water resources and demand.
- Model results show that annual rainfall is expected to vary greatly in coming years, with some years receiving over 1200mm while the driest year may receive less than 400mm.
- Agriculture is a major land use but water supply is limited, putting pressure on water resources. More efficient agricultural practices and rainwater harvesting are recommended.
- The calibrated WEAP model provides a
Integrated application of HEC-RAS and GIS and RS for flood risk assessment i...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
REMOTE SENSING & GIS APPLICATIONS IN WATERSHED MANAGEMENT Sumant Diwakar
This document discusses remote sensing and GIS applications for watershed management. It describes how remote sensing can be used to characterize watersheds by mapping attributes like size, shape, drainage patterns, geology, soil, land use, and groundwater potential. Remote sensing data can be integrated with socioeconomic data and used to delineate watershed boundaries, prioritize watersheds for development, and generate action plans. The document also outlines steps for watershed demarcation, characterization using tools like GEOMORIS, and prioritization using methods such as the sediment yield index.
IRJET- Geomatics Model of Soil Erosion in Chittar Sub-Watersed, Vamanapuram R...IRJET Journal
This document describes a study that used GIS tools and the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) to model soil erosion in the Chittar Sub-watershed of the Vamanapuram River basin in Kerala, India. The RUSLE factors of rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, slope length and steepness, crop management, and conservation practices were derived from remote sensing data and rainfall records. The results showed that 3.9% of the watershed area had no erosion risk, while 77% had low erosion risk. Areas of moderate to very high erosion risk made up the remaining area, with very high risk zones accounting for 1.2% of the basin. The maximum predicted annual
This study explains the use of remote sensing data for spatially distributed hydrological modeling using the MIKE-SHE software used in Tarim River Basin CHINA
Quantitative evaluation and analysis of morphometric parameters derived from ...AM Publications
GIS has become a key source to understand the hydrological conditions of watersheds for the last few decades. Arc Hydro tool of ArcGIS has been proven its role in the automated extraction of drainage network and morphometric analysis from DEMs. The delineation of drainage network can be done either manually from topographic sheets or derived from Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data by means of computational methods. In the present work, ASTER DEM has been incurred to extract drainage network with the aid of Arc hydro tool. The Vaishali River basin of Madhya Pradesh has been taken as the study area. This study has been done primarily based on a geo-spatial software ARC GIS in which ARC HYDRO a tool has been used extensively. The quantitative evaluation and analysis of about twenty morphometric parameters has been done based on the linear, areal and relief aspects. The analysis has revealed that the Vaishali River basin is a fifth order basin showing dendritic drainage pattern with drainage density of 0.40 per km and stream frequency of 0.08 per km2. Low drainage density indicates the basin has not been much affected by structural disturbances while drainage frequency and very coarse drainage texture specifies low relief and porous, permeable rocks beneath the ground surface. The form factor, circularity ratio and elongated ratio suggest the basin shape as elongated. The area has low to moderate relief and slopes displays moderate relief ratios. It is concluded that this technique is not only reduces time but also provides valuable results which are very helpful for watershed management studies.
Morphometry and Hydrology relationship in Lidder valleyShakil Romshoo
Morphometric analysis of the Lidder catchment was carried out using geospatial technique.The analysis revealed that the area has uniform lithology and is structurally permeable. The high drainage density of all
subwatersheds indicate more surface runoff.The morphometric analysis also indicates that the area is more prone to weathering due to very-coarse to coarse drainage texture.
IRJET- GIS based Quantitative Morphometric Analysis of Warna Watershed, Mahar...IRJET Journal
This document presents a morphometric analysis of the Warna watershed located in Maharashtra, India using GIS techniques. Key findings include:
1) The Warna basin has a trunk stream of 8th order, with a total of 20,325 streams of all orders. The bifurcation ratio varies from 2 to 10.3 and the main channel length is 140.73 km.
2) The total area of the Warna basin is 2,082.95 sq km. The form factor is 0.108, drainage density is 3.70 km/sq km, and elongation ratio is 0.37.
3) Relief parameters show the total basin relief is 572 m, ruggedness number
Regression models for prediction of water quality in krishna riverAlexander Decker
The document summarizes a study that developed regression models to predict water quality in the Krishna River in India based on land use data. Key points:
1) Regression models were developed relating concentrations of dissolved solids in the river to land use characteristics during the wet season, when most rainfall and runoff occurs.
2) Land use in the river basin is mainly agriculture, forest, and waste land. Correlation analyses found relationships between certain dissolved solids and different land uses.
3) The regression models accounted for a significant percentage of variation in concentrations of calcium, bicarbonates, chlorides, sulfates, nitrates, phosphates, and silicates based on land use data.
Regression models for prediction of water quality in krishna riverAlexander Decker
The document summarizes a study that developed regression models to predict water quality in the Krishna River in India based on land use data. Key points:
1) Regression models were developed relating concentrations of dissolved solids in the river to land use characteristics during the wet season, when most rainfall and runoff occurs.
2) Land use in the river basin is mainly agriculture, forest, and waste land. Correlation analyses found relationships between certain dissolved solids and different land uses.
3) The regression models accounted for a significant percentage of variation in concentrations of calcium, bicarbonates, chlorides, sulfates, nitrates, phosphates, and silicates based on land use data.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
An analysis of On-Demand Water Supply System in Tank Command Areas of KarnatakaIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the impact of an on-demand water supply system implemented in a tank command area in
Karnataka, India between 2003-2008. Key findings include:
1) The on-demand system, which included buried pipelines and efficient irrigation methods, increased the irrigated area
and crop yields. Net returns per hectare for crops like paddy, mulberry, tomato, and cauliflower increased substantially.
2) Total net revenue for the command area increased dramatically from 2003-2004 levels, rising as much as 768% for some
years. Revenue increased for most major crops grown.
3) The on-demand system allowed year-round cropping in
1. The study evaluates the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method for estimating runoff in the Udayagiri Mandal of Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh, India.
2. Daily rainfall and runoff data from 2012-2016 were used to calculate runoff volumes using the SCS-CN method. An accuracy of R2=0.966 was found when comparing estimated versus actual runoff.
3. Land use/cover and soil maps were developed and overlaid to assign Curve Numbers to 78 polygons within the study area. Runoff was then estimated for each polygon and totals compared to observed runoff values.
Accurate estimation of runoff and sediment yield amount is not only an important task in physiographic but also important for proper watershed management. Watershed is an ideal unit for planning and management of land and water resources. Direct runoff in a catchment depends on soil type, land cover and rainfall. Of the many methods available for estimating runoff from rainfall, the curve number method (SCS-CN) is the most popular. The curve number depends upon soil and land use characteristics. This study was conducted in the Upper Cauvery Karnataka using remote sensing and GIS. SCSCN method has been used for surface runoff estimation for Eight watersheds of Upper Cauvery. The soil map and land use were created in the GIS environment, because the curve number method is used here as a distributed model. The major advantage of employing GIS in rainfall -runoff modelling is that more accurate sizing and catchment characterization can be achieved. Furthermore, the analysis can be performed much faster, especially when there is a complex mix of land use classes and different soil types. The results showed that the surface runoff ranged from 170.12-599.84 mm in the study area, when rainfall rates were received from 1042.65-1912 mm. To find the relationship between rainfall and runoff rates, The straight line equation was used, That was found there a strong correlation between Runoff and precipitation rates, The value correlation coefficient between them was 86%. The Average depth of runoff is more in watershed A4, Average runoff coefficient is less in Watershed B2, the correlation coefficient is high in A4 to a value of almost 95%. Through of these results, the study recommends take advantage of runoff rates by reserving them at collection of Watershed and then using them for agricultural purposes in the vicinity. This would be better than reserving water from the total area which is 10874.65 square kilometers, and then will evaporate or infiltrate before reaching the dam lake
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Rainfall runoff analysis of a compacted areawalled ashwah
This document summarizes a study analyzing rainfall-runoff characteristics of a compacted 1.23 hectare area in Kerala, India. Runoff was measured for 7 storms using a rectangular notch. A relationship between discharge and head was determined. Unit hydrographs were derived from storm hydrographs. A linear relationship between rainfall and runoff was found, with a runoff coefficient of 0.12 calculated for the study area. Maximum rainfall intensities of 30-89 mm/hr were found for storm durations. The results show rainwater recharge structures constructed based on the rainfall-runoff analyses enhanced the water table level.
This document describes methods used to estimate groundwater recharge in Neishaboor Plain, Iran. Three methods were used: the Water Table Fluctuation (WTF) method, the Distributed Hydrological Budget (DHB) method, and the Hydrological Budget (HB) method. The WTF and DHB methods estimated monthly recharge rates for individual areas defined by observation wells, while the HB method estimated annual recharge for the entire study area. The results found average annual recharge rates of 228, 269, and 354 million cubic meters using the WTF, DHB, and HB methods respectively. The WTF and DHB methods were considered to provide more reliable estimates of groundwater recharge.
IRJET- Rainfall-Runoff Analysis of the Watershed for River AIEIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study analyzing the rainfall-runoff relationship of the Aie River watershed in Bhutan using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. Key steps included delineating the watershed boundaries using ASTER DEM data, defining land use and soil types, acquiring meteorological data, running hydrologic simulations from 1995-2014, and analyzing the water balance. The SWAT model effectively simulated the rainfall-runoff dynamics in the ungauged watershed and provided insights into its hydrologic response to precipitation patterns.
The document describes WEAP (Water Evaluation and Planning), a water resources planning model. It provides an overview of WEAP's features and capabilities for integrated water resources management. These include built-in models, a model-building interface, reporting tools, and a GIS-based graphical user interface. The document then presents a case study application of WEAP for the Langat River Basin in Malaysia to investigate water supply and demand trends and assess water availability under future scenarios. The WEAP model developed for the basin was calibrated and validated and able to reasonably simulate streamflows. Modeling results show increasing future water deficits without intervention and the benefits of demand management and reduction of non-revenue water losses.
Application of water evaluation and planning (WEAP)oloofrank
This document discusses using the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) tool to model and analyze a hypothetical water management system. It describes how to create a WEAP model by defining system elements like demand sites, catchments, and reservoirs, and accounting for factors like population growth and climate change through different scenarios. The modeling process in WEAP and how it was applied to analyze unmet demand and groundwater storage under changing conditions is also summarized.
Weekly and Monthly Groundwater Recharge Estimation in A Rural Piedmont Enviro...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— La Colacha basin (Córdoba province, Argentina) is a typical piedmont rural area where the unconfined aquifer is used for agricultural activities. The objective of this work is to show the estimation of the recharge (R) rate in the unconfined aquifer, using the water table fluctuation method (WTF). Furthermore, considerations in relation to monthly and weekly recharge rhythms and to the aquifer discharge (D) were performed. The aquifer shows a typical behavior of groundwater recharge areas with an important and quick answer of water table to the arrival of precipitations (P). After that, a recession curve is observed, representing the groundwater discharge to the local base level (the main stream of the basin). The monthly estimation resulted in an annual average R value of 14.3 % of total P. Although the major amounts of recharge occur in full summer, according to the major total amounts of P, the correlation between monthly R and P was low (r2 < 0.2) as a result of the high quantities of rainfall water that are converted into runoff. The regression coefficient is higher (r2 = 0.6) for the end of summer and autumn when rainfalls diminish and have low intensities. This situation provides less water to the aquifer, but the recharge process is more efficient. The ratio R/D for the 3 year series was positive, which means that the aquifer recharge was dominant. In the weekly recharge analysis, the annual average R is slightly lower than in the monthly one, that is, 12.4 % of the total P. Thus, it may be concluded that, in this case, the change from monthly to a weekly time step, did not much improve the final value. However, the information obtained with the weekly estimation is much more useful to interpret the aquifer detailed behavior.
Assessment of Water Supply–Demand for a Watershed using WEAP Model dipesh thakur
This document describes using the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model to assess water supply and demand in the Ur River watershed in Madhya Pradesh, India. Key points:
- The WEAP model was customized and calibrated for the Ur River watershed using data on climate, land use, water resources and demand.
- Model results show that annual rainfall is expected to vary greatly in coming years, with some years receiving over 1200mm while the driest year may receive less than 400mm.
- Agriculture is a major land use but water supply is limited, putting pressure on water resources. More efficient agricultural practices and rainwater harvesting are recommended.
- The calibrated WEAP model provides a
Integrated application of HEC-RAS and GIS and RS for flood risk assessment i...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
REMOTE SENSING & GIS APPLICATIONS IN WATERSHED MANAGEMENT Sumant Diwakar
This document discusses remote sensing and GIS applications for watershed management. It describes how remote sensing can be used to characterize watersheds by mapping attributes like size, shape, drainage patterns, geology, soil, land use, and groundwater potential. Remote sensing data can be integrated with socioeconomic data and used to delineate watershed boundaries, prioritize watersheds for development, and generate action plans. The document also outlines steps for watershed demarcation, characterization using tools like GEOMORIS, and prioritization using methods such as the sediment yield index.
IRJET- Geomatics Model of Soil Erosion in Chittar Sub-Watersed, Vamanapuram R...IRJET Journal
This document describes a study that used GIS tools and the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) to model soil erosion in the Chittar Sub-watershed of the Vamanapuram River basin in Kerala, India. The RUSLE factors of rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, slope length and steepness, crop management, and conservation practices were derived from remote sensing data and rainfall records. The results showed that 3.9% of the watershed area had no erosion risk, while 77% had low erosion risk. Areas of moderate to very high erosion risk made up the remaining area, with very high risk zones accounting for 1.2% of the basin. The maximum predicted annual
This study explains the use of remote sensing data for spatially distributed hydrological modeling using the MIKE-SHE software used in Tarim River Basin CHINA
Quantitative evaluation and analysis of morphometric parameters derived from ...AM Publications
GIS has become a key source to understand the hydrological conditions of watersheds for the last few decades. Arc Hydro tool of ArcGIS has been proven its role in the automated extraction of drainage network and morphometric analysis from DEMs. The delineation of drainage network can be done either manually from topographic sheets or derived from Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data by means of computational methods. In the present work, ASTER DEM has been incurred to extract drainage network with the aid of Arc hydro tool. The Vaishali River basin of Madhya Pradesh has been taken as the study area. This study has been done primarily based on a geo-spatial software ARC GIS in which ARC HYDRO a tool has been used extensively. The quantitative evaluation and analysis of about twenty morphometric parameters has been done based on the linear, areal and relief aspects. The analysis has revealed that the Vaishali River basin is a fifth order basin showing dendritic drainage pattern with drainage density of 0.40 per km and stream frequency of 0.08 per km2. Low drainage density indicates the basin has not been much affected by structural disturbances while drainage frequency and very coarse drainage texture specifies low relief and porous, permeable rocks beneath the ground surface. The form factor, circularity ratio and elongated ratio suggest the basin shape as elongated. The area has low to moderate relief and slopes displays moderate relief ratios. It is concluded that this technique is not only reduces time but also provides valuable results which are very helpful for watershed management studies.
Morphometry and Hydrology relationship in Lidder valleyShakil Romshoo
Morphometric analysis of the Lidder catchment was carried out using geospatial technique.The analysis revealed that the area has uniform lithology and is structurally permeable. The high drainage density of all
subwatersheds indicate more surface runoff.The morphometric analysis also indicates that the area is more prone to weathering due to very-coarse to coarse drainage texture.
IRJET- GIS based Quantitative Morphometric Analysis of Warna Watershed, Mahar...IRJET Journal
This document presents a morphometric analysis of the Warna watershed located in Maharashtra, India using GIS techniques. Key findings include:
1) The Warna basin has a trunk stream of 8th order, with a total of 20,325 streams of all orders. The bifurcation ratio varies from 2 to 10.3 and the main channel length is 140.73 km.
2) The total area of the Warna basin is 2,082.95 sq km. The form factor is 0.108, drainage density is 3.70 km/sq km, and elongation ratio is 0.37.
3) Relief parameters show the total basin relief is 572 m, ruggedness number
Regression models for prediction of water quality in krishna riverAlexander Decker
The document summarizes a study that developed regression models to predict water quality in the Krishna River in India based on land use data. Key points:
1) Regression models were developed relating concentrations of dissolved solids in the river to land use characteristics during the wet season, when most rainfall and runoff occurs.
2) Land use in the river basin is mainly agriculture, forest, and waste land. Correlation analyses found relationships between certain dissolved solids and different land uses.
3) The regression models accounted for a significant percentage of variation in concentrations of calcium, bicarbonates, chlorides, sulfates, nitrates, phosphates, and silicates based on land use data.
Regression models for prediction of water quality in krishna riverAlexander Decker
The document summarizes a study that developed regression models to predict water quality in the Krishna River in India based on land use data. Key points:
1) Regression models were developed relating concentrations of dissolved solids in the river to land use characteristics during the wet season, when most rainfall and runoff occurs.
2) Land use in the river basin is mainly agriculture, forest, and waste land. Correlation analyses found relationships between certain dissolved solids and different land uses.
3) The regression models accounted for a significant percentage of variation in concentrations of calcium, bicarbonates, chlorides, sulfates, nitrates, phosphates, and silicates based on land use data.
IRJET- Morphometric Analysis of Venna River Basin using Geospatial ToolIRJET Journal
The document summarizes a morphometric analysis of the Venna River basin in India using geospatial tools. Key findings include:
1) The Venna basin has a drainage area of 324 sq km and consists of streams up to the 7th order. Linear aspects show the total stream length is 1805.02 km and bifurcation ratios range from 2 to 5.12.
2) Areal parameters indicate the basin has an elongated shape with a length of 128.46 km and perimeter of 324 sq km. Drainage density is 5.57 km/sqkm.
3) Relief analysis reveals a total basin relief of 824 m, ruggedness number of 4.58, and relief ratio of
This document summarizes a study on variations in water productivity in the Lower Bhavani Project area in Tamil Nadu, India using a GIS-based crop model. Water productivity, defined as crop yield per unit of irrigation water, was simulated for different crops using the GEPIC model. Water quality samples were also collected from two distributaries and analyzed for parameters like pH, EC, chlorine. The study found higher water productivity for sugarcane in the tail-head reach compared to other locations, indicating variations based on factors like irrigation management, fertilizer use, and water quality. Water quality analysis showed irrigation water in the area is suitable for agriculture.
IRJET-Morphometric Analysis of Vela Hari Watershed using GISIRJET Journal
This document presents a morphometric analysis of the Vela Hari watershed in Maharashtra, India using GIS. Key findings include:
- The watershed is 192 km2 and contains 529 total streams ranging from 1st to 5th order.
- Calculated drainage parameters include a mean bifurcation ratio of 4.8, drainage density of 2.25, stream frequency of 2.76, and circulatory ratio of 0.25.
- These values suggest a moderately low permeability of the basin's black soil, sparse vegetation cover, and elongated shape, indicating potential for high runoff and flooding.
- The analysis of various linear, areal and relief aspects of the watershed using
This document presents a case study of coupling surface water and groundwater models in the Netravathi river basin located in southern India. It summarizes the data collected and methodology used. Key data included a digital elevation model, soil data, land use/land cover maps, rainfall and weather data, hydrological data including streamflow, and groundwater levels. The methodology involved using SWAT to model surface water hydrology and estimate groundwater recharge, then coupling the SWAT outputs to a MODFLOW groundwater model to allow a more complete analysis of the regional hydrological system.
Perspective Study on Ground Water in East Godavari District of Andhra Pradeshiosrjce
This article is a deal with the study of East Godavari District There is a need for study the ground
water in the district. The information helps the planners, hydrologists, Geologists, Geographers and researchers
for better planning and management of underground water data whenever it is required. So for this a study is
made on the basis of secondary data form internet and water board survey reports from three decades, This
helps in decision making based on the information of ground water as a resource in East Godavari District. A
series of information has been considered and highlighted for the uses.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Estimation of morphometric parameters and runoff using rs & gis techniqueseSAT Journals
Abstract
Land and water are the two vital natural resources, the optimal management of these resources with minimum adverse environmental
impact are essential not only for sustainable development but also for human survival. Satellite remote sensing with geographic
information system has a pragmatic approach to map and generate spatial input layers of predicting response behavior and yield of
watershed. Hence, in the present study an attempt has been made to understand the hydrological process of the catchment at the
watershed level by drawing the inferences from moprhometric analysis and runoff. The study area chosen for the present study is
Yagachi catchment situated in Chickamaglur and Hassan district lies geographically at a longitude 75⁰52’08.77”E and
13⁰10’50.77”N latitude. It covers an area of 559.493 Sq.km. Morphometric analysis is carried out to estimate morphometric
parameters at Micro-watershed to understand the hydrological response of the catchment at the Micro-watershed level. Daily runoff
is estimated using USDA SCS curve number model for a period of 10 years from 2001 to 2010. The rainfall runoff relationship of the
study shows there is a positive correlation.
Keywords: morphometric analysis, runoff, remote sensing and GIS, SCS - method
Estimation of morphometric parameters and runoff using rs & gis techniqueseSAT Journals
This document summarizes a study that used remote sensing and GIS techniques to estimate morphometric parameters and runoff for the Yagachi catchment area in India over a 10-year period. Morphometric analysis was conducted to understand the hydrological response at the micro-watershed level. Daily runoff was estimated using the SCS curve number model. The results showed a positive correlation between rainfall and runoff. Land use/land cover changes between 2001-2010 were found to impact estimated runoff amounts. Remote sensing approaches provided an effective means to model runoff for this large, ungauged area.
Modelling of runoff response in a semi-arid coastal watershed using SWATIJERA Editor
The GIS based hydrological model SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) is applied to a coastal watershed in the water scarce Saurashtra region of Gujarat, India, to understand the rainfall-runoff linkage. The study attempts to identify response of the coastal watershed for existing climatic conditions. The hydrological model is calibrated (2006-2009) and validated (2010-2012) at both daily and monthly scales. Performance of the model during calibration and validation period is evaluated through standard indices, NSE, R2 and PBIAS that indicate an acceptable response. At monthly scale, model performance is good for both low and above average rainfall years.
Optimization Analysis of Irrigation Water Using Linear Programpaperpublications3
Abstract: Irrigation water is a resource that is very strategic agriculture, the role of irrigation water has a very large dimensions. These resources not only affect productivity but also affects the spectrum utilization of agricultural commodities. Along with population growth, the demand for irrigation water to produce food (rice) will continue to increase. This is related to the fact that the setting and management of irrigation water are critical to improving agricultural productivity ..
Therefore we need a system of regulation and management of water resources so that irrigation water can be used optimally, including the provision of irrigation water that is tailored to their needs. Provision of irrigation water is the optimal amount of irrigation water supplied from the source through carrier channels (primary and secondary), tertiary canals, until the rice fields as needed.
In this study, the optimization is done by using a Linear Program. Value obtained from this optimization needs irrigation water as needed.
In addition to the optimization is done, to achieve high efficiency and the need for channel maintenance of existing irrigation facilities so not much irrigation water is wasted.
This document discusses methods for estimating groundwater potential and balance. It provides an overview of key concepts like the hydrologic cycle, national water policy regarding groundwater, and the groundwater balance equation. The document also outlines data requirements, methodology, and methods for estimating individual components of the groundwater balance like recharge from rainfall, recharge from canals, and evapotranspiration from groundwater. Empirical formulas and norms from expert committees are presented for calculating various recharge coefficients.
Performance evaluation of sprinkler irrigation system in Matimba irrigation s...IRJET Journal
The document summarizes a study that evaluated the performance of a sprinkler irrigation system in Matimba, Rwanda. Catch can tests were conducted on 110 hectares of maize under the system. Key findings were that the distribution uniformity was 84%, coefficient of uniformity was 86%, and delivery performance ratio was 0.9, indicating overall satisfactory system performance. However, regular maintenance and controlling silt buildup were recommended to improve performance further.
Sustainable Water Management by Conjunctive use of Ground and Surface Water o...IRJET Journal
This document discusses sustainable water management through conjunctive use of surface and groundwater in the Left Bank Canal of Ghataprabha Command area in Karnataka, India. It finds that crop water demand exceeds available surface water. It proposes a new cropping pattern focusing on crops that require less water like maize, wheat, and general crops. The total water requirement of the proposed pattern is estimated to be 290.975 MCM, which can be met through conjunctive use of surface and groundwater. A cost-benefit analysis indicates the proposed approach would increase yields, produce value, and efficient water management compared to current practices.
AN OVERVIEW OF INTEGRATED THEORY OF IRRIGATION EFFICIENCY AND UNIFORMITY AND ...Venkataraju Badanapuri
The irrigation efficiency, crop water use efficiency, and irrigation uniformity evaluation terms that are relevant to irrigation systems and management practices currently used in India, and around the world. The definitions and equations described can be used by crop consultants, irrigation district personnel, and university, state, and private agency personnel to evaluate how efficiently irrigation water is applied and/or used by the crop, and can help to promote better or improved use of water resources in agriculture. As available water resources become scarcer, more emphasis is given to efficient use of irrigation water for maximum economic return and water resources sustainability.
Hydrogeological Investigation and Analyzing Groundwater Scenario in Haringhat...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a hydrogeological study conducted in Haringhata Block, West Bengal, India to analyze the groundwater resources and develop sustainable management strategies. The study analyzed lithology from 17 sites, finding aquifers comprised of coarse sand, fine sand and clay. Groundwater level data from 2004-2008 showed mean pre-monsoon depths ranged from 3.6-8.2m and post-monsoon depths ranged from 1.38-5.3m. Groundwater fluctuations averaged 2-3.5m. Contour maps showed depth generally increased westward. Hydraulic connectivity was good between most sites. The analysis will help inform sustainable groundwater utilization plans for the area.
Similar to Statistical Model to Analyze the Impact of Land use Activity for District Ludhiana (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
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Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.