This document summarizes the solubility of different types of salts in water. It states that hydroxides are generally insoluble except for potassium and sodium hydroxide. Oxides are also largely insoluble except for potassium and sodium oxide. Carbonates are more soluble, with sodium, potassium, and ammonium carbonates all soluble. Sulphates and chlorides are also largely soluble, except for a few exceptions like barium and lead salts. Nitrates and salts of sodium and potassium are all soluble in water. It also provides tests to identify different cations and anions in salts.

1. Chemistry form 4- chapter 8 salt Pn Khoo Sioh Gee

2. SOLUBILITY OF SALT IN WATER All insoluble except Potassium hydroxide, and Sodium hydroxide while Calcium hydroxide soluble a little. Hydroxide All insoluble except Potassium oxide and Sodium oxide, while Calcium oxide soluble a little. Oxide All insoluble except Sodium Carbonate, Potassium carbonate, and Ammonium Carbonate. Carbonate Salt All soluble except Lead(II) sulphate and Barium sulphate, while Calcium sulphate is soluble partially. Sulphate Salt All soluble except Lead(II) chloride, Silver Chloride, and Mercury(I) chloride. (Lead(II) Chloride soluble in hot water but in cold water. ) Chloride Salt All Soluble Nitrate Salt All Soluble Sodium Salt Potassium Salt Ammonium Salt Solubility in Water Type of Salt

3. NH 4 + Ag + Cu 2+ Pb 2+ Sn 2+ Fe 2+ Zn 2+ Al 3+ Mg 2+ Ca 2+ Na + K + Carbonate, CO 3 2- Sulphate, SO 4 2- Chloride, Cl - Nitrate, NO 3 - Cation

4. Test for Cation : With NaOH solution Cation NaOH(aq) solution Some NaOH(aq) No precipitate White Precipitate Coloured Precipitate Soluble and Colourless Precipitate Insoluble Precipitate Heat NH 4 + With precipitate Concentrated HCL Drops Precipitate Green Brown Blue Fe 2+ Fe 3+ Cu 2+ Insoluble Precipitate Mg 2+ Ca 2+ Pb 2+ Al 2+ Zn 2+ Mg 2+ Ca 2+ Pb 2+ Al 2+ Zn 2+

5. Test for Cation: With Ammonia Solution Cation NH 3 (aq) Solution Some NH 3 (aq) No Precipitate White Precipitate Coloured Precipitate Soluble and Colourless Precipitate Insoluble Precipitate NH 4 + , Ca 2+ Precipitate Precipitate Green Brown Blue Fe 2+ Fe 3+ Cu 2+ Soluble Precipitate Mg 2+ Pb 2+ Al 2+ Zn 2+ Mg 2+ Pb 2+ Al 2+ Zn 2+ Insoluble Precipitate

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