Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) uses information and communication technologies to improve transportation safety, mobility, and efficiency. ITS applications include traffic management, emergency response, electronic toll collection, and vehicle-to-vehicle communication. Key technologies enabling ITS are vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), which allow vehicles to communicate, and wireless sensor networks (WSNs), which can monitor road conditions. Open research challenges include reliable communication in dense traffic and leveraging cloud computing with VANETs and vehicle resources.

1. Intelligent Transportation System
Prepared By: Kashif Naseer Qureshi

2. OUTLINE
1. Introduction of ITS
2. Applications of ITS
3. Challenges and issues of ITS
4. Technologies in ITS (VANET, WSN)
5. Current research in areas
6. Future direction for new researchers

3. Intelligent Transportation System
• The term intelligent transportation system (ITS)
refers to efforts to add information and
communications technology to transport
infrastructure and vehicles, in order to improve
safety and reduce vehicle wear, transportation
times, and fuel consumption.

5. Areas of ITS

6. Why ITS is Important?
• Offers the next major leap forward in improving safety,
convenience, and productivity of our personal and
commercial travel.
• Critical as population and congestion increase, and land and
funding for new roads decrease.

7. Identified Benefits
• Time Savings
• Improved Throughput
• Reduced Crashes and Fatalities
• Cost Avoidance
• Increased Customer Satisfaction
• Energy and Environmental Benefits

8. Applications Overview
• Global Positioning Systems
• Weather information systems
• Bus Information System
• Traffic and transit management
• Real-time information
• Parking
• Incident management
• Emergency management
• Electronic toll collection
• Commercial vehicle operations

9. Applications of ITS
Transit Management
Traffic Information
Accident Detection
Monitor the weather
information
Parking Management
Traffic signal control

10. Emergency management
• Pre-trip, On-trip, emergency
– AA ITS Service (UK)
– ADAC ITS Services (Germany)

11. Electronic toll collection
• Electronic Payment
– HAMLET 2 - Toll Collection on Motorways (France)
– ETC - Electronic toll collection (Taiwan)

12. Technologies in ITS

13. Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks
• In vehicular Ad hoc networks the moving and fixed nodes are
communicates without permanent infrastructure with each other.
• The communications between vehicles are multi-hop or single hop with
the help of wireless standards.
• There are three main types of communication in VANET

15. Vehicular Communication
Technology
• Inside car
– Bluetooth, Zigbee
• Car to car
– VANET,802.11p
• Car to road
– 802.11p
• Car to Internet
– 3G, WiMAX
(current) CALM
(Continuous Air-interface,
Long and Medium range )

16. • IEEE 802.11p is a draft amendment to the IEEE
802.11 standard to add wireless access in the
vehicular environment (WAVE). It defines
enhancements to 802.11 required to support
Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)
applications.
• This includes data exchange between high-speed
vehicles and between the vehicles and the roadside
infrastructure in the licensed ITS band of 5.9 GHz
(5.85-5.925 GHz). IEEE 1609 is a higher layer
standard on which IEEE 802.11p is based.
IEEE 802.11p

17. 3G/UMTS
• Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
(UMTS) is one of the emerging mobile phone
technologies known as third-generation, or 3G.
• Third-generation systems are designed to include
such traditional phone tasks as calls, voice mail,
and paging, but also new technology tasks such as
Internet access, video, and SMS, or text
messaging.

18. WiMAX
• WiMAX, the Worldwide Interoperability for
Microwave Access, is a telecommunications
technology that provides for the wireless
transmission of data in a variety of ways, ranging
from point-to-point links to full mobile cellular-
type access. The technology provides broadband
speed without the requirement of cables. The
technology is based on the IEEE 802.16 standard
(also called WirelessMAN)

19. Open Research Challenges
in VANET
• Packet delivery within the shortest time
• Suitable Routing for high dense environment
• High mobility (Speed)
• Obstacles Environment
• Network delay

20. WSN Based VANET(Wireless Sensor
Network-Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks)
• A wireless sensor network (WSN) of spatially distributed
autonomous sensors to monitor physical or environmental
conditions, such as temperature, sound, pressure, etc. and
to cooperatively pass their data through the network to a
main location.

21. WSN Applications
The applications can be divided in three categories:
1. Monitoring of objects.
2. Monitoring of an area.
3. Monitoring of both area and objects.

22. Example of WSN

23. Wireless sensor based vehicular
applications

24. Architecture of WSN based
VANET applications

25. Protocol Architecture

26. Wireless Sensor Based Hybrid Architecture for
Vehicular Ad hoc Networks
•

27. Current Research In UTM

28. • Cloud Computing refers to both the applications delivered
as services over the Internet and the hardware and
systems software in the datacenters that provide those
services.
Vehicular Cloud Computing

29. Cloud Computing in VANET

30. Benefits
• Vehicular Cloud Computing VCC emerges from the
convergence of powerful implanted vehicle resources,
advances in network mobility, ubiquitous sensing and
cloud computing.
• The combination of a massive amount of unutilized
resources on board vehicles, such as internet connectivity,
storage and computing power, can be rented or shared
with various customers over the internet, similar to the
usual cloud resources.