Max Wong, profile picture
Uploaded byMax Wong
8,689 views

SPM PHYSICS FORM 4 heat

The document provides information about heat and thermal equilibrium: 1. Two objects are in thermal equilibrium when the net heat flow between them is zero, meaning their temperatures are the same and there is no longer a transfer of heat. 2. It explains how a liquid-in-glass thermometer works, with the liquid expanding uniformly based on temperature changes to indicate the temperature. 3. Specific heat capacity and latent heat are introduced, explaining how heat transfer causes temperature changes or phase changes in substances.

Embed presentation

Downloaded 963 times
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat CHAPTER 4: HEAT 4.1 : UNDERSTANDING THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM By the end of this subtopic, you will be able to  Explain thermal equilibrium Thermal equilibrium :Keseimbangan terma  Explain how a liquid-in glass thermometer works ………….. rate of energy transfer A B Equivalent to Equivalent to Hot Cold object object ………….. rate of energy transfer No net heat transfer 1. The net heat will flow from A to B until the temperature of A is the ( same, zero as the temperature of B. In this situation, the two bodies are said to have reached thermal equilibrium. 2. When thermal equilibrium is reached, the net rate of heat flow between the two bodies is (zero, equal) 3. There is no net flow of heat between two objects that are in thermal equilibrium. Two objects in thermal equilibrium have the ……………… temperature. 4. The liquid used in glass thermometer should …………………………………………………………………………….. (a) Be easily seen ………………………………………………………………………………. (b) Expand and contract rapidly over a wide range of temperature …………………………………………………………………………….. (c) Not stick to the glass wall of the capillary tube 5. List the characteristic of mercury …………………………………………………………………………………….. (a) Opaque liquid ……………………………………………………………………………………. (b) Does not stick to the glass ……………………………………………………………………………………. (c) Expands uniformly when heated ……………………………………………………………………………………. (d) Freezing point -390C ……………………………………………………………………………………. (e) Boiling point 3570C ……………………………………………………………………………………. 86
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat 6. ( Heat, Temperature ) is a form of energy. It flows from a hot body to a cold body. 7. The SI unit for ( heat , temperature) is Joule, J. 8. ( Heat , Temperature ) is the degree of hotness of a body 9. The SI unit for (heat , temperature) is Kelvin, K. 10. ……………………………..… Lower fixed point (l 0 )/ ice point : the temperature of pure melting ice/00C 11. …………………………………point: the temperature of steam from water that is boiling Upper fixed point( l 100)/steam under standard atmospheric pressure /1000C l θ - l0 Temperature, θ = x 1000C l100 - l0 l0 : length of mercury at ice point l100 : length of mercury at steam point lθ : length of mercury at θ point Exercise 4.1 Section A: Choose the best answer 1. The figure shows two metal blocks. A. It warms the surroundings Which the following statement is B. It warms the water of the tea false? C. It turns into heat energy and disappears. 3. Which of the following temperature corresponds to zero on the Kelvin scale? A. P and Q are in thermal contact A. 2730 C B. P and Q are in thermal equilibrium B. 00C C. Energy is transferred from P to Q C. -2730 C D. Energy is transferred from Q to P D. 1000 C 4. How can the sensitivity of a liquid- in 2. When does the energy go when a cup –glass thermometer be increased? of hot tea cools? 87
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat A. Using a liquid which is a better conductor of heat 6. When shaking hands with Anwar, B. Using a capillary tube with a Kent Hui niticed that Anwar’s hand narrower bore. was cold. However, Anwar felt that C. Using a longer capillary tube Kent Hui hand was warm. Why did D. Using a thinner-walked bulb Anwar and Kent Hui not feel the same sensation? 5. Which instrument is most suitable for A. Both hands in contact are in measuring a rapidly changing thermal equilibrium. temperature? B. Heat is flowing from Kent Hui’s A. Alcohol-in –glass thermometer hand to Anawr’s hand B. Thermocouple C. Heat is following from Anwar’s C. Mercury-in-glass thermometer hand to Kent Hui hand. D. Platinum resistance thermometer Section B: Answer all the questions by showing the calculation 1. The length of the mercury column at the ice point and steam point are 5.0 cm and 40.0cm respectively. When the thermometer is immersed in the liquid P, the length of the mercury column is 23.0 cm. What is the temperature of the liquid P? 2. The length of the mercury column at the steam point and ice point and are 65.0 cm and 5.0cm respectively. When the thermometer is immersed in the liquid Q, the length of the mercury column is 27.0 cm. What is the temperature of the liquid Q? Temperature, θ = lθ – l0 x 1000C l100 – l0 θ = 27 – 5 x 1000C 65 - 5 θ = 36.670C 88
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat 3. The distance between 00C and 1000C is 28.0 cm. When the thermometer is put into a beaker of water, the length of mercury column is 24.5cm above the lower fixed point. What is the temperature of the water? 4. The distance between 00C and 1000C is 25 cm. When the thermometer is put into a beaker of water, the length of mercury column is 16cm above the lower fixed point. What is the temperature of the water? What is the length of mercury column from the bulb at temperatures i) 300C 2
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat SECTION C: Structured Questions 1. Luqman uses an aluminium can, a drinking straw and some plasticine to make a simple thermometer as shown in figure below. He pours a liquid with linear expansion into the can. (a) Suggest a kind of liquid that expands linearly. (1m) ……………………………………………………………………………………………. (b) He chooses two fixed points of Celsius scale to calibrate his thermometer. State them (2m) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… (c) If the measurement length of the liquid inside the straw at the temperature of the lower fixed point and the upper fixed point are 5cm and 16 cm respectively, find the length of the liquid at 82.50C. (d) Why should he use a drinking straw of small diameter? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… (e) What kind of action should he take if he wants to increase the sensitivity of his thermometer? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 3
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat 2. What do you mean by heat and temperature? …………………………………………………………………………………………….... ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… : UNDERSTANDING SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY By the end of this subtopic, you will be able to  Define specific heat capacity Heat capacity  State that c = Q/MCθ Muatan haba  Determine the specific heat capacity of a liquid Specific heat capacity Muatan haba tentu  Determine the specific heat capacity of a solid  Describe applications of specific heat capacity  Solve problems involving specific heat capacity 1. The ……………….. of a body is the …………………….. that must be supplied to the body to increase its temperature by 10C. 2. The heat capacity of an object depends on the (a) ………………………………………………………………………………………. (b) ………………………………………………………………………………………. (c) ……………………………………………………………………………………… 3. The ………………………of a substance is the amount of heat that must be supplied to increase the temperature by 1 0C for a mass of 1 kg of the substance. Unit Jkg-1 K-1 Q__ Specific heat capacity , c = m∆θ 4. The heat energy absorbed or given out by an object is given by Q = mc∆O. 5. High specific heat capacity absorb a large amount of heat with only a ……………temperature increase such as plastics. 4
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat 6. Conversion of energy Heater …………energy Electrical energy Heat energy Power = P Pt = mcθ Object falls from …………..energy Heat energy A high position mgh= mcθ Moving object stopped …………..energy Heat energy due to friction ½ mv2= mcθ Power = P 7. Applications of Specific Heat Capacity ………. ……………. increase in increase in temperature temperature Small value of c Two object of Big value of c equal mass Equal rate of heat supplied Explain the meaning of above application of specific heat capacity: (a) Water as a coolant in a car engine (i) .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... 5
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat (b) Household apparatus and utensils ………………………………………………………………………………………... ………………………………………………………………………………………... ………………………………………………………………………………………... ………………………………………………………………………………………... (c) Sea breeze ……………………………………………… ……………………………………………… ……………………………………………… ……………………………………………… ……………………………………………… ……………………………………………… ……………………………………………… (d) Land breeze ……………………………………………… ……………………………………………… ……………………………………………… ……………………………………………… ……………………………………………… ……………………………………………… 6
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat Exercise 4.2 SECTION A : Choose the best answer 1. The change in the temperature of an 3. Heat energy is supplied at the same rate object does not depend on to 250g of water and 250g of ethanol. A. the mass of the object The temperature of the ethanol rises B. the type of substance the object is faster. This is because the ethanol.. made of A. is denser than water C. the shape of the object B. is less dense than water D. the quantity of heat received C. has a larger specific heat capacity than water D. has a smaller specific heat capacity than water 2. Which of the following defines the specific heat capacity of a substance 4. In the experiment to determine the correctly? specific heat capacity of a metal block, A. The amount of heat energy required some oil is poured into the hole to raise the temperature of 1kg of the containing thermometer. Why is this substance done? B. The amount of heat energy required A. To ensure a better conduction of heat to raise 1kg of the substance by 10C. B. To reduce the consumption of C. The amount of heat energy required electrical energy to change 1kg of the substance from C. To ensure the thermometer is in an the solid state to the liquid state. upright position. D. To reduce the friction between the thermometer and the wall of the block. SECTION B: Answer all questions by showing the calculation 1. How much heat energy is required to raise the temperature of a 4kg iron bar from 320C to 520C? (Specific heat capacity of iron = 452 Jkg-1 0C-1). 7
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat 2. Calculate the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 0.8 kg of copper from 350C to 600C. (Specific heat capacity of copper = 400 J kg-1 C-1). 3. Calculate the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 2.5 kg of water from 320C to 820C. (Specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J kg-1 C-1). 4. 750g block of a aluminium at 1200C is cooled until 450C. Find the amount of heat is released. . (Specific heat capacity of aluminium = 900 J kg-1 C-1). 5. 0.2 kg of water at 700C is mixed with 0.6 kg of water at 300C. Assuming that no heat is lost, find the final temperature of the mixture. (Specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J kg-1 C-1) 87
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat SECTION C: Structured questions 1. In figure below, block A of mass 5kg at temperature 1000C is in contact with another block B of mass 2.25kg at temperature 200C. 5kg 2.25kg A B 1000C 200C Assume that there is no energy loss to the surroundings. (a) Find the final temperature of A and B if they are in thermal equilibrium. Given the specific heat capacity of A and B are 900 Jkg-1 C-1 and 400 Jkg-1 C-1 respectively. (b) Find the energy given by A during the process. (c) Suggest one method to reduce the energy loss to the surroundings. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 88
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat UNDERSTANDING SPECIFIC LATENT HEAT By the of this subtopic, you will be able to  State that transfer of heat during a change of phase does not cause a change in temperature  Define specific latent heat  State that l = Q/m  Determine the specific latent heat of fusion and specific latent heat of vaporisation  Solve problem involving specific latent heat. 1. Four main changes of phase. Gas Boiling Latent heat …………. Condensation Latent heat ………… Solidification Solid Latent heat ………… Liquid 2. The heat absorbed or the heat released at constant temperature during a change of phase is known as latent heat. Q= ml 3. Complete the diagrams below and summarized. (a) Melting ……………………………………… Temperature ……………………………………… ……………………………………… ……………………………………… ……………………………………… ……………………………………… ………………………………………. Time 89
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat (b) Boiling ……………………………………… Temperature ……………………………………… ……………………………………… ……………………………………… ……………………………………… ……………………………………… ………………………………………. Time (c) Solidification Temperature ……………………………………… ……………………………………… ……………………………………… ……………………………………… ……………………………………… ……………………………………… Time ………………………………………. (d) Condensation ……………………………………… Temperature ……………………………………… ……………………………………… ……………………………………… ……………………………………… ……………………………………… ………………………………………. Time 90
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat 4. …………………………………is the heat absorbed by a melting solid. The specific latent heat of fusion is the quantity of the heat needed to change 1kg of solid to a liquid at its melting point without any increase in ……………………….. The S.I unit of the specific latent heat of fusion is Jkg-1. ice water 5. …………………………………... is heat of vaporisation is heat absorbed during boiling. The specific latent heat of vaporisation is the quantity of heat needed to change 1kg of liquid into gas or vapour of its boiling point without any change in …………………….. The S.I unit is Jkg-1. gas water 91
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat 6. Explain the application of Specific Latent Heat above: : (d) Cooling of beverage ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… (e) Preservation of Food ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… (f) Steaming Food ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… (g) Killing of Germs and Bacteria ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 92
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat EXERCISE 4.3 Section A: 1. The graph in figure below shows how 3. It is possible to cook food much faster the temperature of some wax changes as with a pressure cooker as shown above. it cools from liquid to solid. Which Why is it easier to cook food using a section of the graph would the wax be a pressure cooker? mixture of solid and liquid? A. PQ A. More heat energy can be supplied to B. QR the pressure cooker C. RS B. Heat loss from the pressure cooker D. ST can be reduced. C. Boiling point of water in the pressure 2. Figure show a joulemeter used for cooker is raised measuring the electrical energy to melt D. Food absorbs more heat energy from some ice in an experiment. To find the the high pressure steam specific latent heat of fusion of ice, what must be measured? 4. Which of the following is not a characteristics of water that makes it widely used as a cooling agent? A. Water is readily available B. Water does not react with many other substance C. Water has a large specific heat capacity D. Water has a large density A. The time taken for the ice to melt B. The voltage of the electricity supply C. The mass of water produced by melting ice D. The temperature change of the ice. 93
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat 5. Figure below shows the experiment set A. determining the rate of melting of ice up to determine the specific latent heat B. ensuring that the ice does not melt of fusion of ice. A control of the too fast. experiment is set up as shown in Figure C. determining the average value of the (a) with the aim of specific latent heat of fusion of ice. D. determining the mass of ice that melts as a result of heat from the surroundings 6. Scalding of the skin by boiling water is less serious then by steam. This is because… A. the boiling point of water is less than the temperature of steam B. the heat of boiling water is quickly lost to the surroundings C. steam has a high specific latent heat. D. Steam has a high specific heat capacity. SECTION B: Answer the question by showing the calculation 1. 300g of ice at 00C melts. How much energy is required for this Question 2-7 are based on the following information  Specific heat capacity of water = 4 200 J kg-1 C-1  Specific heat capacity of ice = 2 100 J kg-1 C-1  Specific latent heat of fusion of ice = 3.34 X 105J kg-1  Specific latent heat of vaporization of water = 2.26 X 106 J kg-1 2. An immersion heater rated at 500 W is fitted into a large block of ice at 00C. How long does it take to melt 1.5kg of ice? 2
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat 3. 300 g of water at 400C is mixed with x g of water at 800C. The final temperature of the mixture is 700C. Find the value of x 4. Calculate the amount of heat released when 2 kg of ice at 00C is changed into water at 00C. 5. Calculate the amount of heat needed to convert 3 kg of ice at 00C to water at 300C. 6. Find the amount of heat needed to convert 0.5 kg of ice at —150C into steam at 1000C 7. Calculate the amount of heat needed to convert 100 g of ice at 00C into steam at 1000C. 8. The specific latent heat of vaporization of water is 2300 kJ kg-1. How much heat will be absorbed when 3.2 kg of water is boiled off at its boiling point. 2
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat UNDERSTANDING THE GAS LAW By the end of this subtopic; you will be able to :  Explain gas pressure, temperature and volume in terms of the behaviour of gas molecules.  Determine the relationship between (i) pressure and volume (ii) volume and temperature (iii) pressure and temperature  Explain absolute zero and the absolute/Kelvin scale of temperature  Solve problems involving pressure, temperature and volume of a fixed mass of gas 1. Complete the table below. Property of gas Explanation Volume,V  m3 Temperature,T  K (Kelvin) Pressure,P  Pa(Pascal) 2. The kinetic theory of gas is based on the following assumptions: ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ 3
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat 4.4.1 Boyle’s Law Pα1 V That is PV = constant Small volume Or P1V1 = P2V2 molecules hit wall more often, greater pressure Relationship between pressure and volume 1. Boyle’s law states that……………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………............................................................................ 2. Boyle’s law can be shown graphically as in Figure above P P 0 V 0 1/V (a) P inversely proportional to V (b) P directly proportional to 1/V 4
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat 3. The volume of an air bubble at the base of a sea of 50 m deep is 250cm 3. If the atmospheric pressure is 10m of water, find the volume of the air bubble when it reaches the surface of the sea. P2= 10m PI=50m + 10m V1=250cm3 4.4.2 Charles’s Law VαT that is V = constant T Higher temperature, Relationship between faster molecules, volume and temperature larger volume to keep the pressure constant Lower temperature 1. Charles’ law states ………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………………… ……… The temperature -2730C is the lowest possible temperature and is known as the absolute zero of temperature. 5
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat 2. Fill the table below. Temperature Celsius scale (0C) Kelvin Scale(K) Absolute zero Ice point Steam point Unknown point 3. Complete the diagram below. -273 100 θ/0C 4.4.3 Pressure’s Law PαT That is P = constant T Higher temperature molecules move faster, greater Relationship between pressure pressure and temperature 1. The pressure law states ……………………………………………………………….... ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat EXERSICE 4.4:Gas Law 1. A mixture of air and petrol vapour is injected into the cylinder of a car engine when the cylinder volume is 100 cm3. Its pressure is then 1.0 atm. The valve closes and the mixture is compressed to 20 cm3. Find the pressure now. 2. The volume of an air bubble at the base of a sea of 50 in deep is 200 cm3. If the atmospheric pressure is 10 in of water, find the volume of the air bubble when it reaches the surface of the sea. 3. The volume of an air bubble is 5 mm3 when it is at a depth of h in below the water surface. Given that its volume is 15 mm3 when it is at a depth of 2 in, find the value of h. (Atmospheric pressure = 10 m of water) 7
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat 4. An air bubble has a volume of V cm3 when it is released at a depth of 45m from the water surface. Find its volume (V) when it reaches the water surface. (Atmospheric pressure = 10 m of water) 5. A gas of volume 20m3 at 370C is heated until its temperature becomes 870C at constant pressure. What is the increase in volume? 6. The air pressure in a container at 330C is 1.4 X 1O5 N m2. The container is heated until the temperature is 550C. What is the final air pressure if the volume of the container is fixed? 7. The volume of a gas is 1 cm3 at 150C. The gas is heated at fixed pressure until the volume becomes triple the initial volume. Calculate the final temperature of the gas. 8
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat 8. An enclosed container contains a fixed mass of gas at 250C and at the atmospheric pressure. The container is heated and temperature of the gas increases to 980C. Find the new pressure of the gas if the volume of the container is constant.(Atmospheric pressure = 1.0 X 10 5N rn2) 9. The pressure of a gas decreases from 1.2 x 105 Pa to 9 x 105 Pa at 400C. If the volume of the gas is constant, find the initial temperature of the gas. 9
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat PART A: CHAPTER 4 1. A 5kg iron sphere of temperature 4. Water is generally used to put out 500C is put in contact with a 1kg fire. Which of the following copper sphere of temperature 273K explanation is not correct? and they are put inside an insulated A. Water has a high specific heat box. Which of the following capacity statements is correct when they reach B. Steam can cut off the supply of thermal equilibrium? oxygen D. A iron sphere will have a C. Water is easily available temperature of 273K D. Water can react with some E. The copper sphere will have a material temperature of 500C. F. Both the sphere have the same 5. Given that the heat capacity of a temperature. certain sample is 5000 J0C-1. Which G. The temperature of the iron of the following is correct? sphere will be lower than 500C A. The mass of this sample is 1kg. B. The energy needed to increase 2. In the process to transfer heat from the temperature of 1 kg of this one object to another object, which sample is 5000 J. of the following processes does not C. The energy needed to increase involve a transfer to material? the temperature of 0.5kg of this A. Convection sample is 2500J. B. Vaporisation D. The temperature of this sample C. Radiation will increase 10C when 5 000 J D. Evaporation energy is absorbed by this sample. 3. When we use a microwave oven to heat up some food in a lunch box, we 6. Which of the following statement is should open the lid slightly. Which correct? of the following explanations is A. The total mass of the object is correct? kept constant when fusion A. To allow microwave to go inside occurs. the lunch box B. The internal energy of the object B. To allow the water vapors to go is increased when condensation out, otherwise the box will occurs explode C. Energy is absorbed when C. To allow microwave to reflect condensation occurs. more times inside the lunch box D. Energy is absorbed when D. To allow microwave to penetrate vaporization occurs. deeper into the lunch box. 10
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat 7. Water molecules change their states B. the number of gas molecules between the liquid and gaseous states increases A. only when water vapour is C. the average distance between the saturated gas molecules increases B. at all times because evaporation D. the rate of collision between the and condensation occur any time gas molecules and the walls C. only when the vapour molecules increases produce a pressure as the same as the atmospheric pressure 10. A plastic bag is filled with air. It is D. only when the water is boiling immersed in the boiling water as shown in diagram below. 8. Based on the kinetic theory of gas which one of the following does not explain the behaviour of gas molecules in a container? A. Gas molecules move randomly B. Gas molecules collide elastically Which of the following statements is with the walls of the container false? C. Gas molecules move faster as A. The volume of the plastic bag temperature increases increases. D. Gas molecules collide B. The pressure of air molecules inelastically with each other increases C. The air molecules in the bag 9. A cylinder which contains gas is move faster compressed at constant temperature D. The repulsive force of boiling of the gas increase because water slows down the movement A. the average speed of gas of air molecule molecules increases 2
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat PART B; 1. A research student wishes to carry out an investigation on the temperature change of the substance in the temperature range -500C to 500C. The instrument used to measure the temperature is a liquid in glass thermometer. Thermometer A B C D Liquid Mercury Mercury Alcohol Alcohol Freezing point of liquid (0C) -39 -39 -112 -112 Boiling point of liquid (0C) 360 360 360 360 Diameter of capillary tube Large Small Large Small Cross section Table 1 (a) (i) State the principle used in a liquid- in –glass thermometer.(1m) ........................................................................................................................................ (ii) Briefly explain the principle stated in (a)(i) (3m) …………………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………………. (b) Table 1 shows the characteristic of 4 types of thermometer: A,B C and D. On the basis of the information given in Table 1, explain the characteristics of, and suggest a suitable thermometer for the experiment.(5 m) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat (c) The length of the mercury column in uncalibrated thermometer is 6.0cm and 18.5 cm at 00C and 1000C. respectively. When the thermometer is placed in a liquid, the length of the mercury column is 14.0cm (i) Calculate the temperature of the liquid (ii) State two thermometric properties which can be used to calibrate a thermometer. (6m) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. A metal block P of mass 500 g is heated is boiling water at a temperature of 1000C. Block P is then transferred into the water at a temperature of 300C in a polystyrene cup. The mass of water in the polystyrene cup is 250 g. After 2 minutes, the water temperature rises to 420C. Figure 2 Assuming that the heat absorbed by the polystyrene cup and heat loss to the surroundings are negligible.{Specific heat capacity of water 4 200 j kg-1 C-1) Calculate (a) the quantity of heat gained by water the polystyrene cup 3
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat (b) the rate of heat supplied to the water (c) the specific heat capacity of the metal block P 3. A student performs an experiment to investigate the energy change in a system. He prepares a cardboard tube 50.0 cm long closed by a stopper at one end. Lead shot of mass 500 g is placed in the tube and the other end of the tube is also closed by a stopper. The height of the lead shot in the tube is 5.0 cm as shown in Figure 3.1. The student then holds both ends of the tube and inverts it 100 times (Figure 3.2). Figure 3.1 Figure 3.2 (a) State the energy change each time the tube is inverted. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. (b) What is the average distance taken by the lead shot each time the tube is inverted? 4
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat (c) Calculate the time taken by the lead shot to fall from the top to the bottom of the tube. (d) After inverting the tube 100 times, the temperature of the lead shot is found to have increased by 30C. i. Calculate the work done on the lead shot. ii. Calculate the specific heat capacity of lead. iii. State the assumption used in your calculation in (d)ii. ……………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………. PART C: EXPERIMENT 1. Before travelling on a long journey, Luqman measured the air pressure the tyre of his car as shown in Figure (a) He found that the air pressure of the tyre was 200 kPa. After the journey, Luqman measured again the air pressure of the tyre as shown in Figure (b) He found that the air pressure had increase to 245 kPa. Luqman also found that the tyre was hotter after the journey although the size of the tyre did not change. Using the information provided by Luqman and his observations on air pressure in the tyre of his car: Figure (a) Figure (b) 5
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat (a) State one suitable inference that can be made. [1 mark] (b) State appropriate hypothesis for an investigation. [1 mark] (c) Design an experiment to investigate the hypothesis stated in (b). Choose suitable apparatus such as pressure gauge, a round-bottomed flask and any other apparatus that may he necessary. In your description, state clearly the following: i. Aim of the experiment, ii. Variables in the experiment, iii. List of apparatus and materials, iv. Arrangement of the apparatus, v. The procedure of the experiment including the method of controlling the manipulated variable and the method of measuring the responding variable, vi. The way you would tabulate the data, vii. The way you would analyse the data. [10 marks] 6
JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat 7

More Related Content

PDF
F4 Experiments
bymarjerin
 
DOC
Science Form 2 Nutrition notes
byVeloo Gunasagaran
 
PPTX
SPM Paper 2 Esei: FORCE AND PRESSURE
bySuriyati Yusoff
 
PDF
Spm Add Maths Formula List Form4
byguest76f49d
 
DOCX
Final Year Examination Form 1 Science Paper
byeshwary76
 
PDF
Biology SPM paper 3 experiment
byTiffany Cheah
 
DOCX
Pertandingan asas pertolongan cemas
byTeacher Nasrah
 
DOCX
15 kata majmuk yang telah mantap dan dieja rapat
bySalasiah Hassan Bahari
 
F4 Experiments
bymarjerin
 
Science Form 2 Nutrition notes
byVeloo Gunasagaran
 
SPM Paper 2 Esei: FORCE AND PRESSURE
bySuriyati Yusoff
 
Spm Add Maths Formula List Form4
byguest76f49d
 
Final Year Examination Form 1 Science Paper
byeshwary76
 
Biology SPM paper 3 experiment
byTiffany Cheah
 
Pertandingan asas pertolongan cemas
byTeacher Nasrah
 
15 kata majmuk yang telah mantap dan dieja rapat
bySalasiah Hassan Bahari
 

What's hot

PDF
Modul kemahiran proses sains thn 4
byJebat Melayu
 
PDF
Skema Fizik K1 K2 N9.pdf
byNurul Fadhilah
 
PDF
Soalan Bahasa Melayu Kertas 1
byAniz Syazwani Abdul Wahab
 
PDF
5.6 Interferens Gelombang 2020 Jawapan.pdf
bySitiFazleenChannel
 
DOCX
Karangan tahun 3
byGan Yong Peng
 
PDF
Spm chemistry formula list form 4
byZhang Ewe
 
PDF
Panduan pengajaran pendidikan kesihatan kssr tahun 6 2015 (1)
bynzaheira80
 
PDF
132441402 chapter-3-movement-of-substances-across-the-plasma-membrane
byLim Yee Yern
 
DOCX
Physics Form 4 KSSM Experiment 2.2
byLIMCHUANYANGMoe
 
DOCX
Homework chapter 2& 3 form 2
byMohd Irwan
 
DOCX
SPM Form 4 Physics - Light
byLoo Carmen
 
DOC
Answering questions technique physics spm paper 3
byfirdaus_mfm
 
PDF
Panduan Ujian SEGAK
byChon Seong Hoo
 
PPTX
Karangan Pendahuluan SPM
byImtiyaz 99
 
PDF
8 garam
byelemaran
 
PPTX
Faedah Rekreasi
byrusmaizan
 
PDF
(Soalan + skema) latihan peribahasa (1)
bysakinahzakaria3
 
DOC
91200514 peperiksaan-pertengahan-tahun-biology-tingkatan-4-kertas-2 (1)
byISMALIZA ISHAK
 
DOCX
Muka depan kertas soalan
byrichieroyston
 
DOCX
Susunan ayat biasa dan susunan ayat songsang
byHT Hong
 
Modul kemahiran proses sains thn 4
byJebat Melayu
 
Skema Fizik K1 K2 N9.pdf
byNurul Fadhilah
 
Soalan Bahasa Melayu Kertas 1
byAniz Syazwani Abdul Wahab
 
5.6 Interferens Gelombang 2020 Jawapan.pdf
bySitiFazleenChannel
 
Karangan tahun 3
byGan Yong Peng
 
Spm chemistry formula list form 4
byZhang Ewe
 
Panduan pengajaran pendidikan kesihatan kssr tahun 6 2015 (1)
bynzaheira80
 
132441402 chapter-3-movement-of-substances-across-the-plasma-membrane
byLim Yee Yern
 
Physics Form 4 KSSM Experiment 2.2
byLIMCHUANYANGMoe
 
Homework chapter 2& 3 form 2
byMohd Irwan
 
SPM Form 4 Physics - Light
byLoo Carmen
 
Answering questions technique physics spm paper 3
byfirdaus_mfm
 
Panduan Ujian SEGAK
byChon Seong Hoo
 
Karangan Pendahuluan SPM
byImtiyaz 99
 
8 garam
byelemaran
 
Faedah Rekreasi
byrusmaizan
 
(Soalan + skema) latihan peribahasa (1)
bysakinahzakaria3
 
91200514 peperiksaan-pertengahan-tahun-biology-tingkatan-4-kertas-2 (1)
byISMALIZA ISHAK
 
Muka depan kertas soalan
byrichieroyston
 
Susunan ayat biasa dan susunan ayat songsang
byHT Hong
 

Viewers also liked

PDF
SPM PHYSICS FORM 5 electricity
byMax Wong
 
PDF
SPM PHYSICS FORM 4 forces and pressure
byMax Wong
 
PPT
Force and Pressure
byRukshar Khan
 
PDF
SPM PHYSICS FORM 5 electronics
byMax Wong
 
PDF
SPM PHYSICS FORM 4 intro to physics
byMax Wong
 
PDF
SPM PHYSICS FORM 4 light
byMax Wong
 
PDF
SPM PHYSICS DEFINITION FORMULA
byMax Wong
 
PDF
SPM PHYSICS FORM 5 radioactivity
byMax Wong
 
PPT
Pressure
byVyvian Leow
 
PDF
Exercise intro to physics
bymarjerin
 
PPTX
PROPERTIES OF METALS AND NON METALS
byM k
 
PPTX
Std XI-Chem-Ch1-Concepts-Chemical-reactions-Stoichiometry
byGurudatta Wagh
 
PPT
Std X Ch5 Electromagnetism
byGurudatta Wagh
 
PPT
Metals, Non Metals And Oxidation
byguest426cf3
 
PPTX
Std XI-Ch-5-Redox-Reactions
byGurudatta Wagh
 
PPTX
Std XI-Ch-5-Redox-Reactions
byGurudatta Wagh
 
PPTX
Std XI-Chem-Ch1-Concepts-Isotopes-Atomic-mass-Molecular-mass
byGurudatta Wagh
 
PPTX
Std XI-Chem-Ch1-Concepts-Dalton's atomic theory
byGurudatta Wagh
 
DOCX
Oil and water specific heat capacity
byNguyen Hieu
 
PPTX
Physical features
byVidushi Bhatnagar
 
SPM PHYSICS FORM 5 electricity
byMax Wong
 
SPM PHYSICS FORM 4 forces and pressure
byMax Wong
 
Force and Pressure
byRukshar Khan
 
SPM PHYSICS FORM 5 electronics
byMax Wong
 
SPM PHYSICS FORM 4 intro to physics
byMax Wong
 
SPM PHYSICS FORM 4 light
byMax Wong
 
SPM PHYSICS DEFINITION FORMULA
byMax Wong
 
SPM PHYSICS FORM 5 radioactivity
byMax Wong
 
Pressure
byVyvian Leow
 
Exercise intro to physics
bymarjerin
 
PROPERTIES OF METALS AND NON METALS
byM k
 
Std XI-Chem-Ch1-Concepts-Chemical-reactions-Stoichiometry
byGurudatta Wagh
 
Std X Ch5 Electromagnetism
byGurudatta Wagh
 
Metals, Non Metals And Oxidation
byguest426cf3
 
Std XI-Ch-5-Redox-Reactions
byGurudatta Wagh
 
Std XI-Ch-5-Redox-Reactions
byGurudatta Wagh
 
Std XI-Chem-Ch1-Concepts-Isotopes-Atomic-mass-Molecular-mass
byGurudatta Wagh
 
Std XI-Chem-Ch1-Concepts-Dalton's atomic theory
byGurudatta Wagh
 
Oil and water specific heat capacity
byNguyen Hieu
 
Physical features
byVidushi Bhatnagar
 

Similar to SPM PHYSICS FORM 4 heat

PPTX
SPM Form 4 Physics - Heat
byLoo Carmen
 
PPTX
Temperature
byShafie Sofian
 
PPTX
Heat & Thermodynamics
byCarla Faner
 
PPTX
Temperature
byjuwarto jawahir
 
PDF
4.0 heat
bydeanamin
 
PDF
ch3.pdf
bypunitha27
 
PDF
Lecture24_Thermal1_ZM2017_Sci3nc3ShivEdits.pdf
byKimDato1
 
PPT
Science Quiz for high school students
byMallepaddi Siva Rama Prasad (National Teacher Awardee)
 
PPT
Heat transfer
byazli5493
 
PDF
Ch 12&13 Heat And Temperature
byggpg241989
 
PPTX
difference between Temperature-And-Heat.pptx
byChuddLaloman
 
PPTX
F4.4.1 heat
bySyiera Rahman
 
DOC
thermal-expansion-theory1, Shahjahan notes...
byShahjahan Physics
 
PPTX
Physics F4 4_1 Thermal Equilibrium 24.pptx
byHafsahHafsah17
 
PPTX
heat-energy-jhs-power-point-slides (1).pptx
byKingstuneAsare
 
PPT
Chapter v temperature and heat. htm nputi hppt
byrozi arrozi
 
PDF
Ch09 o com_pwb
byhmsoh
 
DOC
Anschp16
byFnC Music
 
PDF
4.0 heat
bydeanamin
 
PPT
P210 12a
byArvenz Gavino
 
SPM Form 4 Physics - Heat
byLoo Carmen
 
Temperature
byShafie Sofian
 
Heat & Thermodynamics
byCarla Faner
 
Temperature
byjuwarto jawahir
 
4.0 heat
bydeanamin
 
ch3.pdf
bypunitha27
 
Lecture24_Thermal1_ZM2017_Sci3nc3ShivEdits.pdf
byKimDato1
 
Science Quiz for high school students
byMallepaddi Siva Rama Prasad (National Teacher Awardee)
 
Heat transfer
byazli5493
 
Ch 12&13 Heat And Temperature
byggpg241989
 
difference between Temperature-And-Heat.pptx
byChuddLaloman
 
F4.4.1 heat
bySyiera Rahman
 
thermal-expansion-theory1, Shahjahan notes...
byShahjahan Physics
 
Physics F4 4_1 Thermal Equilibrium 24.pptx
byHafsahHafsah17
 
heat-energy-jhs-power-point-slides (1).pptx
byKingstuneAsare
 
Chapter v temperature and heat. htm nputi hppt
byrozi arrozi
 
Ch09 o com_pwb
byhmsoh
 
Anschp16
byFnC Music
 
4.0 heat
bydeanamin
 
P210 12a
byArvenz Gavino
 

Recently uploaded

PDF
PULSE according to Physiology special pdf for all medical sectors students & ...
byhttps://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=61578457231735
 
PPTX
CHAPTER NO.6 PLANT FIBRES USED AS SURGICAL DRESSINGS.pptx
byGanu Gavade
 
PPTX
THEORIES OF LEARNING Shilpa Hotakar.pptx
bySHILPA HOTAKAR
 
PPTX
Palta Utsav Open to All Quiz Final Set.pptx
bySourav Kr Podder
 
PPTX
When UDL is no longer enough: Examining post-UDL reflections on inclusive des...
byFrederic Fovet
 
PDF
ATOMIC-STRUCTURE.pdf/class 11 chemistry/IITJEE AND NEET/By: K SANDEEP SWAMY(M...
bySandeep Swamy
 
PPTX
Overview of SEO optimiser in Odoo 19 Website
byCeline George
 
PPTX
DISCHARGE FROM HOSPITAL (JHASKETAN )(1).pptx
byJK NURSING VIBES ONLY JHASKETAN KUANAR
 
PDF
2.India-and-Her-Neighbours ppt.pdf/Social science Grade 7 part -2 By:K SANDE...
bySandeep Swamy
 
PPTX
Prepositions of Place : English Grammar Presentation
byPintoo Dhillon
 
PDF
3.Empires-and-Kingdoms-6th-to-10th-Centuries ppt.pdf/Social science Grade 7 p...
bySandeep Swamy
 
PPTX
HYDROLYSIS OF EASTER (JHASKETAN).pptx
byJK NURSING VIBES ONLY JHASKETAN KUANAR
 
PDF
5.India-A-Home-to-Many.pdf/Social science Grade 7 part/:K SANDEEP SWAMY(M.Sc,...
bySandeep Swamy
 
PPTX
How to add bank Account in Odoo 19
byCeline George
 
PPTX
History in your Hands Class 5 January 2026 online slides.pptx
byEilsONeill
 
PPTX
MELA QUIZ 2026 | Silchar Medical College & Hospital | 11-01-2026
byUltimatewinner0342
 
PPTX
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION MODULE KEY POINTS
byLisa Harris
 
PPTX
GW4 BioMed Interview Support Webinar 2026
byGW4BioMedMRCDTP
 
PPTX
Cash on Delivery (COD) in Odoo 19 website
byCeline George
 
PPTX
Birthday Field in Employee Records Odoo 19
byCeline George
 
PULSE according to Physiology special pdf for all medical sectors students & ...
byhttps://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=61578457231735
 
CHAPTER NO.6 PLANT FIBRES USED AS SURGICAL DRESSINGS.pptx
byGanu Gavade
 
THEORIES OF LEARNING Shilpa Hotakar.pptx
bySHILPA HOTAKAR
 
Palta Utsav Open to All Quiz Final Set.pptx
bySourav Kr Podder
 
When UDL is no longer enough: Examining post-UDL reflections on inclusive des...
byFrederic Fovet
 
ATOMIC-STRUCTURE.pdf/class 11 chemistry/IITJEE AND NEET/By: K SANDEEP SWAMY(M...
bySandeep Swamy
 
Overview of SEO optimiser in Odoo 19 Website
byCeline George
 
DISCHARGE FROM HOSPITAL (JHASKETAN )(1).pptx
byJK NURSING VIBES ONLY JHASKETAN KUANAR
 
2.India-and-Her-Neighbours ppt.pdf/Social science Grade 7 part -2 By:K SANDE...
bySandeep Swamy
 
Prepositions of Place : English Grammar Presentation
byPintoo Dhillon
 
3.Empires-and-Kingdoms-6th-to-10th-Centuries ppt.pdf/Social science Grade 7 p...
bySandeep Swamy
 
HYDROLYSIS OF EASTER (JHASKETAN).pptx
byJK NURSING VIBES ONLY JHASKETAN KUANAR
 
5.India-A-Home-to-Many.pdf/Social science Grade 7 part/:K SANDEEP SWAMY(M.Sc,...
bySandeep Swamy
 
How to add bank Account in Odoo 19
byCeline George
 
History in your Hands Class 5 January 2026 online slides.pptx
byEilsONeill
 
MELA QUIZ 2026 | Silchar Medical College & Hospital | 11-01-2026
byUltimatewinner0342
 
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION MODULE KEY POINTS
byLisa Harris
 
GW4 BioMed Interview Support Webinar 2026
byGW4BioMedMRCDTP
 
Cash on Delivery (COD) in Odoo 19 website
byCeline George
 
Birthday Field in Employee Records Odoo 19
byCeline George
 

SPM PHYSICS FORM 4 heat

  • 1.
    JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat CHAPTER 4: HEAT 4.1 : UNDERSTANDING THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM By the end of this subtopic, you will be able to  Explain thermal equilibrium Thermal equilibrium :Keseimbangan terma  Explain how a liquid-in glass thermometer works ………….. rate of energy transfer A B Equivalent to Equivalent to Hot Cold object object ………….. rate of energy transfer No net heat transfer 1. The net heat will flow from A to B until the temperature of A is the ( same, zero as the temperature of B. In this situation, the two bodies are said to have reached thermal equilibrium. 2. When thermal equilibrium is reached, the net rate of heat flow between the two bodies is (zero, equal) 3. There is no net flow of heat between two objects that are in thermal equilibrium. Two objects in thermal equilibrium have the ……………… temperature. 4. The liquid used in glass thermometer should …………………………………………………………………………….. (a) Be easily seen ………………………………………………………………………………. (b) Expand and contract rapidly over a wide range of temperature …………………………………………………………………………….. (c) Not stick to the glass wall of the capillary tube 5. List the characteristic of mercury …………………………………………………………………………………….. (a) Opaque liquid ……………………………………………………………………………………. (b) Does not stick to the glass ……………………………………………………………………………………. (c) Expands uniformly when heated ……………………………………………………………………………………. (d) Freezing point -390C ……………………………………………………………………………………. (e) Boiling point 3570C ……………………………………………………………………………………. 86
  • 2.
    JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat 6. ( Heat, Temperature ) is a form of energy. It flows from a hot body to a cold body. 7. The SI unit for ( heat , temperature) is Joule, J. 8. ( Heat , Temperature ) is the degree of hotness of a body 9. The SI unit for (heat , temperature) is Kelvin, K. 10. ……………………………..… Lower fixed point (l 0 )/ ice point : the temperature of pure melting ice/00C 11. …………………………………point: the temperature of steam from water that is boiling Upper fixed point( l 100)/steam under standard atmospheric pressure /1000C l θ - l0 Temperature, θ = x 1000C l100 - l0 l0 : length of mercury at ice point l100 : length of mercury at steam point lθ : length of mercury at θ point Exercise 4.1 Section A: Choose the best answer 1. The figure shows two metal blocks. A. It warms the surroundings Which the following statement is B. It warms the water of the tea false? C. It turns into heat energy and disappears. 3. Which of the following temperature corresponds to zero on the Kelvin scale? A. P and Q are in thermal contact A. 2730 C B. P and Q are in thermal equilibrium B. 00C C. Energy is transferred from P to Q C. -2730 C D. Energy is transferred from Q to P D. 1000 C 4. How can the sensitivity of a liquid- in 2. When does the energy go when a cup –glass thermometer be increased? of hot tea cools? 87
  • 3.
    JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat A. Using a liquid which is a better conductor of heat 6. When shaking hands with Anwar, B. Using a capillary tube with a Kent Hui niticed that Anwar’s hand narrower bore. was cold. However, Anwar felt that C. Using a longer capillary tube Kent Hui hand was warm. Why did D. Using a thinner-walked bulb Anwar and Kent Hui not feel the same sensation? 5. Which instrument is most suitable for A. Both hands in contact are in measuring a rapidly changing thermal equilibrium. temperature? B. Heat is flowing from Kent Hui’s A. Alcohol-in –glass thermometer hand to Anawr’s hand B. Thermocouple C. Heat is following from Anwar’s C. Mercury-in-glass thermometer hand to Kent Hui hand. D. Platinum resistance thermometer Section B: Answer all the questions by showing the calculation 1. The length of the mercury column at the ice point and steam point are 5.0 cm and 40.0cm respectively. When the thermometer is immersed in the liquid P, the length of the mercury column is 23.0 cm. What is the temperature of the liquid P? 2. The length of the mercury column at the steam point and ice point and are 65.0 cm and 5.0cm respectively. When the thermometer is immersed in the liquid Q, the length of the mercury column is 27.0 cm. What is the temperature of the liquid Q? Temperature, θ = lθ – l0 x 1000C l100 – l0 θ = 27 – 5 x 1000C 65 - 5 θ = 36.670C 88
  • 4.
    JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat 3. The distance between 00C and 1000C is 28.0 cm. When the thermometer is put into a beaker of water, the length of mercury column is 24.5cm above the lower fixed point. What is the temperature of the water? 4. The distance between 00C and 1000C is 25 cm. When the thermometer is put into a beaker of water, the length of mercury column is 16cm above the lower fixed point. What is the temperature of the water? What is the length of mercury column from the bulb at temperatures i) 300C 2
  • 5.
    JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat SECTION C: Structured Questions 1. Luqman uses an aluminium can, a drinking straw and some plasticine to make a simple thermometer as shown in figure below. He pours a liquid with linear expansion into the can. (a) Suggest a kind of liquid that expands linearly. (1m) ……………………………………………………………………………………………. (b) He chooses two fixed points of Celsius scale to calibrate his thermometer. State them (2m) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… (c) If the measurement length of the liquid inside the straw at the temperature of the lower fixed point and the upper fixed point are 5cm and 16 cm respectively, find the length of the liquid at 82.50C. (d) Why should he use a drinking straw of small diameter? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… (e) What kind of action should he take if he wants to increase the sensitivity of his thermometer? ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 3
  • 6.
    JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat 2. What do you mean by heat and temperature? …………………………………………………………………………………………….... ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… : UNDERSTANDING SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY By the end of this subtopic, you will be able to  Define specific heat capacity Heat capacity  State that c = Q/MCθ Muatan haba  Determine the specific heat capacity of a liquid Specific heat capacity Muatan haba tentu  Determine the specific heat capacity of a solid  Describe applications of specific heat capacity  Solve problems involving specific heat capacity 1. The ……………….. of a body is the …………………….. that must be supplied to the body to increase its temperature by 10C. 2. The heat capacity of an object depends on the (a) ………………………………………………………………………………………. (b) ………………………………………………………………………………………. (c) ……………………………………………………………………………………… 3. The ………………………of a substance is the amount of heat that must be supplied to increase the temperature by 1 0C for a mass of 1 kg of the substance. Unit Jkg-1 K-1 Q__ Specific heat capacity , c = m∆θ 4. The heat energy absorbed or given out by an object is given by Q = mc∆O. 5. High specific heat capacity absorb a large amount of heat with only a ……………temperature increase such as plastics. 4
  • 7.
    JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat 6. Conversion of energy Heater …………energy Electrical energy Heat energy Power = P Pt = mcθ Object falls from …………..energy Heat energy A high position mgh= mcθ Moving object stopped …………..energy Heat energy due to friction ½ mv2= mcθ Power = P 7. Applications of Specific Heat Capacity ………. ……………. increase in increase in temperature temperature Small value of c Two object of Big value of c equal mass Equal rate of heat supplied Explain the meaning of above application of specific heat capacity: (a) Water as a coolant in a car engine (i) .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... 5
  • 8.
    JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat (b) Household apparatus and utensils ………………………………………………………………………………………... ………………………………………………………………………………………... ………………………………………………………………………………………... ………………………………………………………………………………………... (c) Sea breeze ……………………………………………… ……………………………………………… ……………………………………………… ……………………………………………… ……………………………………………… ……………………………………………… ……………………………………………… (d) Land breeze ……………………………………………… ……………………………………………… ……………………………………………… ……………………………………………… ……………………………………………… ……………………………………………… 6
  • 9.
    JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat Exercise 4.2 SECTION A : Choose the best answer 1. The change in the temperature of an 3. Heat energy is supplied at the same rate object does not depend on to 250g of water and 250g of ethanol. A. the mass of the object The temperature of the ethanol rises B. the type of substance the object is faster. This is because the ethanol.. made of A. is denser than water C. the shape of the object B. is less dense than water D. the quantity of heat received C. has a larger specific heat capacity than water D. has a smaller specific heat capacity than water 2. Which of the following defines the specific heat capacity of a substance 4. In the experiment to determine the correctly? specific heat capacity of a metal block, A. The amount of heat energy required some oil is poured into the hole to raise the temperature of 1kg of the containing thermometer. Why is this substance done? B. The amount of heat energy required A. To ensure a better conduction of heat to raise 1kg of the substance by 10C. B. To reduce the consumption of C. The amount of heat energy required electrical energy to change 1kg of the substance from C. To ensure the thermometer is in an the solid state to the liquid state. upright position. D. To reduce the friction between the thermometer and the wall of the block. SECTION B: Answer all questions by showing the calculation 1. How much heat energy is required to raise the temperature of a 4kg iron bar from 320C to 520C? (Specific heat capacity of iron = 452 Jkg-1 0C-1). 7
  • 10.
    JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat 2. Calculate the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 0.8 kg of copper from 350C to 600C. (Specific heat capacity of copper = 400 J kg-1 C-1). 3. Calculate the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 2.5 kg of water from 320C to 820C. (Specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J kg-1 C-1). 4. 750g block of a aluminium at 1200C is cooled until 450C. Find the amount of heat is released. . (Specific heat capacity of aluminium = 900 J kg-1 C-1). 5. 0.2 kg of water at 700C is mixed with 0.6 kg of water at 300C. Assuming that no heat is lost, find the final temperature of the mixture. (Specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J kg-1 C-1) 87
  • 11.
    JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat SECTION C: Structured questions 1. In figure below, block A of mass 5kg at temperature 1000C is in contact with another block B of mass 2.25kg at temperature 200C. 5kg 2.25kg A B 1000C 200C Assume that there is no energy loss to the surroundings. (a) Find the final temperature of A and B if they are in thermal equilibrium. Given the specific heat capacity of A and B are 900 Jkg-1 C-1 and 400 Jkg-1 C-1 respectively. (b) Find the energy given by A during the process. (c) Suggest one method to reduce the energy loss to the surroundings. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 88
  • 12.
    JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat UNDERSTANDING SPECIFIC LATENT HEAT By the of this subtopic, you will be able to  State that transfer of heat during a change of phase does not cause a change in temperature  Define specific latent heat  State that l = Q/m  Determine the specific latent heat of fusion and specific latent heat of vaporisation  Solve problem involving specific latent heat. 1. Four main changes of phase. Gas Boiling Latent heat …………. Condensation Latent heat ………… Solidification Solid Latent heat ………… Liquid 2. The heat absorbed or the heat released at constant temperature during a change of phase is known as latent heat. Q= ml 3. Complete the diagrams below and summarized. (a) Melting ……………………………………… Temperature ……………………………………… ……………………………………… ……………………………………… ……………………………………… ……………………………………… ………………………………………. Time 89
  • 13.
    JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat (b) Boiling ……………………………………… Temperature ……………………………………… ……………………………………… ……………………………………… ……………………………………… ……………………………………… ………………………………………. Time (c) Solidification Temperature ……………………………………… ……………………………………… ……………………………………… ……………………………………… ……………………………………… ……………………………………… Time ………………………………………. (d) Condensation ……………………………………… Temperature ……………………………………… ……………………………………… ……………………………………… ……………………………………… ……………………………………… ………………………………………. Time 90
  • 14.
    JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat 4. …………………………………is the heat absorbed by a melting solid. The specific latent heat of fusion is the quantity of the heat needed to change 1kg of solid to a liquid at its melting point without any increase in ……………………….. The S.I unit of the specific latent heat of fusion is Jkg-1. ice water 5. …………………………………... is heat of vaporisation is heat absorbed during boiling. The specific latent heat of vaporisation is the quantity of heat needed to change 1kg of liquid into gas or vapour of its boiling point without any change in …………………….. The S.I unit is Jkg-1. gas water 91
  • 15.
    JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat 6. Explain the application of Specific Latent Heat above: : (d) Cooling of beverage ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… (e) Preservation of Food ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… (f) Steaming Food ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… (g) Killing of Germs and Bacteria ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 92
  • 16.
    JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat EXERCISE 4.3 Section A: 1. The graph in figure below shows how 3. It is possible to cook food much faster the temperature of some wax changes as with a pressure cooker as shown above. it cools from liquid to solid. Which Why is it easier to cook food using a section of the graph would the wax be a pressure cooker? mixture of solid and liquid? A. PQ A. More heat energy can be supplied to B. QR the pressure cooker C. RS B. Heat loss from the pressure cooker D. ST can be reduced. C. Boiling point of water in the pressure 2. Figure show a joulemeter used for cooker is raised measuring the electrical energy to melt D. Food absorbs more heat energy from some ice in an experiment. To find the the high pressure steam specific latent heat of fusion of ice, what must be measured? 4. Which of the following is not a characteristics of water that makes it widely used as a cooling agent? A. Water is readily available B. Water does not react with many other substance C. Water has a large specific heat capacity D. Water has a large density A. The time taken for the ice to melt B. The voltage of the electricity supply C. The mass of water produced by melting ice D. The temperature change of the ice. 93
  • 17.
    JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat 5. Figure below shows the experiment set A. determining the rate of melting of ice up to determine the specific latent heat B. ensuring that the ice does not melt of fusion of ice. A control of the too fast. experiment is set up as shown in Figure C. determining the average value of the (a) with the aim of specific latent heat of fusion of ice. D. determining the mass of ice that melts as a result of heat from the surroundings 6. Scalding of the skin by boiling water is less serious then by steam. This is because… A. the boiling point of water is less than the temperature of steam B. the heat of boiling water is quickly lost to the surroundings C. steam has a high specific latent heat. D. Steam has a high specific heat capacity. SECTION B: Answer the question by showing the calculation 1. 300g of ice at 00C melts. How much energy is required for this Question 2-7 are based on the following information  Specific heat capacity of water = 4 200 J kg-1 C-1  Specific heat capacity of ice = 2 100 J kg-1 C-1  Specific latent heat of fusion of ice = 3.34 X 105J kg-1  Specific latent heat of vaporization of water = 2.26 X 106 J kg-1 2. An immersion heater rated at 500 W is fitted into a large block of ice at 00C. How long does it take to melt 1.5kg of ice? 2
  • 18.
    JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat 3. 300 g of water at 400C is mixed with x g of water at 800C. The final temperature of the mixture is 700C. Find the value of x 4. Calculate the amount of heat released when 2 kg of ice at 00C is changed into water at 00C. 5. Calculate the amount of heat needed to convert 3 kg of ice at 00C to water at 300C. 6. Find the amount of heat needed to convert 0.5 kg of ice at —150C into steam at 1000C 7. Calculate the amount of heat needed to convert 100 g of ice at 00C into steam at 1000C. 8. The specific latent heat of vaporization of water is 2300 kJ kg-1. How much heat will be absorbed when 3.2 kg of water is boiled off at its boiling point. 2
  • 19.
    JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat UNDERSTANDING THE GAS LAW By the end of this subtopic; you will be able to :  Explain gas pressure, temperature and volume in terms of the behaviour of gas molecules.  Determine the relationship between (i) pressure and volume (ii) volume and temperature (iii) pressure and temperature  Explain absolute zero and the absolute/Kelvin scale of temperature  Solve problems involving pressure, temperature and volume of a fixed mass of gas 1. Complete the table below. Property of gas Explanation Volume,V  m3 Temperature,T  K (Kelvin) Pressure,P  Pa(Pascal) 2. The kinetic theory of gas is based on the following assumptions: ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................ 3
  • 20.
    JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat 4.4.1 Boyle’s Law Pα1 V That is PV = constant Small volume Or P1V1 = P2V2 molecules hit wall more often, greater pressure Relationship between pressure and volume 1. Boyle’s law states that……………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………............................................................................ 2. Boyle’s law can be shown graphically as in Figure above P P 0 V 0 1/V (a) P inversely proportional to V (b) P directly proportional to 1/V 4
  • 21.
    JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat 3. The volume of an air bubble at the base of a sea of 50 m deep is 250cm 3. If the atmospheric pressure is 10m of water, find the volume of the air bubble when it reaches the surface of the sea. P2= 10m PI=50m + 10m V1=250cm3 4.4.2 Charles’s Law VαT that is V = constant T Higher temperature, Relationship between faster molecules, volume and temperature larger volume to keep the pressure constant Lower temperature 1. Charles’ law states ………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………………… ……… The temperature -2730C is the lowest possible temperature and is known as the absolute zero of temperature. 5
  • 22.
    JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat 2. Fill the table below. Temperature Celsius scale (0C) Kelvin Scale(K) Absolute zero Ice point Steam point Unknown point 3. Complete the diagram below. -273 100 θ/0C 4.4.3 Pressure’s Law PαT That is P = constant T Higher temperature molecules move faster, greater Relationship between pressure pressure and temperature 1. The pressure law states ……………………………………………………………….... ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6
  • 23.
    JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat EXERSICE 4.4:Gas Law 1. A mixture of air and petrol vapour is injected into the cylinder of a car engine when the cylinder volume is 100 cm3. Its pressure is then 1.0 atm. The valve closes and the mixture is compressed to 20 cm3. Find the pressure now. 2. The volume of an air bubble at the base of a sea of 50 in deep is 200 cm3. If the atmospheric pressure is 10 in of water, find the volume of the air bubble when it reaches the surface of the sea. 3. The volume of an air bubble is 5 mm3 when it is at a depth of h in below the water surface. Given that its volume is 15 mm3 when it is at a depth of 2 in, find the value of h. (Atmospheric pressure = 10 m of water) 7
  • 24.
    JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat 4. An air bubble has a volume of V cm3 when it is released at a depth of 45m from the water surface. Find its volume (V) when it reaches the water surface. (Atmospheric pressure = 10 m of water) 5. A gas of volume 20m3 at 370C is heated until its temperature becomes 870C at constant pressure. What is the increase in volume? 6. The air pressure in a container at 330C is 1.4 X 1O5 N m2. The container is heated until the temperature is 550C. What is the final air pressure if the volume of the container is fixed? 7. The volume of a gas is 1 cm3 at 150C. The gas is heated at fixed pressure until the volume becomes triple the initial volume. Calculate the final temperature of the gas. 8
  • 25.
    JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat 8. An enclosed container contains a fixed mass of gas at 250C and at the atmospheric pressure. The container is heated and temperature of the gas increases to 980C. Find the new pressure of the gas if the volume of the container is constant.(Atmospheric pressure = 1.0 X 10 5N rn2) 9. The pressure of a gas decreases from 1.2 x 105 Pa to 9 x 105 Pa at 400C. If the volume of the gas is constant, find the initial temperature of the gas. 9
  • 26.
    JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat PART A: CHAPTER 4 1. A 5kg iron sphere of temperature 4. Water is generally used to put out 500C is put in contact with a 1kg fire. Which of the following copper sphere of temperature 273K explanation is not correct? and they are put inside an insulated A. Water has a high specific heat box. Which of the following capacity statements is correct when they reach B. Steam can cut off the supply of thermal equilibrium? oxygen D. A iron sphere will have a C. Water is easily available temperature of 273K D. Water can react with some E. The copper sphere will have a material temperature of 500C. F. Both the sphere have the same 5. Given that the heat capacity of a temperature. certain sample is 5000 J0C-1. Which G. The temperature of the iron of the following is correct? sphere will be lower than 500C A. The mass of this sample is 1kg. B. The energy needed to increase 2. In the process to transfer heat from the temperature of 1 kg of this one object to another object, which sample is 5000 J. of the following processes does not C. The energy needed to increase involve a transfer to material? the temperature of 0.5kg of this A. Convection sample is 2500J. B. Vaporisation D. The temperature of this sample C. Radiation will increase 10C when 5 000 J D. Evaporation energy is absorbed by this sample. 3. When we use a microwave oven to heat up some food in a lunch box, we 6. Which of the following statement is should open the lid slightly. Which correct? of the following explanations is A. The total mass of the object is correct? kept constant when fusion A. To allow microwave to go inside occurs. the lunch box B. The internal energy of the object B. To allow the water vapors to go is increased when condensation out, otherwise the box will occurs explode C. Energy is absorbed when C. To allow microwave to reflect condensation occurs. more times inside the lunch box D. Energy is absorbed when D. To allow microwave to penetrate vaporization occurs. deeper into the lunch box. 10
  • 27.
    JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat 7. Water molecules change their states B. the number of gas molecules between the liquid and gaseous states increases A. only when water vapour is C. the average distance between the saturated gas molecules increases B. at all times because evaporation D. the rate of collision between the and condensation occur any time gas molecules and the walls C. only when the vapour molecules increases produce a pressure as the same as the atmospheric pressure 10. A plastic bag is filled with air. It is D. only when the water is boiling immersed in the boiling water as shown in diagram below. 8. Based on the kinetic theory of gas which one of the following does not explain the behaviour of gas molecules in a container? A. Gas molecules move randomly B. Gas molecules collide elastically Which of the following statements is with the walls of the container false? C. Gas molecules move faster as A. The volume of the plastic bag temperature increases increases. D. Gas molecules collide B. The pressure of air molecules inelastically with each other increases C. The air molecules in the bag 9. A cylinder which contains gas is move faster compressed at constant temperature D. The repulsive force of boiling of the gas increase because water slows down the movement A. the average speed of gas of air molecule molecules increases 2
  • 28.
    JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat PART B; 1. A research student wishes to carry out an investigation on the temperature change of the substance in the temperature range -500C to 500C. The instrument used to measure the temperature is a liquid in glass thermometer. Thermometer A B C D Liquid Mercury Mercury Alcohol Alcohol Freezing point of liquid (0C) -39 -39 -112 -112 Boiling point of liquid (0C) 360 360 360 360 Diameter of capillary tube Large Small Large Small Cross section Table 1 (a) (i) State the principle used in a liquid- in –glass thermometer.(1m) ........................................................................................................................................ (ii) Briefly explain the principle stated in (a)(i) (3m) …………………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………………. (b) Table 1 shows the characteristic of 4 types of thermometer: A,B C and D. On the basis of the information given in Table 1, explain the characteristics of, and suggest a suitable thermometer for the experiment.(5 m) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2
  • 29.
    JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat (c) The length of the mercury column in uncalibrated thermometer is 6.0cm and 18.5 cm at 00C and 1000C. respectively. When the thermometer is placed in a liquid, the length of the mercury column is 14.0cm (i) Calculate the temperature of the liquid (ii) State two thermometric properties which can be used to calibrate a thermometer. (6m) ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 2. A metal block P of mass 500 g is heated is boiling water at a temperature of 1000C. Block P is then transferred into the water at a temperature of 300C in a polystyrene cup. The mass of water in the polystyrene cup is 250 g. After 2 minutes, the water temperature rises to 420C. Figure 2 Assuming that the heat absorbed by the polystyrene cup and heat loss to the surroundings are negligible.{Specific heat capacity of water 4 200 j kg-1 C-1) Calculate (a) the quantity of heat gained by water the polystyrene cup 3
  • 30.
    JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat (b) the rate of heat supplied to the water (c) the specific heat capacity of the metal block P 3. A student performs an experiment to investigate the energy change in a system. He prepares a cardboard tube 50.0 cm long closed by a stopper at one end. Lead shot of mass 500 g is placed in the tube and the other end of the tube is also closed by a stopper. The height of the lead shot in the tube is 5.0 cm as shown in Figure 3.1. The student then holds both ends of the tube and inverts it 100 times (Figure 3.2). Figure 3.1 Figure 3.2 (a) State the energy change each time the tube is inverted. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………….. (b) What is the average distance taken by the lead shot each time the tube is inverted? 4
  • 31.
    JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat (c) Calculate the time taken by the lead shot to fall from the top to the bottom of the tube. (d) After inverting the tube 100 times, the temperature of the lead shot is found to have increased by 30C. i. Calculate the work done on the lead shot. ii. Calculate the specific heat capacity of lead. iii. State the assumption used in your calculation in (d)ii. ……………………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………. PART C: EXPERIMENT 1. Before travelling on a long journey, Luqman measured the air pressure the tyre of his car as shown in Figure (a) He found that the air pressure of the tyre was 200 kPa. After the journey, Luqman measured again the air pressure of the tyre as shown in Figure (b) He found that the air pressure had increase to 245 kPa. Luqman also found that the tyre was hotter after the journey although the size of the tyre did not change. Using the information provided by Luqman and his observations on air pressure in the tyre of his car: Figure (a) Figure (b) 5
  • 32.
    JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat (a) State one suitable inference that can be made. [1 mark] (b) State appropriate hypothesis for an investigation. [1 mark] (c) Design an experiment to investigate the hypothesis stated in (b). Choose suitable apparatus such as pressure gauge, a round-bottomed flask and any other apparatus that may he necessary. In your description, state clearly the following: i. Aim of the experiment, ii. Variables in the experiment, iii. List of apparatus and materials, iv. Arrangement of the apparatus, v. The procedure of the experiment including the method of controlling the manipulated variable and the method of measuring the responding variable, vi. The way you would tabulate the data, vii. The way you would analyse the data. [10 marks] 6
  • 33.
    JPN Pahang Physics Module Form 4 Student’s Copy Chapter 4: Heat 7