The document describes the anatomy and functions of the stomach. The stomach has two curves, a lesser and greater curvature, and can hold between 50mL when empty up to 4L when full. It is divided into four regions - the cardia, fundus, body, and pyloric canal. The stomach acts as a storage tank, uses mechanical churning to break down food and chemicals secreted by gastric glands to digest food chemically before propelling it into the small intestine. The only absorption that occurs in the stomach is of alcohol, caffeine, and aspirin which are absorbed through its lining directly into the bloodstream.
Stomach ANATOMY, FUNCTIONS AND SECRETIONS (the guyton and hall physiology)Maryam Fida
ANATOMY, FUNCTIONS AND SECRETIONS
Anatomically, the stomach is usually divided in to two major parts:
1. Body 2. Antrum
Physiologically, the stomach is divided in to
1. the “ ORAD” portion, comprises of about first two thirds of the body.
2. the “CAUDAD” portion, comprises the remainder of the body plus the antrum.
The esophagus empties into the orad stomach.
primary function is to store food.
800 -1500 mL of food. Or 0.8 – 1.5 L
Little mixing occurs in the orad stomach because the contractions are weak and infrequent, so the ingested food remains in unmixed.
vagovagal reflex :
“initiated by swallowing or distention is define as,” A reflex that occurs from the stomach to the brain stem and then back to the stomach reduces the tone in the muscular wall of the body of the stomach so that the wall bulges progressively outward, accommodating greater and greater quantities of food up to a limit in the completely relaxed stomach”.
mixing
The digestive juices of the stomach are secreted by Gastric glands
|
Gastric glands are present in body of stomach except along a narrow strip on the lesser curvature of the stomach
|
As long as food is in the stomach. WEAK PERISTALIC CONSTRICTOR WAVES called Mixing waves begins in the mid portion of stomach and move towards antrum about once every 15 to 20 seconds.
|
These waves are initiated by the “BASIC ELECTRICAL RHYTHM”
|
Consisting of SLOW WAVES. That occurs from the body and providing powerful PERISTALIC ACTION POTENTIAL
|
Driven constrictor rings that force the antral contents towards pylorus.
Strong peristalsis in the body of stomach
after 12-24 hour of last meal sometimes last for 2-3 min
Reach its max. 3-4 days
Due to hypoglycemia
Endocrine System and Lymphatic/ immune system
The Endocrine system consist of glands and hormones that regulate the body. The main parts of the system are the pituitary gland, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands, and the pancreas, ovaries, and testes
It is ductless meaning it just goes into the body via bloodstream/ diffusion.
It uses the blood stream to transport hormones throughout the body. Each hormone effects different tissues and parts of the body, some effect more more than one thing.
Parts of endocrine system
Pituitary gland- Master gland, regulates the glands and at the base of the brain.
Adrenal gland- produces aldosterone, cortisol and other steroids. Regulates salt concentration, glucose, fat, and gprotein and other things dealing with response.
Hypothalamus- Mediates between the nervous system and endocrine system
Thymus - helps develop immune system and produce t-cells
Parathyroid- back of thyroid (metabolism controler), hormone= parathormone,
Pancreas- Islet of langerhans, Hormone= Insulin, Stimulates glucose to go to cells, hormone= glucagon and changes glycogen to glucose.
Thyroid gland- Located in the neck, releases thyroxine and regulates metabolism by producing thyroxine which controls the metabolic rate of cells and calcitonin for calcium levels.
__________________________________________________________________________
Lymphatic system
- carries tissue fluid throughout body to fight infections and diseases
-Transport fatty acid from intestines to the circulatory system
-Filters and cleans the lymph of any debris, abnormal cells, or pathogens.
-Plays an active role in defending the body from pathogens, Protects us against infectious pathogenic viruses, bacteria, and fungi as well as parasitic animals and protists and attacks those that manage to enter
-Leukocytes – White Blood cells Fight infection and are formed in the bone marrow Five types – neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, and monocytes.
The Gastrointestinal Immune (GI) System
Gut-associated lymphoid tissue or GALT
Challenge to the digestive tract’s immune system:
Correctly tell the difference between
what is bad (such as viruses and bad bacteria)
and what is good (such as nutrients and good bacteria)
Peyer's Patches: These are lymphoid follicles similar in many ways to lymph nodes located in the mucosa and extending into the submucosa of the small intestine especially the ileum.
anatomy of stomach,functions of stomach, location, shape position and parts of stomach,orifices of stomach, curvature of stomach, relations of stomach, blood supply, innervation, lymphatic drainage, clinical relation , GERD, peptic ulcer,
This is an easy ppt of stomach anatomy .One can make notes from this too. If you like this ppt like and follow .
Tell me in comment section if any suggestions or query.
Stomach ANATOMY, FUNCTIONS AND SECRETIONS (the guyton and hall physiology)Maryam Fida
ANATOMY, FUNCTIONS AND SECRETIONS
Anatomically, the stomach is usually divided in to two major parts:
1. Body 2. Antrum
Physiologically, the stomach is divided in to
1. the “ ORAD” portion, comprises of about first two thirds of the body.
2. the “CAUDAD” portion, comprises the remainder of the body plus the antrum.
The esophagus empties into the orad stomach.
primary function is to store food.
800 -1500 mL of food. Or 0.8 – 1.5 L
Little mixing occurs in the orad stomach because the contractions are weak and infrequent, so the ingested food remains in unmixed.
vagovagal reflex :
“initiated by swallowing or distention is define as,” A reflex that occurs from the stomach to the brain stem and then back to the stomach reduces the tone in the muscular wall of the body of the stomach so that the wall bulges progressively outward, accommodating greater and greater quantities of food up to a limit in the completely relaxed stomach”.
mixing
The digestive juices of the stomach are secreted by Gastric glands
|
Gastric glands are present in body of stomach except along a narrow strip on the lesser curvature of the stomach
|
As long as food is in the stomach. WEAK PERISTALIC CONSTRICTOR WAVES called Mixing waves begins in the mid portion of stomach and move towards antrum about once every 15 to 20 seconds.
|
These waves are initiated by the “BASIC ELECTRICAL RHYTHM”
|
Consisting of SLOW WAVES. That occurs from the body and providing powerful PERISTALIC ACTION POTENTIAL
|
Driven constrictor rings that force the antral contents towards pylorus.
Strong peristalsis in the body of stomach
after 12-24 hour of last meal sometimes last for 2-3 min
Reach its max. 3-4 days
Due to hypoglycemia
Endocrine System and Lymphatic/ immune system
The Endocrine system consist of glands and hormones that regulate the body. The main parts of the system are the pituitary gland, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands, and the pancreas, ovaries, and testes
It is ductless meaning it just goes into the body via bloodstream/ diffusion.
It uses the blood stream to transport hormones throughout the body. Each hormone effects different tissues and parts of the body, some effect more more than one thing.
Parts of endocrine system
Pituitary gland- Master gland, regulates the glands and at the base of the brain.
Adrenal gland- produces aldosterone, cortisol and other steroids. Regulates salt concentration, glucose, fat, and gprotein and other things dealing with response.
Hypothalamus- Mediates between the nervous system and endocrine system
Thymus - helps develop immune system and produce t-cells
Parathyroid- back of thyroid (metabolism controler), hormone= parathormone,
Pancreas- Islet of langerhans, Hormone= Insulin, Stimulates glucose to go to cells, hormone= glucagon and changes glycogen to glucose.
Thyroid gland- Located in the neck, releases thyroxine and regulates metabolism by producing thyroxine which controls the metabolic rate of cells and calcitonin for calcium levels.
__________________________________________________________________________
Lymphatic system
- carries tissue fluid throughout body to fight infections and diseases
-Transport fatty acid from intestines to the circulatory system
-Filters and cleans the lymph of any debris, abnormal cells, or pathogens.
-Plays an active role in defending the body from pathogens, Protects us against infectious pathogenic viruses, bacteria, and fungi as well as parasitic animals and protists and attacks those that manage to enter
-Leukocytes – White Blood cells Fight infection and are formed in the bone marrow Five types – neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, and monocytes.
The Gastrointestinal Immune (GI) System
Gut-associated lymphoid tissue or GALT
Challenge to the digestive tract’s immune system:
Correctly tell the difference between
what is bad (such as viruses and bad bacteria)
and what is good (such as nutrients and good bacteria)
Peyer's Patches: These are lymphoid follicles similar in many ways to lymph nodes located in the mucosa and extending into the submucosa of the small intestine especially the ileum.
anatomy of stomach,functions of stomach, location, shape position and parts of stomach,orifices of stomach, curvature of stomach, relations of stomach, blood supply, innervation, lymphatic drainage, clinical relation , GERD, peptic ulcer,
This is an easy ppt of stomach anatomy .One can make notes from this too. If you like this ppt like and follow .
Tell me in comment section if any suggestions or query.
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2. STATION 11: The Stomach
Curves of the Stomach:
Lessor curvature (superior) and greater curvature (inferior)
Varies between 6-10 inches; an empty stomach contains about 50mL
and a full one can hold about 4L of food.
Anatomical Regions of the Stomach
1. Cardia – surrounds the opening of the stomach
2. Fundus – rounded portion above and to the left of
the cardia
3. Body – large central portion of the stomach
4. Pyloric Canal – leads to the small intestine
3. STATION 11: The Stomach
The stomach is essentially a storage
tank for ingested food; it is a
muscular sac that MECHANICALLY
churns food and propels it toward
the small intestine.
The mucosa layer of the stomach is
highly folding into rugae and
contains several specialized gastric
gland cells that secrete juices for
CHEMICAL digestion.
The only absorption that
occurs in the stomach is of
alcohol, caffeine, and aspirin
(these are absorbed by the
stomach lining directly into
the blood)…YIKES!
