Soldering and Brazing are an integral part of dentistry, especially in prosthodontics and crown and bridge procedure. it is also used in implant-supported prosthetics.

1. JOINING PROCESSES
SOLDERING AND
BRAZING
Presented By:
JOGA YOGESH :170101161037

2. Introduction
 Soldering and brazing
provide permanent joint
to bond metal pieces.
 Soldering and brazing
process lie some where
in between fusion
welding and solid state
Welding.

3. Soldering
Definition:-
The joining of metals using a filler material of a lower
melting point than that of the parent metals to be
joined.
SOLDERING TYPES AND MODERN SOLDERINGS
 AC 220V Soldering.
 Dc 12 to 48v soldering.
 Normal soldering .
 Hybrid soldering stations.
 Soldering guns.
 Consumable filler rod soldering.
 Automatic soldering.
 CNC soldering.

4. Soldering Process
THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF SOLDERING PROCESS
 Heat both items by applying the
soldering iron to the copper pad and the
component lead.
 Continue heating and apply a few
millimetres of solder. Remove the iron and
allow the solder joint to cool naturally.
 It only takes a second or two to make the
perfect joint, which should appear shiny.

5. A Good Solder Joint
THOSE ARE USED IN VARIOUS JOINING WORKS
 Smooth
 Shiny
 Clean
 Concave fillet

6. Bad Solder Connections

7. Soldering Tools
 Vise
 Safety Glasses
 Solder Sucker
 Solder Tool
 Diagonal Cutters
 Nose Pliers
 Solder
 Solder Wick
 Damp Sponge
 Soldering Iron

8. Solder
SOLDER
• Solder is an alloy of Tin and Lead.
• The solder used for electronics is frequently called
60/40 solder because it is made of 63% tin and 37% lead.
• 60/40 solder melts at 361C F.
• Multi-core solder is the usual
form for electrical work.
TINNING PROCESS
 Apply Solder to Iron Tip.
 Roll Tip on Damp sponge.
 Properly Tinned soldering iron
Tip.

9. MODERN SOLDERING EQUIPMENT
 CNC
 SOLDER GUN
 CONSUMED FILLER ROD
WHAT IS FLUX?
 Flux is a chemical compound.
 Is applied and shields the joint surface from air
and prevents oxide formation.
 Although flux will dissolve and
absorb oxides.

10. WHAT IS LEAD?
LEAD specifications
The most popular combination is 60% tin, 39% lead, and 1% alloys.
This combination is strong, has a low melting range, and melts and
sets quickly. A higher tin composition gives the solder higher
corrosion resistances, but raises the melting point
solder melting point
Soft solder typically has a melting point range of 90 to 450 °C (190 to 840 °F;
360 to 720 K), and is commonly used in electronics, plumbing, and sheet
metal work. Alloys that melt between 180 and 190 °C (360 and 370 °F; 450
and 460 K) are the most commonly used.

11. Soldering Iron Care & Maintenance
• A soldering iron must be coated with a thin coat of solder. This will allow for the transfer
of heat to the work piece. This procedure is called tinning.
• The tip must be kept coated with a shiny layer of solder by occasional wiping and
applying solder directly tooth tip.

12. Applications
 Soldering is use in electronics and in jewellery metalwork.
 Some refrigeration components are often assembled and repaired by the higher
temperature silver soldering process.
 It can also be used as a semi-permanent patch for a leak in a container or cooking vessel.
 Electronic soldering connects electrical wiring and electronic components to printed
circuit boards (PCBs)

13. Advantages of Soldering
1. Low power is required.
2. Low process temperature.
3. Microstructure is not affected by heat.
4. Easily automated process.
5. Dissimilar materials may be joined.
6. High variety of materials may be joined.
7. Thin wall parts may be joined.

14. Disadvantages of soldering
1. Large sections cannot be joined.
2. Fluxes may contain toxic components.
3. Soldering joints can not be used in high
temperature applications.
4. Low strength of joints.
5. Careful removal of the flux residuals is required in
order to prevent corrosion.

15. Brazing
 Brazing is when a filler metal or alloy is heated to its melting temperature above 450 °C.
 In this case only filler metal melts, there is no melting of work piece metal.

16. Brazing Process and Types
 In a brazing operation, you apply heat broadly to the base
metals.
 The filler metal is drawn through the joint to create this bond
is capillary action..
TYPES OF BRAZING
 Torch Brazing
 Furnace Brazing
 Induction Brazing
 Dip Brazing

17. Torch Brazing
Flux is applied to the part surfaces and a torch is used to focus
flame against the work at the joint. A reducing flame is used to
prevent the oxidation.

18. Furnace Brazing
Furnace Brazing used to heat the work pieces to be
joined by brazing operation. The component parts and
brazing metal are loaded into a furnace, heated to
Brazing temperature, and then cooled and removed.

19. Induction Brazing
A process that uses electrical resistance of work piece and high frequency current induced
into the same as a source of heat generation. The parts are pre-loaded with filler metal and
placed in a high frequency AC field.

20. Dip Brazing
Assembled parts are typically dipped in a heated chemical bath which serve as both fluxing agent
and heat source to melt pre-applied filler material.

21. Brazing Tools
 Fatigue Resistance.
 Rector seal Flux Solder.
 Mudder Silver Solder Wire.
 Brazing Rods By Blue Demon.
 Braze Torch.
 Feeler.
 Tungsten Carbide Tipped Blades.
 Base metals overheated and soot/fumes forming.

22. Brazing Welds

23. Advantages of brazing
 Brazing is used to bond a variety of metals, dissimilar metals and even non-metals
(e.g., metalized ceramics)
 Component tolerances maintained more accurately than welding. Brazing does not melt the
base metal; it allows a much stricter control of the tolerances.
 They produced a clean joint; the completed joint requires little or no finishing. It is profitable be
cause it does not require an expensive secondary operation.
 Corrosion resistance joints obtained by this method.
 Brazing preserves metallurgical characteristics of material because low temperatures.
 There is no arc or spark. The uniform heating of a welding part in the brazing process helps to
minimize thermal distortion.
 Thin sheets and pipes that cannot be joined by welding can be joined by brazing.
 Provide excellent sealing as compared to spot welding, riveting and bolt fastening.
 Brazing processes can be easy to automate for bulk production.

24. Disadvantages of brazing
 The joints are not effective at higher temperatures. Because the low
melting point of filler material.
 The colour of the joint is often different from that of the base metal
that create an aesthetic disadvantage.
 Weak joint as compared to welding.
 Metal to join must very close to ensure capillary action of molten filler
metal.
 Need a flux during brazing and flux residue must be removed.
 The job size is limited - large plates of metal can't braze.

25. THANK YOU…
Presented By:
Joga Yogesh