The document outlines the stages of child development from infancy to adolescence, detailing physical, cognitive, emotional, and social growth. It emphasizes the refinement of motor skills, the development of critical thinking, emotional management, and social interactions at different age stages. Each stage—from birth to 18 years—highlights key developmental milestones essential for understanding childhood growth.

1. T Y P I C A L A N D
AT Y P I C A L
D E V E L O P M E N T
A M O N G C H I L D R E N
P RE SE N T E RS :
B A D I A N G O, S H A I N A M AY
DA D O R , C H E L S E A
I N S U M A J E O M A R
M AG N AT E , S U N N Y B O Y
M O R A L E S , C H E R I E S A N N

2. STAGES IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT
Infancy (birth – 2 years old)
Early Childhood ( 2 – 6 years)
Middle Childhood ( 6- 12 years)
Adolescence (12 – 18 years)
1
2
3
4

3. INFANCY (BIRTH – 2 YEARS OLD)
• Physical development: This includes the development of motor skills like crawling,
standing, and walking.
• Cognitive development: Infants start to develop basic cognitive functions such as
recognizing faces, understanding object permanence, and exploring their
environment.
• Emotional development: Infants begin to form attachments and express basic
emotions like joy, anger, and distress.
• Social development: Babies start to develop social bonds with their caregivers and
show preferences for familiar faces.

4. EARLY CHILDHOOD ( 2 – 6 YEARS)
• Physical development: Children continue to refine their motor skills and develop
more control over their movements.
• Cognitive development: They begin to engage in pretend play, language
development accelerates, and they start to understand basic concepts like numbers
and shapes.
• Emotional development: Children learn to identify and manage their emotions more
effectively, often through social interactions and guidance.
• Social development: They learn to interact with peers, share, take turns, and
develop early social skills such as empathy and cooperation.

5. MIDDLE CHILDHOOD ( 6- 12 YEARS)
• Physical development: They can dress, eat, and wash mostly independently, and
may start to develop interests in sports and other physical activities.
• Cognitive development: They develop more advanced thinking abilities, critical
reasoning, and problem-solving skills. Academic learning becomes more structured
and complex.
• Emotional development: Children begin to develop a stronger sense of self and self-
esteem.
• Social development: They establish more complex relationships with peers, learn to
navigate social hierarchies, and develop a better understanding of social rules and
expectations.

6. ADOLESCENCE (12 – 18 YEARS)
• Physical development: Adolescents undergo significant physical changes as they
enter puberty, including hormonal changes, and developing body hair.
• Cognitive development: They start to think more abstractly and critically, develop
their own values and beliefs, and begin planning.
• Emotional development: Adolescents experience intense emotional changes and
strive for independence, often leading to identity formation and exploration of
relationships.
• Social development: They establish more mature and complex relationships, develop
a stronger sense of identity, and seek to establish their place within peer groups and
society at large.