This Presentation is on the topic of Driver drowsiness Detection .
In this presentation We will discuss the Techniques used to detect drowsiness and compare some techniques
In the end we conclude and provide some suggestions regarding future work.
Thanks
Drowsiness State Detection of Driver using Eyelid Movement- IRE Journal Confe...Vignesh C
A presentation on Drowsiness State Detection of Driver using Eyelid Movement in IRE Journal publications in Volume 2 Issue 10 2019. In the field of automobile, drowsiness causes more setbacks, which this presentation initiate a step in finding the solution.
it is a presentation based on image processing used in the field of fatigue detection while driving which can save many life as well as prevent accident.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of
physical objects devices, vehicles, buildings and
other items embedded with electronics, software,
sensors, and network connectivity that enables
these objects to collect and exchange data.
Starting from small houses to huge industries,
surveillance plays very vital role to fulfill our
safety aspects as Burglary and theft have always
been a problem. In big industries personal security
means monitoring the people’s changing
information like activities, behavior for the purpose
of protecting, managing and influencing
confidential details. Surveillance means watching
over from a distance by means of electronic
equipment such as CCTV cameras but it is costly
for normal residents to set up such kind of system
and also it does not inform the user immediately
when the burglary happens.
This Presentation is on the topic of Driver drowsiness Detection .
In this presentation We will discuss the Techniques used to detect drowsiness and compare some techniques
In the end we conclude and provide some suggestions regarding future work.
Thanks
Drowsiness State Detection of Driver using Eyelid Movement- IRE Journal Confe...Vignesh C
A presentation on Drowsiness State Detection of Driver using Eyelid Movement in IRE Journal publications in Volume 2 Issue 10 2019. In the field of automobile, drowsiness causes more setbacks, which this presentation initiate a step in finding the solution.
it is a presentation based on image processing used in the field of fatigue detection while driving which can save many life as well as prevent accident.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of
physical objects devices, vehicles, buildings and
other items embedded with electronics, software,
sensors, and network connectivity that enables
these objects to collect and exchange data.
Starting from small houses to huge industries,
surveillance plays very vital role to fulfill our
safety aspects as Burglary and theft have always
been a problem. In big industries personal security
means monitoring the people’s changing
information like activities, behavior for the purpose
of protecting, managing and influencing
confidential details. Surveillance means watching
over from a distance by means of electronic
equipment such as CCTV cameras but it is costly
for normal residents to set up such kind of system
and also it does not inform the user immediately
when the burglary happens.
Driver drowsiness detection is a car safety technology which helps prevent accidents caused by the driver getting drowsy. Various studies have suggested that around 20% of all road accidents are fatigue-related, up to 50% on certain roads
Driver Drowsiness is a grave issue resulting in many road accidents each year. To evaluate the exact number of sleep related accidents because of the difficulties in detecting whether fatigue was a factor and in assessing the level of fatigue is not currently possible. In this paper the camera will be placed besides the rare view mirror of car in way such that it is in clear view of the frontal face of the driver. This camera will continuously capture the video of driver’s frontal face while driving. The system will detect the frontal face in the image and later the eyes. Depending upon the conditions the system will generate an alert. The focus will be on the system that will accurately monitor the open or closed state of the driver’s eyes in real-time. By monitoring the eyes, it is believed that the symptoms of driver fatigue can be detected early to avoid accidents.
This project represents a way of developing an
interface to detect driver drowsiness based on continuously
monitoring eyes and DIP algorithms. Micro sleeps that are short
period of sleeps lasting 2 to 3 seconds are good indicator of
fatigue state. Thus by continuously monitoring the eyes of the
driver by using camera one can detect the sleepy state of driver
and timely warning is issued.
Aim of the project is to develop the hardware which is very
advanced product related to driver safety on the roads using
controller and image processing. This product detects driver
drowsiness and gives warning in form of alarm and as well as
decreases the speed of vehicle.Along with the drowsiness
detection process there is continuous monitoring of the distance
done by the Ultrasonic sensor. The ultrasonic sensor detects the
obstacle and accordingly warns the driver as well as decreases
speed of vehicle.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Automated Driver Fatigue Detection and Road Accident Prevention System: An Intelligent Approach to Solve a Fatal Problem. At least 4,284 people, including 516 women and 539 children, were killed and 9,112 others were injured in 3,472 road accidents across Bangladesh in 2017. Some of those accidents could have been avoided if proper systems were implemented at the time. This project focuses on creating a system based on EEG (Electroencephalogram) and ECG (electrocardiogram) signal from driver which will alert a driver about drowsiness while driving.
Vision based system for monitoring the loss of attention in automotive driverVinay Diddi
This is a real time driver drowsiness detection system is used to alert the driver when he is drowsy. It consist of raspberry pi and OpenCV image processing library.
Drowsiness is a critical factor impairing drivers’ performance in driving safely. There are several approaches in dealing with this issue based on human-machine interaction to detect drivers’ dozing off state, and then alert them to keep awake by sound or visual. These techniques fundamentally measure driver’s physical changes such as head angle, fatigue level and eyes states which are the indicators of drowsy state. However, they are limited in providing accurate and reliable results. Therefore, the project aims to achieve higher accuracy rate of drowsiness detection by using a very potential technology, electroencephalography (EEG) which is used widely in medical areas. Other than providing reliable result, the final product would bring more conveniences for customers with portability, easy-to-deploy and multi-device compatibility feature. In this project, its methodology first shows the strong correlation between drowsy state with brainwave frequency. Then a proposed system and testing plan are suggested based on the project objectives and available technologies. The final product is simply comprised of a hat with attached small electronic package used to record brainwave and a handheld device placing on dashboard of the car with an installed app. Finally, project management section will present in detail the human resources, scheduling, budget plan and risk analysis to show how it will be going to complete the project in six months.
Real Time Eye Blinking and Yawning Detectionijtsrd
Detecting eye blink and yawning is important, for example in systems that monitor the vigilance of the human operator, eg Driver's drowsiness. Driver fatigue is one of the leading causes of the worlds deadliest road accidents. This shows that in the transport sector in particular, where a driver of heavy vehicles is often open to hours of monotonous driving which causes fatigue without frequent rest periods. It is therefore essential to design a road accident prevention system that can detect the drivers drowsiness, determine the drivers level of carelessness and warn when an imminent danger occurs. In this article, we propose a real time system that uses eye detection techniques, blinking and yawning. The system is designed as a non intrusive real time monitoring system. The priority is to improve driver safety without being intrusive. In this work, the blink of an eye and the drivers yawn are detected. If the drivers eyes remain closed for more than a certain time and the drivers mouth is open to yawning, the driver is said to be fatigue. Ohnmar Win "Real Time Eye Blinking and Yawning Detection" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28004.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/28004/real-time-eye-blinking-and-yawning-detection/ohnmar-win
With the growth in population, the occurrence of automobile accidents has also seen an
increase. A detailed analysis shows that, around half million accidents occur in a year , in India
alone. Further , around 60% of these accidents are caused due to driver fatigue. Driver fatigue
affects the driving ability in the following 3 areas, a) It impairs coordination, b) It causes longer
reaction times, and, c)It impairs judgment. Through this paper, we provide a real time
monitoring system using image processing, face/eye detection techniques. Further, to ensure
real-time computation, Haarcascade samples are used to differentiate between an eye blink and
drowsy/fatigue detection.
this presentation tells about the vehicle controll by alcohole detector,where we have ellborately designed what is an alcohole detector,how it is made,and its application in the circuit when it leads to controlling of the vehicle.
In this pape r the system used which consist of different types of sensors such as alcohol sensor,eye blink sensor,tilt sensor and also mainly used GSM modem,GPS receiver. T he eye blink sensor is used to sense the person driving the vehicle is sleeping or not. T ilt sensor is used to identify weather the vehicle is running in normal condition or not when the accident occurs . it send the information to the controller system. The Alcohol Sensor is used to sense weather the person driving the car taken Alcohol or not and this data is also given to ADC. The ADC is used i n this system because the signal comes from the Sensor are analog in nature,so we want to convert the analog signals into digital signal for this purpose ADC is used. GSM and GPS based vehicle location and tracking system will provide effective,real time vehicle location,mapping and reporting this information value.
Driver drowsiness detection is a car safety technology which helps prevent accidents caused by the driver getting drowsy. Various studies have suggested that around 20% of all road accidents are fatigue-related, up to 50% on certain roads
Driver Drowsiness is a grave issue resulting in many road accidents each year. To evaluate the exact number of sleep related accidents because of the difficulties in detecting whether fatigue was a factor and in assessing the level of fatigue is not currently possible. In this paper the camera will be placed besides the rare view mirror of car in way such that it is in clear view of the frontal face of the driver. This camera will continuously capture the video of driver’s frontal face while driving. The system will detect the frontal face in the image and later the eyes. Depending upon the conditions the system will generate an alert. The focus will be on the system that will accurately monitor the open or closed state of the driver’s eyes in real-time. By monitoring the eyes, it is believed that the symptoms of driver fatigue can be detected early to avoid accidents.
This project represents a way of developing an
interface to detect driver drowsiness based on continuously
monitoring eyes and DIP algorithms. Micro sleeps that are short
period of sleeps lasting 2 to 3 seconds are good indicator of
fatigue state. Thus by continuously monitoring the eyes of the
driver by using camera one can detect the sleepy state of driver
and timely warning is issued.
Aim of the project is to develop the hardware which is very
advanced product related to driver safety on the roads using
controller and image processing. This product detects driver
drowsiness and gives warning in form of alarm and as well as
decreases the speed of vehicle.Along with the drowsiness
detection process there is continuous monitoring of the distance
done by the Ultrasonic sensor. The ultrasonic sensor detects the
obstacle and accordingly warns the driver as well as decreases
speed of vehicle.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Automated Driver Fatigue Detection and Road Accident Prevention System: An Intelligent Approach to Solve a Fatal Problem. At least 4,284 people, including 516 women and 539 children, were killed and 9,112 others were injured in 3,472 road accidents across Bangladesh in 2017. Some of those accidents could have been avoided if proper systems were implemented at the time. This project focuses on creating a system based on EEG (Electroencephalogram) and ECG (electrocardiogram) signal from driver which will alert a driver about drowsiness while driving.
Vision based system for monitoring the loss of attention in automotive driverVinay Diddi
This is a real time driver drowsiness detection system is used to alert the driver when he is drowsy. It consist of raspberry pi and OpenCV image processing library.
Drowsiness is a critical factor impairing drivers’ performance in driving safely. There are several approaches in dealing with this issue based on human-machine interaction to detect drivers’ dozing off state, and then alert them to keep awake by sound or visual. These techniques fundamentally measure driver’s physical changes such as head angle, fatigue level and eyes states which are the indicators of drowsy state. However, they are limited in providing accurate and reliable results. Therefore, the project aims to achieve higher accuracy rate of drowsiness detection by using a very potential technology, electroencephalography (EEG) which is used widely in medical areas. Other than providing reliable result, the final product would bring more conveniences for customers with portability, easy-to-deploy and multi-device compatibility feature. In this project, its methodology first shows the strong correlation between drowsy state with brainwave frequency. Then a proposed system and testing plan are suggested based on the project objectives and available technologies. The final product is simply comprised of a hat with attached small electronic package used to record brainwave and a handheld device placing on dashboard of the car with an installed app. Finally, project management section will present in detail the human resources, scheduling, budget plan and risk analysis to show how it will be going to complete the project in six months.
Real Time Eye Blinking and Yawning Detectionijtsrd
Detecting eye blink and yawning is important, for example in systems that monitor the vigilance of the human operator, eg Driver's drowsiness. Driver fatigue is one of the leading causes of the worlds deadliest road accidents. This shows that in the transport sector in particular, where a driver of heavy vehicles is often open to hours of monotonous driving which causes fatigue without frequent rest periods. It is therefore essential to design a road accident prevention system that can detect the drivers drowsiness, determine the drivers level of carelessness and warn when an imminent danger occurs. In this article, we propose a real time system that uses eye detection techniques, blinking and yawning. The system is designed as a non intrusive real time monitoring system. The priority is to improve driver safety without being intrusive. In this work, the blink of an eye and the drivers yawn are detected. If the drivers eyes remain closed for more than a certain time and the drivers mouth is open to yawning, the driver is said to be fatigue. Ohnmar Win "Real Time Eye Blinking and Yawning Detection" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28004.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/28004/real-time-eye-blinking-and-yawning-detection/ohnmar-win
With the growth in population, the occurrence of automobile accidents has also seen an
increase. A detailed analysis shows that, around half million accidents occur in a year , in India
alone. Further , around 60% of these accidents are caused due to driver fatigue. Driver fatigue
affects the driving ability in the following 3 areas, a) It impairs coordination, b) It causes longer
reaction times, and, c)It impairs judgment. Through this paper, we provide a real time
monitoring system using image processing, face/eye detection techniques. Further, to ensure
real-time computation, Haarcascade samples are used to differentiate between an eye blink and
drowsy/fatigue detection.
this presentation tells about the vehicle controll by alcohole detector,where we have ellborately designed what is an alcohole detector,how it is made,and its application in the circuit when it leads to controlling of the vehicle.
In this pape r the system used which consist of different types of sensors such as alcohol sensor,eye blink sensor,tilt sensor and also mainly used GSM modem,GPS receiver. T he eye blink sensor is used to sense the person driving the vehicle is sleeping or not. T ilt sensor is used to identify weather the vehicle is running in normal condition or not when the accident occurs . it send the information to the controller system. The Alcohol Sensor is used to sense weather the person driving the car taken Alcohol or not and this data is also given to ADC. The ADC is used i n this system because the signal comes from the Sensor are analog in nature,so we want to convert the analog signals into digital signal for this purpose ADC is used. GSM and GPS based vehicle location and tracking system will provide effective,real time vehicle location,mapping and reporting this information value.
Under Graduation Final Year Project - Design of Steering wheel with anti-fati...Hariharan L
Road users have long been known to fall asleep whilst driving. Driving long hours can induce fatigue causing lack of concentration and occasionally road accidents. Up to 20% of fatal crashes may be linked to driver fatigue. Our model presented a low-cost and simple distributed force sensor that is particularly suitable for measuring grip force and hand position on a steering wheel. The sensor can be used in automotive active safety systems that aim at detecting driver’s fatigue, which is a major issue to prevent road accidents. The key point of our approach is to design a prototype of sensor units, so that it can serve as platform for integrating different kinds of sensors into the steering wheel.
Today, one of the biggest problems Vehicle drivers in India are facing during night is the temporary loss of vision due to the Upper beam (high beam) coming from the Vehicle in the opposite direction. Moreover, the victims of this problem are mostly the students who are the backbone of their families. We have decided to undertake this project especially because this problem has become more dominant in recent years. Over five lakh accidents take place in the country annually, out of which, 41% (Approx. 2 Lakh) are due to road mishaps during night, and 18% (Approx. 90,000) are due to the vehicle headlight glare.
This project is targeted to facilitate such buyers so that they also can follow the protocol of Road Safety. Currently there is no provision for switching the headlight beam of the vehicle, automatically in mid-range vehicles.Operated by the Synergy of a Microcontroller and a Sensor, this device is capable of automatically shifting the Upper beam of the vehicle coming from the opposite direction, to the dipper beam, thus eradicating the problem of vision loss and avoiding accidents due to it. This project addresses the solution to the problems stated above by controlling the brightness of headlights using vehicle speed. The Other objective of this project is to develop a system to keep the vehicle secure and protect it by the occupation of the intruders. This technology even better in the future.
ALCOHOL DETECTION SYSTEM USING GSM TECHNOLOGYOodit Jethwa
This project is designed by keeping in mind the accidental death caused on the roads because of the consumption of alcohol by the driver. The whole system can be employed in any steering wheel equipped motor vehicle. The system which is made as compact as possible senses the alcohol molecules present in a specific range and if found, fails the attempt of the driver to start the engine. Pushing the envelope and considering the actuality of the situation where the driver may not be able to drive, the system is interfaced with the widely used GSM technology to establish a quick cellular contact with the closest kin or with the law enforcers.
Nowadays almost most of the countries are forcing the motor ri ders to wear the helmet and not to use the vehicles when the person is in drunken condition. But st ill in many places,the rules are being violated by the users. In order to overcome this proble m,an intelligent system has been embedded in the helmet itself. The signal detected by IR sensor from the earlobe region and an alcohol sensor will be transmitted to the vehicle control cir cuit. It will not turn on the vehicle,when the user is without helmet or in drunken condition. The system containing the GPS receiver will provide the geometric coordinates to the control unit. Based on this coordinates the user cannot drive the vehicle into no entry or no parki ng areas. If he enters into the restricted area,buzzer will get activated and vehicle speed also gets controlled. In addition to the above,when an accident occurs the system will start al arm and if the user tries to suppress the warning alarm then SMS will not be sent else it wi ll be sent to the user�s relatives/friends. This contact information coded in the system can also be modified as per the users need. During the theft,the current location of the vehic le can be identified by sending the message from the user to the intelligent incorporated system. By this way the recovery of the vehicle is also possible by GPS-GSM communication.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
2. AIM
The main aim of this is to develop a drowsiness detection system by
monitoring the eyes, the symptoms of driver fatigue can be detected
early enough to avoid a vehicle accident.
3. ABSTRACT
Vehicle accidents are most common if the driving is inadequate. These happen on most
factors if the driver is drowsy or if he is alcoholic. Driver drowsiness is recognized as
an important factor which leads to enormous fatal accidents. The driver loses his control when
he falls asleep which leads to accidents. It was demonstrated that driving performance
deteriorates with increased drowsiness with resulting crashes constituting more than 20% of
all vehicle accidents. But the life lost once cannot be re-winded. Advanced technology offers
some hope avoid these up to some extent.
4. PLAN OF ACTION:
The primary purpose of drowsy driver detection system is to develop a system that can reduce a
number of accidents from sleep driving of vehicle. For the detection stage the eye blink sensor
always monitor the eye blink moments, If the monitoring is over, the collected data will be
transmitted to a microcontroller, and a microcontroller digitizes the analog data. if warning
feedback is triggered, the microcontroller makes a decision, which alert needs to be activated.
This project involves measure and controls the eye blink using IR sensor. The IR transmitter is
used to transmit the infrared rays in our eye. The IR receiver is used to receive the reflected
infrared rays of eye. If the eye is closed means the output of IR receiver is high otherwise the IR
receiver output is low. This to know the eye is closing or opening position. This output is give to
logic circuit to indicate the alarm. This project helps in controlling accidents due to
unconsciousness through Eye blink.
The second application of this project is to detect the alcohol content or any smoke from the
vehicle.
8. Components description
8051 microcontroller
The 8051 Microcontroller is one of the basic type of microcontroller,
designed by Intel in 1980’s. This microcontroller was based on Harvard
Architecture and developed primarily for use in embedded systems
technology. 4 KB on chip program memory.
128 bytes on chip data memory(RAM)
4 register banks.
128 user defined software flags.
8-bit data bus
16-bit address bus
16 bit timers (usually 2, but may have more, or less).
3 internal and 2 external interrupts.
Bit as well as byte addressable RAM area of 16 bytes.
Four 8-bit ports, (short models have two 8-bit ports).
9. 16*2 LCD(LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY)
our LCD is a 16*2 Dot matrix LCD and so it will have
(16*2=32) 32 characters in total and each character
will be made of 5*8 Pixel Dots.
Vss, Vdd, Vo are meant for the power supply
RS(REGISTER SELECT SIGNAL):Selects command register when low,
and data register when high.
R/W(READ/WRITE SELECT): Low to write to the register; High to read
from the register
ENABLE: Usually, we make it enable =0 and when we want to execute
the instruction we make it high enable=1 for some milli seconds. After this we again make it ground that is,
enable=0.
(DB0-DB3): four low order bit bidirectional three state data bus lines.
(DB4-DB7): four high order bit bidirectional three state data bus lines.
10. EYEBLINK SENSOR
The linking of eye is necessary in this project, since it is used to drive the
device and operate the events. This Eye Blink sensor is IR based which
consists of IR transmitter, The Variation Across the eye will vary as per
eye blink . If the eye is closed means the output is high otherwise output is low.
The signal is given to IR transmitter whenever the signal is high, the IR sensor
is conducting it passes the IR rays to the receiver. The IR receiver is connected to
the comparator, The comparator is connected with the operational amplifier.
The reference voltage is given to the inverting input, and the non-inverting is
given to the IR receiver.This to know the eye is closing or opening position.
This output is give to logic circuit to indicate through a message.
11. L293D Motor Driver
L293D is a typical Motor driver or Motor Driver IC which allows DC motor to drive on
either direction. L293D is a 16-pin IC which can control a set of two DC motors simultaneously in
any direction. It means that you can control two DC motor with a single L293D IC.
It works on the concept of H-bridge. H-bridge is a circuit which allows the voltage to be flown in
either direction. As you know voltage need to change its direction for being able to rotate the
motor in clockwise or anticlockwise direction, Hence H-bridge IC are ideal for driving a DC motor.
12. SIM 900 GSM MODEM:
This is a GSM/GPRS-compatible Quad-band cell phone, which works on a frequency of
850/900/1800/1900MHz and which can be used not only to
access the Internet, but also for oral communication
ALCOHOL SENSOR:
An alcohol sensor detects the attentiveness of alcohol gas in the air And an analog voltage is an output
reading.it is a sensitive device with a quick time response.
FIRE SENSOR: A flame detector is a sensor designed to detect and respond to the presence of
a flame or fire, allowing flame detection.
13. Advantages:
light weight code , Simple method.
Can work in dark, uses eyebrows monitoring.
Easy implementation due to readily available hardware and
software.
An efficient system to identify user attentiveness based on fatigue
detection.
14. CONCLUSION
About 20% of road accidents occur due to distraction of driver. Among that 30% is
due to driver fatigue. There are many methods to monitor driver and there by alert
him/her in case of distraction.
In order to reduce road accidents there is also a need to detect the causes such as
drowsiness, fatigue and to alert the driver. This survey enables to choose an efficient
method to reduce road accidents due to driver fatigue.