This document discusses the stationary applications of fuel cells. It describes fuel cells as power sources that are not designed to be moved and provide electricity or heat. Some key stationary applications include combined heat and power systems, uninterruptible power supplies, and primary power units for critical facilities like telecommunications towers, hospitals, airports, and emergency dispatch centers. It outlines some of the shortcomings of traditional battery and diesel generator backup power systems and then describes how fuel cells work and their advantages over other technologies for providing reliable backup power.

1. STATIONARY APPLICATION OF
FUEL CELL
M ROSHINI
13PN02

3. Fuel Cell
• Fuel Cell defines stationary fuel cells, provide electricity (or
heat) but are not designed to be moved.
• These include
Combined heat and power (CHP)
Uninterruptible power systems (UPS)
Primary power units
• For individuals and businesses, these power outages are
temporary inconvenience.

4. Need of fuel cell??
• Critical facilities in public and private sector includes:
Telecommunications Towers
Hospitals
Airports
Emergency Dispatch
Banks And Data Centers
• Basic infrastructure includes:
Water And Sewage Pumps
Traffic Signals
Refrigeration
• Brief outages represent a risk to public safety and potentially significant
societal and economic costs.

5. TYPES OF FACILITIES
• Two types of back-up power:
Banks Of Valve-regulated Lead-acid (VRLA)
Batteries
Diesel Generators
• These technologies are low cost, each has shortcomings.

6. VRLA Battery Systems
 It is designed to provide power 15 minutes -full power
 It gives enough time to complete an orderly shutdown of equipment.
 Constant supply of power,even temporary (1 min) power outages or
surges do not disrupt computer equipment.
DISADVANTAGES:
 Batteries are sensitive to extreme heat and cold, making them
imperfect for outdoor applications
 They need to be replaced every few years due to declining
performance.

7. Diesel Generators
• Primary source -backup power
DISADVANTAGES:
 Inefficient
 Emissions from fuel combustion
 Periodic maintenance
 Not suitable for urban locations,since noise, fuel storage, and pollution are
unwelcome
 Air quality regulations
 In extreme disasters and prolonged power outages, diesel generators are
reliant upon the delivery of fuel.

8. How fuel cell works???

9. Basic Principle
 The basic design and electrochemical principle behind fuel cells is
straightforward
 A fuel cell stack requires hydrogen (or a similar energy carrier),
oxygen, and an electrolytic solution
 Hydrogen and ambient air flow into the fuel cell, which contains an
anode and a cathode
 At the anode, the hydrogen separates into a proton and an electron.
 The proton migrates to the cathode, where it reacts with the oxygen
to form water.
 The electrons, cannot pass through membrane, flow from the cell to
provide electrical power.

10. Advantages of fuel cells
• Fuel cells have no moving parts, and produce no particulate
emissions
• It is maintenance free and both tested and operated remotely
• It can be configured for any size power
Few kilowatts -Telecommunications tower
Megawatt-scale -hospitals and airports
• Hydrogen is safely stored on-site or produced within the fuel
cell itself

11. Applications Of Fuel Cells
In Critical Facilities

13. Telecommunications
 The telecommunications industry relies on a network of cell phone towers
and field facilities to transmit phone calls and data.
 To operate effectively, towers and field facilities requires a constant
electrical power supply.
 The primary source of backup power for communications towers is lead-
acid batteries, but of limited duration
 Telecommunications towers require battery banks –challenging, where fuel
cells used
 The fuel cell and hydrogen tank can be operated automatically and
remotely.

15. Hospitals
 Hospitals,law to have a secure, resilient power supply to
continue to operate critical equipment during power
outages.
 Fuel cell operates in a combined heat and power
application
 It produces to 200 kW of baseload electricity and preheats
boiler feed water with the heat recovered from the fuel
cell.
 The fuel cell system provides secure power in grid failure.

17. Airports
• Power blackouts airports -infrequent but extremely costly for air traffic
control, airlines, airport security and passengers
• Airports have redundant power supplies including back-up generators,
these can and do fail
• Several airports are testing fuel-cell operated ground handling equipment.
• Airports, replacement of diesel generators with fuel cells for back-up power
• To amortize the costs, airports consider installation of fuel cells provide
primary power for the entire facility

18. Emergency Centers
• Extreme national disaster, schools provide a safe haven for 25 to 50 million
citizens
• Grid power down, facilities have partial power to conduct emergency
management operations and meet community needs
• Example
• South Windsor High School and Middleton High School in Connecticut are
home to fuel cell systems that provide primary power used as emergency
shelters

20. Wastewater Treatment
• Wastewater treatment is public infrastructure that needs to
keep operating in the event of power loss.
• The biogas in treatment process provides renewable fuel to
power fuel cell ,avoids release of methane.
• To reduce air pollution and reliance on power grid, Wastewater
Treatment implement reliable distributed power resource.
• Capture methane from the wastewater treatment, stationary
fuel cells provide high-quality, cost savings.