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1. Cruz, Jasmin E.
II – 3 BSE English

2. Spice up your brain,

3. TO MARRY OR NOT TO MARRY
He has married many women,
but has never been married. Who
is he?
JOHN LENNON
Imagine you are in a dark
room. How do you get out?

4. ONE-WAY STREET
A girl who was just learning to
drive went down a one-way street in
the wrong direction, but didn't
break the law.
How come?
TWINS
Two girls were born to the same
mother, on the same day, at the
same time, in the same month and
year and yet they're not twins.
How can this be?

5. Answers
TO MARRY OR NOT TO MARRY
A preacher.
JOHN LENNON
Stop imagining.
ONE-WAY STREET
She was walking.
TWINS
The two babies are two of a set of
triplets.

6. Carroll Izard – Differential Emotions Theory
Izard suggests that infants
are born with an innate
repertoire of emotional
expressions, reflecting
basic emotional states.

7. Stranger Anxiety
-The caution and
wariness displayed by
infants when
encountering an
unfamiliar person.
-Sometimes appears
in the second half of
the first year.

8. Increased cognitive abilities of
infants, allowing them to
separate the people they know
from the people they do not.

9. Separation Anxiety
-The distress
displayed by infants
when a customary
care provider departs.
- Usually starts at
about 7 or 8 months,
peaks around at 14
months and then
decreases.

10. Social Referencing
-Intentional search for information about
others’ feelings to help explain the meaning
of uncertain circumstances and events.
-Tends to occur around 8 or 9 months of age.
- Infants make particular use of facial
expressions in their social referencing.

11. Social Smile
By 6-9 weeks it is clear that babies
begin to smile reliably at the sight of
stimuli that please them.
The first smiles tend
to be relatively
indiscriminate.

12. Self-Awareness
-Knowledge of oneself.
- Mirror-and-rouge test.

13. Attachment
-Positive emotional bond that develops
between a child and a particular, special
individual.
- The most important form of social
development that takes place during
infancy.
-Safety and Security

14. According to Bowlby’s view, having
strong, firm attachment provides a
kind of home base away from
which growing children can
progressively roam as they become
more independent.

15. Ainsworth Strange Situation
-Mary Ainsworth
- Using Bowlby’s theorizing as a
base, she developed a widely
used technique to measure
attachment.

16. Ainsworth Strange Situation
1. The mother and baby enter an unfamiliar
room.
2. The mother sits down, leaving the baby
free to explore.
3. An adult stranger enters the room and
converses first with the mother and then with
the baby.
4. The mother exits the room, leaving
the baby alone with the stranger.

17. Ainsworth Strange Situation
5. The mother returns, greeting and
comforting the baby, and the stranger
leaves.
6. The mother departs again, leaving the
baby alone.
7. The stranger returns.
8. The mother returns and the stranger
leaves.

18. Securely attached children
- children who use the mother as a kind of
home base and are at ease when she is present;
when she leaves they may or may not become
upset, but they go to her as soon as she
returns.
Avoidant children
– children who do not seek proximity to the
mother; after the mother has left they seem
to avoid her when she returns as if they are
indifferent to her behavior.

19. Ambivalent children
-children who display a combination of positive and
negative reaction to their mothers;
-they show great distress when the mother leaves,
but upon her return they may simultaneously seek
close contact but also hit and kick her.
Disorganized-disoriented children
-Children who show inconsistent, often contradictory
behavior, such as approaching the mother when she
returns but not looking at her
-they may be the least securely attaches children of
all.

20. Classifications of Infant Attachment

21. Mothers and Attachment
-Sensitivity to their infants’ needs and
desires is the hallmark of mothers of
securely attached infants.
- Ainsworth suggests
that mothers of
securely attached
infants respond rapidly
and positively to their infants.

22. Fathers and Attachment
- You’d find little mention of the father and
his potential contributions to the life.
Two Reasons:
-Bowlby suggested that
there was something
unique about the mother-child
relationship.
-Traditional social views of the time.

23. Are there differences in
attachment to mothers and
fathers?

24. The nature of attachment between infants
and mothers, on the one hand, and infants
and fathers, on the other hand, is not
identical.
differences in what
fathers and mothers do
with their children.

25. Infant’s level of
sociability generally
rises with age.
As infants age,
they begin to
imitate each other.

26. Erikson’s theory of
psychosocial development
considers how individuals
come to understand
themselves and the meaning
of others’ – and their own
– behavior.

27. •Trust-versus-mistrust stage
The period during which infants develop a sense of
trust or mistrust, largely depending on how well their
needs are met by their caregivers.
•Autonomy-versus-shame-and-doubt
stage
The period during which, according to Erikson,
toddlers develop independence and autonomy if they
are allowed the freedom to explore, or shame and
self-doubt if they are restricted and overprotected.

28. Temperament
Patterns of arousal and emotionality that
represent consistent and enduring
characteristics in an individual.
How children behave, as opposed to what
they do or why they do it.

29. Temperament is reflected in several
dimensions of behavior
DIMENSIONS OF TEMPERAMENT
Activity Level
- Proportion of active time periods
Approach-withdrawal
- The response to a new person or object, based on
whether the child accepts the new situation or
withdraws from it.
Adaptability
- How easily the child is able to adapt to changes in his
or her environment
Quality of mood
- The contrast of the amount of friendly, joyful, and
pleasant behavior with unpleasant, unfriendly behavior.

30. Attention span and persistence
- The amount of time the child devotes to an activity
and the effect of distraction on that activity.
Distractibility
- The degree to which stimuli in the environment
alter behavior.
Rhythmicity (regularity)
-The regularity of basic functions such as hunger,
excretion, sleep and wakefulness.
Intensity of reaction
- The energy level or reaction of the child’s response.
Threshold of responsiveness
- The intensity of stimulation needed to elicit a
response.

31. Stella Chess Alexander Thomas

32. Categories of Temperament
Easy Babies
-positive disposition
-their body functions operate regularly,
-they are adaptable.
Difficult Babies
-negative moods
-slow to adapt to new situations,
-when confronted with a new situation, they tend to withdraw.
Slow-to-warm Babies
- inactive,
- showing relatively calm reactions to their environment
-moods are generally negative
- they withdraw from new situations, adapting slowly.

33. Moral development refers to changes in
moral beliefs as a person grows older and
gains maturity.
Morality is a system of beliefs about
what is right and good compared to what
is wrong or bad.

34. Lawrence Kohlberg focused
on the development of
moral judgments in children
rather than on their actions.
He divided his stages of moral
understanding into three levels,
each with two stages
(total of six stages).

35. Ko

36. Infants fall into the preconventional
level of moral development according to
the theories of Lawrence Kohlberg.
This involves two orientations:
punishment and pleasure seeking.
Infants respond to their environment
primarily to seek pleasure and meet
their needs.

39. Sources:
•Child Development, Robert Feldman, 2001
•http://www.livestrong.com/article/18059
8-moral-social-development-in-infants/
•https://www.boundless.com/psychology/hu
man-development/infancy-and-
childhood/moral-development-in-
childhood/
•http://brainden.com/logic-riddles.ht
•https://www.google.com.ph/imghp?hl=fil&
tab=wi&ei=PPLAU82fB4OtlAXz-
4DYBg&ved=0CAQQqi4oAg