Cruise control systems maintain a set driving speed without driver intervention. Modern systems use electronic throttle control and sensors to monitor speed. When engaged, the cruise control actuator adjusts the throttle linkage to accelerate or decelerate the vehicle as needed to keep the set speed. Drivers can set the speed and engage/disengage cruise control using buttons on the steering wheel or controls on the turn signal stalk. Cruise control benefits long highway drives but has limitations in varying traffic or weather conditions where maintaining a constant speed is difficult.
Adaptive cruise control (ACC) provides assistance to the driver in the task of longitudinal control of their vehicle during motorway driving within limited acceleration ranges. The system controls the accelerator, engine powertrain and vehicle brakes to maintain a desired time-gap to the vehicle ahead.
Among the recent advancements in car safety technologies, the adaptive cruise control feature is one of the most important and useful. It greatly minimizes the pressure of the driver as it helps to control the speed of the car and maintains a safe distance from other cars to avoid a crash. But still, this adaptive control should not be used in bad weather conditions and in tunnels as they might not work efficiently. So, if you want to know all about the adaptive cruise control system in your car, then give some time to watch the following slide show.
Adaptive cruise control (ACC) provides assistance to the driver in the task of longitudinal control of their vehicle during motorway driving within limited acceleration ranges. The system controls the accelerator, engine powertrain and vehicle brakes to maintain a desired time-gap to the vehicle ahead.
Among the recent advancements in car safety technologies, the adaptive cruise control feature is one of the most important and useful. It greatly minimizes the pressure of the driver as it helps to control the speed of the car and maintains a safe distance from other cars to avoid a crash. But still, this adaptive control should not be used in bad weather conditions and in tunnels as they might not work efficiently. So, if you want to know all about the adaptive cruise control system in your car, then give some time to watch the following slide show.
It is all about Traction Control and its importance for car safety. The slide presentation will help you to know about the types of traction and the roles of traction control system to optimize the grip and stability of a car on the road while running. Traction definitely causes the friction on tire as well as in braking system of a car.
An overview of embedded systems in automobiles(With instructional videos)Louise Antonio
This presentation on the applications of embedded systems in automobiles focusses on the two most prevalent and sought about technologies- ABS and ACC with collison avoidance, the biggest motivation being that these technologies save lives.
the recent trends in embedded systems in automobiles and also about the basic bus of communication have been given space, and for better understanding of BUS channel,i had compared BUS to MINIMILITIA , where we play it in a hotspot network (a channel of communication to communicate among diff palyers in the same game ) similar to a BUS
and at the end a fabulous drawing distinguishing about the present days automobiles
Today, a typical automobile on the road has computer controlled electronic systems, and the most commonly used embedded systems in a vehicle include Airbags, anti-lock braking system, black box, adaptive cruise control, drive by wire, satellite radio, telematics, emission control, traction control, automatic parking, in-vehicle entertainment systems, night vision, heads up display, back up collision sensors, navigational systems, tyre pressure monitor, climate control, etc
Adaptive Cruise Control, Electronic Brake Force Distribution,Traction Control...Shubham Thakur
In this PPT All the modern controls are explained like
Adaptive Cruise Control, Electronic Brake Force Distribution,Traction Control System, Electronic Stability Control, Common Rail Direct Fuel Distribution, Turbocharged Direct Injection, Airbag
It is all about Traction Control and its importance for car safety. The slide presentation will help you to know about the types of traction and the roles of traction control system to optimize the grip and stability of a car on the road while running. Traction definitely causes the friction on tire as well as in braking system of a car.
An overview of embedded systems in automobiles(With instructional videos)Louise Antonio
This presentation on the applications of embedded systems in automobiles focusses on the two most prevalent and sought about technologies- ABS and ACC with collison avoidance, the biggest motivation being that these technologies save lives.
the recent trends in embedded systems in automobiles and also about the basic bus of communication have been given space, and for better understanding of BUS channel,i had compared BUS to MINIMILITIA , where we play it in a hotspot network (a channel of communication to communicate among diff palyers in the same game ) similar to a BUS
and at the end a fabulous drawing distinguishing about the present days automobiles
Today, a typical automobile on the road has computer controlled electronic systems, and the most commonly used embedded systems in a vehicle include Airbags, anti-lock braking system, black box, adaptive cruise control, drive by wire, satellite radio, telematics, emission control, traction control, automatic parking, in-vehicle entertainment systems, night vision, heads up display, back up collision sensors, navigational systems, tyre pressure monitor, climate control, etc
Adaptive Cruise Control, Electronic Brake Force Distribution,Traction Control...Shubham Thakur
In this PPT All the modern controls are explained like
Adaptive Cruise Control, Electronic Brake Force Distribution,Traction Control System, Electronic Stability Control, Common Rail Direct Fuel Distribution, Turbocharged Direct Injection, Airbag
“An Adaptive Cognitive System to Support the Driving Task of Vehicles of the Future"
Guest seminar presentation delivered at the Institute for Transport Studies, on 8th July 2014, by Dr Francesco Biral from te University of Trento.
The seminar introduced the concept of artificial “co-drivers” as an enabling technology for future intelligent transportation systems. The talk was divided into three parts.
In the first part the design principles of co-drivers are introduced in the more general contests of human-robot interactions. It will be clarified what are the key technologies to implement codrivers. In particular architectural issues will be discussed along with humanlike sensory-motor strategies and the emulation theory of cognition that are recognised as necessary building blocks.
In the second part the co-driver developed for the EU project interactIVe is presented as an first instantiation example of this notion and above discussed framework. Experimental examples and limitations and performance of the current implementation will be shown.
In the third part the impact of the co-driver technology is considered. In particular, it identifies a range of application fields and possible research lines.
Biography:
Francesco Biral is Associate Professor of Mechanism and Machine Theory at the University of Trento where he is responsible of the courses of "Modelling and Simulation of Mechanical Systems" and "Vehicle Dynamics and Control" in the Master Course of Mechatronics Engineering.
He received his Diploma (M.Sc.) in Mechanical Engineering and his Doctorate (Ph.D.) in Mechanism and Machine Theory, in 1997 and 2000, respectively, both from the University of Padova, Italy. From 2000-2002 he was a Postdoctoral Researcher at Department of Mechanical and Structural Engineering of Trento University.
From 2002-August 2012 he was Assistant Professor at University of Trento. Since september 2012 he is Associate Professor. Francesco Biral research interests include symbolic and numerical modelling and simulation of dynamical system (mainly ground vehicles), and efficient solution of optimal control problems for driver/rider modelling and development of safety systems for intelligent vehicles. In these fields he carried out a variety of theoretical and experimental research activities with a multidisciplinary approach within the scope of both international and industrial funded projects. In the last 10 years, he actively participated to a total of 8 granted projects and 5 industrial research project and was coordinator of EU FP7 SAFERIDER Project for University of Trento and of some industrial research projects.
PID Control of True Integrating Processes - Greg McMillan DeminarJim Cahill
Presented August 11, 2010 by Greg McMillan as on-line demo/seminar. Video recording available at: http://www.screencast.com/users/JimCahill/folders/Public
Manufacturing Auto Seat Covers Interior Trim SCHWABE USA die cutting capabil...John Cullen
SCHWABE USA hydraulic presses are used in the production of Automotive Interior and Trim Cover Parts and Applications across the world:
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Introduction to Embedded C for 8051 and Implementation of Timer and Interrupt...Sivaranjan Goswami
In this tutorial first an introduction to Embedded C is given. A few examples are shown. Then the implementation of timer and interrupt are discussed.
For more tutorials visit:
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With ABS system, the driver can brake hard, take the evasive action and still be in control of the vehicle in any road condition at any speed and under any load.
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The Cherry Blossom season in Hunza begins in the second week of March and lasts until the end of April, varying with altitude. During this enchanting period, tourists from around the world flock to Hunza Valley to witness its transformation into a vibrant tapestry of white, pink, and green. The valley comes alive with cherry blossoms, creating a picturesque and mesmerizing landscape that captivates visitors.
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During the coldest months, Italy transforms into a winter wonderland, providing visitors with a very unique experience. From the Settimana Bianca ski event to the lively Carnevale celebrations, Italy's winter festivities provide something for everyone. Enjoy hot cocoa, eat hearty comfort foods, and buy during winter deals. Explore the country's rich cultural past by participating in Settimana Bianca, and Carnevale, sipping hot chocolate, shopping during winter deals, and indulging in winter comfort foods. Visit our website https://timeforsicily.com/ for more information.
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Antarctica- Icy wilderness of extremes and wondertahreemzahra82
In this presentation, we delve into the captivating realm of Antarctica, Earth's southernmost continent. This icy wilderness stands as a testament to extremes, with record-breaking cold temperatures and vast expanses of pristine ice. Antarctica's landscape is dominated by towering glaciers, colossal icebergs, and expansive ice shelves. Yet, amidst this frozen expanse, a rich tapestry of unique wildlife thrives, including penguins, seals, and seabirds, all finely attuned to survive in this harsh environment. Beyond its natural wonders, Antarctica also serves as a vital hub for scientific exploration, providing invaluable insights into climate change and the Earth's history
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TRAVEL TO MT. RWENZORI NATIONAL PARK WITH NILE ABENTEUER SAFARIS.docxnileabenteuersafaris
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2. WHAT IS CRUISE CONTROL ?
Cruise control is a system to accurately maintain the
driver's desired set speed, with out intervention from
the driver, by actuating the throttle-accelerator pedal
linkage.
Also sometimes known as speed control or
autocruise.
The system takes over the throttle of the car to
maintain a steady speed as set by the driver.
3. HISTORY
Speed control with a centrifugal governor was used in
automobiles as early as the 1910s.
That technology was invented by James
Watt and Matthew Boulton in 1788 to control steam
engines. The governor adjusts the throttle position as
the speed of the engine changes with different loads.
4. HISTORY
Modern cruise control was invented in 1945 by
mechanical engineer Ralph Teetor. His idea was born
out of the frustration of riding in a car driven by his
lawyer, who kept speeding up and slowing down.
This system calculated ground speed based
on driveshaft rotations and used a solenoid to vary
throttle position as needed.
But a 1955 U.S. Patent for a "Constant Speed Regulator"
was filed in by Frank J. Riley.
5. THEORY OF OPERATION
The driver can set the cruise control with the cruise switches,
usually ON, OFF, RESUME, SET/ACCEL and COAST, that are located in
the steering wheel spokes or on the edge of the hub ( HONDA vehicles )
or on turn signal stalk ( GENERAL MOTORS ).
The ON and OFF buttons don't actually do much. Hitting the ON button
does not do anything except tell the car that you might be hitting
another button soon. The OFF button turns the cruise control off even if
it is engaged. Some cruise controls don't have these buttons; instead,
they turn off when the driver hits the brakes, and turn on when the
driver hits the set button.
The SET/ACCEL button tells the car to maintain the speed you are
currently driving. If you hit the set button at 45 mph, the car will
maintain your speed at 45 mph. Holding down the SET / ACCEL button
will make the car accelerate; and on this car, tapping it once will make
the car go 1 mph faster. Hit the button five times to go 5 mph faster.
6. THEORY OF OPERATION
If you recently disengaged the cruise control by hitting the
brake pedal, hitting the RESUME button will command the
car to accelerate back to the most recent speed setting.
Holding down the COAST button will cause the car to
decelerate, just as if you took your foot completely off the
gas. On this car, tapping the coast button once will cause the
car to slow down by 1 mph.
The brake pedal and clutch pedal each have a switch that
disengages the cruise control as soon as the pedal is
pressed, So you can disengage the cruise control with a
light tap on the brake or clutch.
10. HOW IT WORKS ?
The cruise control system controls the speed of car the
same way , by adjusting the throttle position. But
cruise control actuates the throttle valve by a cable
connected to an actuator, instead of by pressing a
pedal.
Most systems do not allow the use of the cruise control
below 25 mph speed (40 kmph)
11. HOW IT WORKS ?
The vehicle will maintain the desired speed by pulling
the throttle cable with a solenoid, a vacuum driven
servomechanism, or by using the electronic systems
built into the vehicle (fully electronic) if it uses a 'drive-
by-wire' system.
The cruise control takes its speed signal from a
rotating driveshaft, speedometer cable,wheel speed
sensor from the engine's RPM or from internal speed
pulses produced electronically by the vehicle.
12. HOW IT WORKS ?
On the latest vehicles fitted with electronic throttle
control, cruise control can be easily integrated into the
vehicle's engine management system.
Modern "adaptive" systems include the ability to
automatically reduce speed when the distance to a car
in front, or the speed limit, decreases. This is an
advantage for those driving in unfamiliar areas.
13. HOW IT WORKS ?
Cruise control is not lane control and again it is the
drivers responsibility to maintain lane.
Cruise control cannot see obstacles, therefore it is the
drivers responsibility to break for objects, other
vehicles, stop signs, lights.
14. SYSTEM COMPONENTS
Vehicle's Speed Sensor :
The Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) is mounted to the
transmission and provides a low voltage Alternating
Current (AC) signal to the Cruise Control Module
(CCM).
The CCM converts the AC signal to a pulse width
modulated Direct Current (DC) signal, which is sent to
the cruise control module at a rate of 4000 pulses per
mile.
15. SYSTEM COMPONENTS
Cruise Control Module:
The cruise control module has to do three things:
First it remembers the speed you set. It stores this set
speed until you change it or turn off the ignition.
Next it takes the speed signal from the vehicle speed sensor
and compares it to the set speed.
Lastly it sends pulse signals to the actuator. The actuator
will move the throttle linkage to bring the vehicle up to the
set speed and then modulate vacuum to maintain that
speed.
16. SYSTEM COMPONENTS
Actuator :
The actuator is what actually moves the throttle linkage.
It is most often vacuum operated although some
actuators are electrically controlled with small, stepper
type motors.
The actuator moves the linkage as directed by the cruise
control module until the set speed has been achieved. It
then maintains this speed by controlling the amount of
vacuum. It actually modulates the vacuum as the pulses
from the control module direct.
17. SYSTEM COMPONENTS
Brake Switch :
A cruise control release switch and a stop lamp switch,
mounted on the brake pedal bracket disengage the
system electrically when the brake pedal is pressed.
This is accomplished by interrupting the flow of
current to the cruise control module. The cruise speed
of the vehicle at brake actuation will be stored in the
cruise control module memory.
18. SYSTEM COMPONENTS
Clutch Switch :
In addition to the brake switch, a vehicle with a manual
transmission has a switch very similar to the brake
switch and disengages the cruise control system when
the clutch pedal is depressed.
Throttle Linkage :
The actual mechanical connection between the cruise
control actuator and the engine throttle .
20. CONTROLLING CRUISE CONTROL
In the picture above, you can see two cables connected
to a pivot that moves the throttle valve. One cable
comes from the accelerator pedal, and one from the
actuator.
When the cruise control is engaged, the actuator moves
the cable connected to the pivot, which adjusts the
throttle; but it also pulls on the cable that is connected
to the gas pedal -- this is why your pedal moves up and
down when the cruise control is engaged.
22. CONTROLLING CRUISE CONTROL
The brain of a cruise control system is a small computer
that is normally found behind the dashboard which
connects the sensors.
A good cruise control system accelerates aggressively to
the desired speed without overshooting, and then
maintains that speed with little deviation no matter how
much weight is in the car, or how steep the hill you drive up.
When the cruise control is engaged, the throttle can
still be used to accelerate the car, but once the pedal is
released the car will then slow down until it reaches
the previously set speed.
23. CONTROLLING CRUISE CONTROL
Controlling the speed of a car is a classic application
of control system theory.
The most important input is the speed signal; the
cruise control system does a lot with this signal by
a proportional control.
In a proportional control system, the cruise control
adjusts the throttle proportional to the error, the
error being the difference between the desired speed
and the actual speed.
24. CONTROLLING CRUISE CONTROL
Example:
If the cruise control is set at 60 mph and the car is going 50
mph, the throttle position will be open quite far.
When the car is going 55 mph, the throttle position
opening will be only half of what it was before. The result is
that the closer the car gets to the desired speed, the slower
it accelerates. Also, if you were on a steep enough hill,
the car might not accelerate at all.
25. Calculation behind throttle valve
Most cruise control systems use a control scheme
called proportional-integral-derivative control ( PID control )
The integral of speed is distance.
The derivative of speed is acceleration.
A PID control system uses three factors - proportional, integral
and derivative, calculating each individually and adding them
to get the throttle position.
This proportional factor helps the car deal with hills, and also
helps it settle into the correct speed and stay there. Taking an
Example : Car when it starts to go up a hill and slows down.
26. Calculation behind throttle valve
The proportional control increases the throttle a little,
but you may still slow down. After a little while, the
integral control will start to increase the throttle,
opening it more and more, because the longer the car
maintains a speed slower than the desired speed, the
larger the distance error gets.
Derivative factor helps the cruise control respond
quickly to changes, such as hills. If the car starts to
slow down, the cruise control respond by increasing
the throttle position.
27. WHAT CAN GO WRONG
Since each manufacturer has slightly different cruise
control systems, specific troubleshooting procedures
will vary.
Below factors can stop working of Cruise Control :
1. Broken Wire
2. Blown Fuse
3. Leaking Vacuum Line
4. Failure of Speed sensor
28. Advantages & Disadvantages
Its usefulness for long drives (reducing driver fatigue, improving
comfort by allowing positioning changes more safely) across
highways and sparsely populated straight roads. This usually
results in better fuel efficiency.
Some drivers use it to avoid unconsciously violating speed
limits.
In congested traffic conditions, where speeds vary widely, these
systems are no longer effective.
When used during inclement weather or while driving on wet
or snow- and/or ice-covered roads, the vehicle could go into a
skid. Because Stepping on the brake — such as to disengage the
cruise control , could result in the driver losing control of the
vehicle.
29. Driving over "rolling" terrain, with gentle up and down
portions, can usually be done more economically by a
skilled driver than cruise system, by maintaining a
relatively constant throttle position.
Cruise control will tend to over throttle on the upgrades
and retard on the downgrades, wasting the energy
storage capabilities available from the inertia of the
vehicle.
The lack of need to maintain constant pedal pressure,
which can help lead to accidents caused by highway
hypnosis .