Logical Framework Analysis is a tool used to improve project design and implementation. It helps project planners understand the needs of those affected by a problem and identify potential positive and negative impacts. It also encourages participation from stakeholders with relevant knowledge. The analysis identifies rights, interests, resources, and abilities to determine who should be involved in project planning and implementation. It examines problems, their causes and effects to construct a problem tree diagram and helps set objectives to address the core problems.

1. Problem Tree Analysis
Logical Frame Work

2. Logical Framework Analysis helps to
Improve the project’s understanding of the needs of those affected by
a problem
Reveal how little we know as outsiders, which
encourages those who do know to participate
Identify potential winners and losers as a result of theIdentify potential winners and losers as a result of the
project
Reduce, or hopefully remove,
potential negative project
impacts

3. Logical Framework Analysis helps to
Identify those who have the rights, interests,
resources, skills & abilities to take part
Influence the course of the project
Identify who should be encouraged to take part in the
project planning and implementationproject planning and implementation
Identify and reduce risks
which might involve identifying
possible conflicts of
interestinterestinterestinterest and expectationexpectationexpectationexpectation.

4. What is a problem?What is a problem?What is a problem?What is a problem?
An undesired situation
The difference between what exists and
what should bewhat should be
The difference between
reality and
expectation

5. Problems are
Varying in terms of
level (local, regional, national, global, etc)
MultifacetedMultifaceted
Different to
different
people

6. Activities Outputs Outcomes
Logical Framework Model
Courtesy: W.G. Kellogg Foundation

7. Example of a Logical Frame
Inadequate
Baby feeding
High level of baby
deaths
Infectious diseases
Inadequate
vaccination
Epidemic
diseases
No clean
drinking water
Limited access
to health
Ignorance of
mothers on
nutrition
vaccination drinking water
Inadequate
infrastructure
Inadequate
health clinics
services
No purification
system in the tire
factory
Faulty sewage
system
Low income
level
UnemploymentLow level
education

8. Problem TreeProblem TreeProblem TreeProblem Tree
AnalysisAnalysisAnalysisAnalysis
Analyzing the cause/effect relationships between problems
KeyKeyKeyKey
EFFECTSEFFECTSEFFECTSEFFECTS
CAUSESCAUSESCAUSESCAUSES
KeyKeyKeyKey
PROBLEMSPROBLEMSPROBLEMSPROBLEMS

9. Problem tree analysis should be…Problem tree analysis should be…Problem tree analysis should be…Problem tree analysis should be…
A learning process
An opportunity for different views and interests to be
presented and discussed
Undertaken as a group activity involving people who can
contribute relevant technical and local knowledgecontribute relevant technical and local knowledge
Simpleand practical – if it
becomes too complicated, its usefulness in
the rest of the design process is limited.

10. DON’TsDON’TsDON’TsDON’Ts in Problem Tree Analysis
Don’t assume knowledge of problems
Don’t assume knowledge of causal relationships
Don’t manipulate; facilitate the identification ofDon’t manipulate; facilitate the identification of
the KEY problems.

11. Problem Tree Analysis stepsProblem Tree Analysis stepsProblem Tree Analysis stepsProblem Tree Analysis steps
Determine the scope of the analysis
Identify people/stakeholders
List the problems
Identify the CORE problem
Identify CAUSES and EFFECTS
Arrange the causes at the ROOTS of the treeArrange the causes at the ROOTS of the tree
Arrange the effects on the
BRANCHES
V{xv~ à{x ÄÉz|v tá à{x ÑÜÉuÄxÅ àÜxx |á vÉÇáàÜâvàxw

12. Example of a Problem Tree
low agricultural output

13. Objective AnalysisObjective AnalysisObjective AnalysisObjective Analysis
An Objective Tree is similar
to a problem tree, except
that it looks at
objectives
rather thanrather than
problems.

14. ProblemProblem Objective
High rate ofHigh rate of
child deathschild deaths of child deathsof child deaths
To reduce the rateTo reduce the rate
of child deathsof child deaths
Negative to Positive
High rate ofHigh rate of
infectious diseasedinfectious diseased
To reduce the rate ofTo reduce the rate of
infectious diseasesinfectious diseases

15. Issues to consider areIssues to consider areIssues to consider areIssues to consider are
Benefits to primary stakeholders
Likelihood of achieving the objectives
Whether the problem is already being addressed
CostCost
Risks
Sustainability
Environmental impact

16. lÉâÜ eÉÄx
Think
Talk and Discuss
Act on what you hear
Be burdened
If you can’t, at least TRYIf you can’t, at least TRYIf you can’t, at least TRYIf you can’t, at least TRYIf you can’t, at least TRYIf you can’t, at least TRYIf you can’t, at least TRYIf you can’t, at least TRY
to make ato make ato make ato make a
difference!!difference!!difference!!difference!!

17. “Our death is notnotnotnot an
endendendend, if we can live on in
our children.
For they are us, our
bodies are only wiltedbodies are only wilted
leaves on the
tree of lifetree of lifetree of lifetree of life.”
TÄuxÜà X|Çáàx|Ç