Speed detection cameras use Doppler radar to detect the speed of passing vehicles and automatically issue tickets to drivers exceeding the speed limit. They were first introduced in the 1980s in London and have since been widely adopted to reduce traffic accidents. Speed cameras work by transmitting radar beams and using the Doppler effect to measure the change in frequency of the reflected beams, from which they can calculate a vehicle's speed. Modern speed cameras provide accurate speed readings even in rain and can simultaneously detect multiple vehicles. While controversial, studies show speed cameras are effective at reducing speeding and promoting road safety when paired with public awareness campaigns.

1. Seminar
On
SPEED DETECTION CAMERA
Prepared by : Kandarp Kumar Tiwari
Roll No. : 1209010085 (B. Tech 6th Semester)
Department of
Computer Science & Engineering
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2.  INTRODUCTION
 HISTORY
 WHY SPEED DETECTING CAMERA ?
 ARCHITECTURE
 INTRODUCING DOPPLER’S EFFECT
 HOW WELL DOES IT WORKS?
Operating during the rain and mist
Measurement range
Reaction time
Continuous transmission
Discrimination
Objectives
 ON THE WRONG SIDE OF THE LAW
The need for public communications
 COMMUNICATIONS AND PUBLIC
AWARENESS
 ADVANTAGES
 FUTURE TECHNOLOGIES
 CONCLUSION
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3. Introduction
 A speed detecting camera is an
automated ticketing machine that
includes a camera mounted invariably
behind road signs or trees.
 The speed cameras are used to identify
and prosecute those drivers that pass
by them when exceed the stipulated
speed limit.
 To enforce these speed limit; laws are
passed making speed an offence and
signs are erected were off to indicate
the maximum permissible speeds.
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4. An Older Speed Camera
History
 Speed cameras were introduced in west London
in 1982 and following their success in reducing
speed related crashes.
 Speed cameras are recommended under use to
reduce road casualties. The speed camera is also
known as" safety cameras".
 Speed camera uses the basic principle of Doppler
Effect and RADAR technologies.
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5. Why Speed Detecting
Camera ?
 Control Vehicle Speed
 Traffic Control
 Crime Control
 Accident Control
 In Sports
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6. Architecture
 The basic of every speed camera is a
SHF generator, which can transmit
the beams in specific directions.
 Radar makes the use of
electromagnetic waves to detect
objects
 It gives the information about speed,
distance, objects.
 It uses Doppler’s Effect to determine
the vehicle speed.
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7. Introducing Doppler’s Effect
 The apparent change in pitch due to relative motion between source
and observer is known as Doppler’s Principle.
 The Doppler Effect is the change in frequency of a wave for an
observer moving relative to its source
 The principle of speed camera that is the Doppler's effect can be
described by the formula
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8. Doppler’s Effect Formula
f M = 2vfEcos(α/c)
Where,
 fM if the frequency of the received signal
 v is the speed of vehicles
 f E if the frequency of transmitted signal
 α is the angle between the transmitted
signal and path along which the vehicle
travels
 c is propagation speed of the signal in the
air.
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10. How Well Does It Works?
 Operating during the rain or mist:
 When it rains it comes down vertically which is right
angles to the RADAR beam, bringing about a Doppler
effect of zero (cos 90=0 so Fm=0).
 Since mist doesn't move with respect to RADAR
beams it will be practically invisible to the receiver and
the measurements are completely unaffected.
Doppler RADAR
Measurement Range:
Depends on two factors:-
the power of SHF oscillators
the sensitivity of the detector.
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11.  Reaction time:
 Older models required by about half a second to take a reliable
measurement.
 Current models uses special DSP algorithms with the very short time, making
extremely fast readings possible.
 Continuous transmission:
 RADAR does not need to have its oscillators functioning continuously. It only
needs to be active long enough to stabilize and take a measurement. Actual
RADAR equipment works on the random basis or is activated only when a
vehicle comes nearby.
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12.  Discrimination:
 When several vehicles traveling at
different speeds encounter at the
RADAR beams the resulting Doppler
signal contains a mixture of signals at
different frequency.
 There are however newer systems that
can measure the speed of the several car
simultaneously without discrimination.
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13. On The Wrong Side Of Law
 There are two types of Anti-Radars:
 Jamming devices- The jamming
devices are simply SHF oscillators,
which are used to send ' take ' signal to
the speed camera, the electronic circuit
in the radar can detect such jamming
signals and notify the police.
 Detectors- A detector on the other
hand consists of the simple SHF
receiver. These are relatively simple
circuit containing a microwave
detector an alarm.
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14. Communications and Public Awareness
 The need for public communications:
 We should make people aware of the speeding and benefits of speed cameras. We should make
awareness in the local level, national level and also in government level.
 There are many publicity campaigns, for example called ‘THINK!’ which includes messages
about the risks and other consequences of speeding.
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15. Advantages
 Speed Control of Vehicles
 Economic Benefit
 Tax for rich and passionate riders
 Good for Environment
 High speed is bad for communities
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16. Future Technologies
 A speed camera designed to catch speeding motorist.
 The asset camera should be able to pick out the drivers who are not wearing helmet.
 Identify tailgating.
 Can also note number plate and recognise cars with out-of-date tax and licence.
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17. Conclusion
 A new approach to vehicle extraction and speed detection was proposed.
 These camera reduces accidents and protects the innocent road users.
 The system also provides location and velocity information of each vehicle.
 In general speed camera are perceived to be good idea because they protect
innocent road users and pedestrians.
 So on utilizing the strategies in the right way, we can reduce 40 percent it of
accidents
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