關節發炎和骨頭破壞均是導致殘障的重要因素
Severity (arbitraryunits)
0
Early RA Intermediate Late
5 10 15 20 25 30
Duration of Disease (years)
Adapted from Kirwan. J Rheumatol 1999;26:720–725
Inflammation
Disability
Bone destruction
The Immune Cascadein RA
RF
Autoantibodies
Activates Inflammation
Activates
Joint damage
Cytokines
MMPs
Prostaglandins
Nitric oxide
B
T
T
T T
FLS
PC
FLS
MΦ MΦ
Self-antigens
T T
APC/DC
FLS= Fibroblast-like synoviocyte
PC= Plasma Cell
36.
Multiple Approaches toTargeting RA
Pathology
MHC+
antigen
TCR
CD80/86
Activated
T cell
Co-stimulation
modulation
Activated
macrophage
Activated
B cell
CD28
RANK-L
IFN-γ
IL-2
TNF
IL-6 TNF IL-1 Autoantibodies, e.g. RF IL-6
RANK
Osteoclast Chondrocyte
MMPs
Inflammation and destruction
Cytokine inhibition
• Anti-TNF
• Anti-IL-1R
• Anti-IL-6R
APC
B-cell depletion
•Anti-CD20
Choy EHS, Panayi GS. N Engl J Med 2001;344:907-16
Rituximab selectively
targetsCD20-positive B cells
Murine-derived region
binds to the B cell-surface
CD20 antigen
Human-derived region
activates cellular
mechanisms to initiate
B cell depletion
(Rybak et al, 1992; Shaw et al, 2003; Silverman & Weisman, 2003)