Pemberton's Osteotomy for Acetabular DysplasiaLibin Thomas
This is a slideshow based on the journal- JBJS- ESSENTIAL SURGICAL TECHNIQUES, INDIAN EDITION, OCTOBER 2015, VOL.4, NO. 3, SPECIAL EDITION by Shier- Chieg, Huang, MD, PhD, Ting- Ming Wang, MD, PhD, Kuan- Wen Wu, MD, Ken N. Kuo, MD
Pemberton's Osteotomy for Acetabular DysplasiaLibin Thomas
This is a slideshow based on the journal- JBJS- ESSENTIAL SURGICAL TECHNIQUES, INDIAN EDITION, OCTOBER 2015, VOL.4, NO. 3, SPECIAL EDITION by Shier- Chieg, Huang, MD, PhD, Ting- Ming Wang, MD, PhD, Kuan- Wen Wu, MD, Ken N. Kuo, MD
Bilateral simultaneous avulsion fractures of the anterior tibial tubercle (ATT) are extremely rare. Since the first description in 1954, 15 similar cases have been reported. We report a further case in a 16-year-old boy who sustained bilateral simultaneous tibial tubercle avulsion fractures (Watson-Jones Type III) from jumping during a gymnastics session. The right knee presented an associated partial avulsion of the patellar tendon. Both knees were treated successfully by open reduction and internal fixation with two cannulated screws. The recovery of the patient was complete; the screws were removed six months later. After one year follow-up, the patient had no complaint and had resumed his sporting activity.
Sochima Johnmark Obiekwe presentation on SpondylolisthesisObiekwe Sochi
The PowerPoint presentation on Physiotherapy Management of Spondylolisthesis has been successfully completed. This informative session explored the crucial role of physiotherapy in effectively managing spondylolisthesis, restoring spinal stability, and optimizing functional outcomes for patients.
The presentation covered various aspects of spondylolisthesis, including its definition, classification, common causes, and risk factors. Attendees gained insights into the clinical manifestations of the condition and the resulting limitations in daily activities.
The role of physiotherapy in the comprehensive management of spondylolisthesis was emphasized, highlighting the importance of collaboration between physiotherapists and healthcare professionals. The presentation discussed the comprehensive assessment techniques employed by physiotherapists to evaluate patients accurately.
Attendees learned about the goals of physiotherapy interventions, which included reducing pain and inflammation, restoring spinal stability, improving mobility and flexibility, and enhancing overall function. Evidence-based physiotherapy interventions such as therapeutic exercises, manual therapy techniques, postural education, and ergonomic modifications were showcased, providing practical knowledge for managing spondylolisthesis.
Overall, the completed PowerPoint presentation provided a comprehensive understanding of the vital role physiotherapy plays in the management of spondylolisthesis. Attendees were equipped with practical knowledge and evidence-based strategies to effectively restore stability, alleviate pain, and optimize functional outcomes for patients with this condition.
The completed PowerPoint presentation on Physiotherapy Management of Spondylolisthesis has successfully highlighted the power of physiotherapy in transforming the lives of individuals with spondylolisthesis.
Often the tools in the developing countries are not supported. Here I have framed an assessment tool for the sitting chair and standing frame for the children with special needs. Comments and suggestions are welcome at physionalin1@indiatimes.com
Bilateral simultaneous avulsion fractures of the anterior tibial tubercle (ATT) are extremely rare. Since the first description in 1954, 15 similar cases have been reported. We report a further case in a 16-year-old boy who sustained bilateral simultaneous tibial tubercle avulsion fractures (Watson-Jones Type III) from jumping during a gymnastics session. The right knee presented an associated partial avulsion of the patellar tendon. Both knees were treated successfully by open reduction and internal fixation with two cannulated screws. The recovery of the patient was complete; the screws were removed six months later. After one year follow-up, the patient had no complaint and had resumed his sporting activity.
Sochima Johnmark Obiekwe presentation on SpondylolisthesisObiekwe Sochi
The PowerPoint presentation on Physiotherapy Management of Spondylolisthesis has been successfully completed. This informative session explored the crucial role of physiotherapy in effectively managing spondylolisthesis, restoring spinal stability, and optimizing functional outcomes for patients.
The presentation covered various aspects of spondylolisthesis, including its definition, classification, common causes, and risk factors. Attendees gained insights into the clinical manifestations of the condition and the resulting limitations in daily activities.
The role of physiotherapy in the comprehensive management of spondylolisthesis was emphasized, highlighting the importance of collaboration between physiotherapists and healthcare professionals. The presentation discussed the comprehensive assessment techniques employed by physiotherapists to evaluate patients accurately.
Attendees learned about the goals of physiotherapy interventions, which included reducing pain and inflammation, restoring spinal stability, improving mobility and flexibility, and enhancing overall function. Evidence-based physiotherapy interventions such as therapeutic exercises, manual therapy techniques, postural education, and ergonomic modifications were showcased, providing practical knowledge for managing spondylolisthesis.
Overall, the completed PowerPoint presentation provided a comprehensive understanding of the vital role physiotherapy plays in the management of spondylolisthesis. Attendees were equipped with practical knowledge and evidence-based strategies to effectively restore stability, alleviate pain, and optimize functional outcomes for patients with this condition.
The completed PowerPoint presentation on Physiotherapy Management of Spondylolisthesis has successfully highlighted the power of physiotherapy in transforming the lives of individuals with spondylolisthesis.
Often the tools in the developing countries are not supported. Here I have framed an assessment tool for the sitting chair and standing frame for the children with special needs. Comments and suggestions are welcome at physionalin1@indiatimes.com
11. 常見骨鬆骨折部位與發生率
Wasnich RD: Primer on the Metabolic Bone Diseases
and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism. 4th edition, 1999
50 以上婦女之骨折發生率歲
50 60 70 80
脊椎骨
手腕
40
30
20
10
年齡
千人每年
發生率
股骨
以脊椎骨折發生率最高
45. Vitamin D
TNF-α
IL-1 PTHrP
IL-11
PTH
Glucocorticoids
PGE2
IL-6
OPG: osteoprotegerin
Boyle WJ, et al. Nature 2003;423:337-342. Kostenuik PJ, et al. Curr Pharm Des 2001;7:613-635.
RANK Ligand
RANK
OPG
Oestrogen
Oestrogen
limits the
expression
of RANK
Ligand
Differentiated
Osteoclast
Osteoblasts
OPG binds to
RANK Ligand
OPG
骨頭生長的動態平衡
OPG is the Natural Endogenous Inhibitor of RANK Ligand
RANK Ligand Is an Essential Mediator of Osteoclast Formation, Function, and Survival
Osteoblasts
Osteoclast
precursors
RANK
RANK
RANK Ligand
Activated Osteoclast
Bone Resorption and Formation are
Balanced in Premenopausal Women
RANKL: Receptor Activator for Nuclear Factor κ B Ligand
OPG: Osteoprotegerin
49. Prolia 可降低各部位骨折風險
1. Cummings SR et al. N Engl J Med 2009;361:756–765.
*All non-vertebral fractures. However, fractures of the skull, face, mandible, metacarpals, fingers, or toes
were excluded because they are not associated with decreased bone mineral density. Pathological
fractures and those associated with severe trauma were also excluded.
根據 FREEDOM 研究 , 類保骨素骨鬆針可明顯降低可降低脊椎骨折風險 68%,
骨骨折風險降低達髖 40%, 非脊椎骨折也減少了 20% 。
安慰劑 類保骨素骨鬆針
50. Prolia 骨密度增加效果優於 Alendronate
50
Brown JP et al. J Bone Miner Res. 2009;24:153–161.
Prolia®
: superior BMD increases vs. alendronate (DECIDE)
*Relative computation from absolute increase in BMD.
52. Prolia 八年來持續提升骨密度
LS means and 95% confidence intervals. n = number of subjects with values at baseline and the time point of interest.
*P < 0.05 vs FREEDOM baseline; †
P < 0.0001 vs FREEDOM baseline and extension baseline.
‡
Represents subjects from the FREEDOM DXA substudy.
1 2 3 4 50 6
†
18.4%
†
†
*
*
*
*
*
*
†
†
† 13.7%
7 8
–2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
20
18
Lumbar Spine
–2
0
2
4
6
8
10
Total Hip
PercentageChangeFromBaseline
Study Year Study Year
FREEDOM EXTENSION FREEDOM EXTENSION
1962 1457
2086 1567
118‡
139‡
120‡
140‡
2022
2149
1997
2124
2006
2132
1895
2017
2005
2111
1488
1589
119‡
139‡
122‡
140‡
120‡
140‡
122‡
141‡
2029
2148
1924
2041
*
*
*
1 2 3 4 50 6
*
*
*
*
*
8.3%†
†
†
†
†
†
4.9%
7 8
†
†
†
†
1463
1551
1423
1518
Long-term Denosumab Cross-over DenosumabPlacebo
53. 1. Kendler DL. Osteoporos Int 2010;21:837–846.
根據研究結果顯示, 77% 的病患偏好 6 個月皮下注射的方式勝過口
服用藥 . 類保骨素藥物不影響腎功能 , 腎功能不佳的患者也可以使用
,無需調整用藥
Among patients reporting a preference: n = 1,322. 65% of the Prolia® group and 64% of the alendronate group stated they preferred the
6-monthly injection, giving an average of 64% patients who preferred the 6-monthly injection. 19% of patients in both groups preferred the once-weekly tablet,
meaning that overall 83% of patients expressed a preference. Therefore, of patients who expressed a preference, 77%
(64/83) preferred the 6-monthly injection.
半年皮下注射每半年皮下注射每
周一次口服藥每
物
周一次口服藥每
物
半年皮下注射簡易方便,病患偏好
This slide illustrates both the anatomy of a normal spine versus a spine with a fractured vertebra, as well as its clinical impact on a woman. To the left is a photograph of a woman age 66, and to the right is a photograph of the same woman only 9 years later, after suffering vertebral fractures.
The clinical impact of vertebral fractures occurs with the collapse of one or more vertebra as a result of minimal trauma. Recurrent (multiple) vertebral fractures can cause spinal deformity (thoracic kyphosis or dowager’s hump), shortened stature, and disability.
Key Point
In premenopausal women bone remodelling is balanced.
Oestrogen limits RANKL expression and stimulates OPG production1.
OPG acts as a decoy receptor for RANK ligand and prevents its interaction with RANK, thereby inhibiting osteoclast formation, function and survival.2
Supplementary Information
Expression of RANK ligand and OPG are coordinated to regulate bone resorption and density positively and negatively by controlling the state of activation of RANK on osteoclasts
Many factors regulate bone resorption and the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway is the crucial mediator in their effect on bone metabolism.2
RANK Ligand must bind to its receptor, RANK, on precursor/mature osteoclasts to initiate their differentiation, activation and ultimately bone resorption.2
Remodelling is a coupled process; RANK Ligand expression by osteoblasts stimulates local bone resorption by osteoclasts, which in turn stimulates bone formation by adjacent osteoblasts.2,3
1. Hofbauer LC. Endocrinology 1999;140(9):4367-4370.
2. Boyle WJ, et al. Nature 2003;423:337-342.
3. Kostenuik PJ, et al. Curr Pharm Des 2001;7:613-635.
Key Point
The discovery of the RANK/RANK ligand/OPG pathway and its implications for the pathogenesis of osteoporosis provides a molecular target for new therapies to improve bone health.
Inhibition of RANK Ligand would be offer the advantage that it would mimic the endogenous pathway for inhibiting the formation, function and survival of osteoclasts.
Supplementary Information
RANK Ligand is an essential mediator in the formation, activation, and survival of osteoclasts.1
OPG sequesters free RANK Ligand thus preventing its binding to the RANK receptor.1
A suitable therapy for osteoporosis would:
Mimic the activity and binding specificity of OPG for RANK Ligand.
Be recognised by the body as ‘self’.
Not be regulated by the normal bone homeostasis pathways.
1. Boyle WJ, et al. Nature 2003;423:337-342.
Prolia 對於骨鬆骨折常發生的脊椎, 髖骨, 甚至非脊椎都有顯著的療效, FREEDOM 7800多位的大型試驗結果顯示, Prolia 可降低脊椎骨折風險68%, 髖骨骨折風險降低達40%, 非脊椎骨折也減少了20%. Prolia 可以全方位保護身體各部位骨骼, 降低骨鬆骨折的風險
FREEDOM: Prolia® reduced the risk of fracture throughout the skeleton
Prolia® significantly reduced the risk of fracture throughout the skeleton vs. placebo.1
Prolia® reduced the relative risk of new vertebral fracture by 68% (95% CI 0.26–0.41; P &lt; 0.001), hip fracture by 40% (95% CI 0.37–0.97; P = 0.04) and non-vertebral fracture by 20% (95% CI 0.67–0.95; P = 0.01).1
Reference
Cummings SR et al. N Engl J Med 2009;361:756–765.
在效用上. Head to head 臨床試驗結果證實, 使用Prolia 對病患骨密度的增進效果顯著優於alendronate, 在骨密常量測的各部位- 橈骨, total hip, 腰椎, 骨轉子, 與股骨頸都看到比alendronate 更好的效果
(時間考量, 不一定要講到每個部位增加的數據, 但要強調每個部位量測的結果都優於alendronate)
DECIDE: Prolia® delivered superior increases in BMD vs. alendronate
At 12 months, Prolia® treatment resulted in significantly greater increases in the percentage change from baseline in BMD (least squares mean) at all skeletal sites measured compared with alendronate.
At the total hip (primary endpoint), statistically significant increases in BMD were observed for the Prolia® group compared with those treated with alendronate (3.5% vs. 2.6%;
P &lt; 0.0001).1
Prolia® also significantly increased BMD from baseline compared with that of alendronate at the lumbar spine (5.3% vs. 4.2%; P &lt; 0.0001), distal 1/3 radius (1.1% vs. 0.6%;
P = 0.0001), trochanter (4.5% vs. 3.4%; P &lt; 0.0001) and femoral neck (2.4% vs. 1.8%;
P = 0.0001).1
Reference
1. Brown JP et al. J Bone Miner Res. 2009;24:153–161.
不同於口服或IV infusion, 6個月皮下注射是非常方便的給藥方式
在double-dummy 的研究結果顯示 , 77% 的病患偏好6個月皮下注射的方式勝過每週口服用藥.
顯示Prolia 會是病患接受度較好的骨鬆治療方式, 增進長期治療依從性
(附註: double-dummy 是兩組都注射也吃口服藥, 一組是Prolia + 口服安慰劑, 對照組是吃alendronate + 注射安慰劑)
A simple 6-monthly subcutaneous injection is preferred by patients as compared to weekly oral pills
In two head-to-head, double-dummy studies, 77% of patients reported a preference for a subcutaneous injection every 6 months compared with a once weekly oral pill.1
Reference
1. Kendler DL. Osteoporos Int 2010;21:837–846.