Welding is a process that joins materials by heating them to melt or soften them and allowing them to cool, producing a permanent bond. It is used to join metal components in industries like automotive, aerospace, shipbuilding and more. There are several types of welding including arc welding, gas welding, resistance welding, and newer processes like laser beam and electron beam welding. Arc welding, which uses an electric arc to generate heat and join metals, is the most common welding method.
This Presentation covers the Basic concepts of Gas welding and Gas cutting. For more information, please refer the books mentioned in the references slide.... Thank you
This Presentation covers the Basic concepts of Gas welding and Gas cutting. For more information, please refer the books mentioned in the references slide.... Thank you
Carburzing and Different Types of CarburzingMelwin Dmello
This Presentation covers the Basic concepts of Carburzing and Different Types of Carburzing in a easy version. For more information, please refer the books mentioned in the references slide.... Thank you
The cold welding process is one of the major welding processes that commonly used in engineering applications. There are several sub-categories of cold welding processes.
Thanks for the colleagues who give this slides to publish.
Metal Joining Processes: Welding, Riveting, Bolting, Brazing, SolderingJJ Technical Solutions
The presentation is a mechanical engineering presentation on the basics of metal joining processes. The basics of metal joining processes such as welding, riveting is explained in detail.
ACETYLENE SAFETY & ACETYLENE PROCESS HAZARDSHashim Badat
Initially, this presentation was prepared and used as a training tool for Engineers and Process Technicians who worked on the Chemical process where acetylene was used as one of the raw materials. However, for the purpose of sharing it on this forum, it has been modified to include additional sections e.g. Basic chemistry, Acetylene manufacturing, etc.
Carburzing and Different Types of CarburzingMelwin Dmello
This Presentation covers the Basic concepts of Carburzing and Different Types of Carburzing in a easy version. For more information, please refer the books mentioned in the references slide.... Thank you
The cold welding process is one of the major welding processes that commonly used in engineering applications. There are several sub-categories of cold welding processes.
Thanks for the colleagues who give this slides to publish.
Metal Joining Processes: Welding, Riveting, Bolting, Brazing, SolderingJJ Technical Solutions
The presentation is a mechanical engineering presentation on the basics of metal joining processes. The basics of metal joining processes such as welding, riveting is explained in detail.
ACETYLENE SAFETY & ACETYLENE PROCESS HAZARDSHashim Badat
Initially, this presentation was prepared and used as a training tool for Engineers and Process Technicians who worked on the Chemical process where acetylene was used as one of the raw materials. However, for the purpose of sharing it on this forum, it has been modified to include additional sections e.g. Basic chemistry, Acetylene manufacturing, etc.
Welding Processes
Two Categories of Welding Processes
Arc Welding
Resistance Welding
Oxy-fuel Gas Welding
Other Fusion Welding Processes
Solid State Welding
Shielded Metal Arc Welding
Gas Metal Arc Welding
Flux‑Cored Arc Welding
Electro gas Welding
Submerged Arc Welding
Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) or TIG
Resistant Welding
Brazing and Soldering
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
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Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
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Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
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Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdf
Welding 2
1. – Welding is a materials joining process which
produces coalescence of materials by heating
them to suitable temperatures with or without the
application of pressure or by the application of
pressure alone, and with or without the use of filler
material.
– Welding is used for making permanent joints.
– It is used in the manufacture of automobile bodies, aircraft
frames, railway wagons, machine frames, structural works,
tanks, furniture, boilers, general repair work and ship
building.
WELDING
2. TYPES
• Plastic Welding or Pressure Welding
The piece of metal to be joined are heated to a
plastic state and forced together by external pressure
(Ex) Resistance welding
• Fusion Welding or Non-Pressure
Welding
The material at the joint is heated to a molten state and allowed
to solidify
(Ex) Gas welding, Arc welding
3. Classification of welding processes:
(i). Arc welding
• Carbon arc
• Metal arc
• Metal inert gas
• Tungsten inert gas
• Plasma arc
• Submerged arc
• Electro-slag
(ii). Gas Welding
• Oxy-acetylene
• Air-acetylene
• Oxy-hydrogen
(iii). Resistance Welding
• Butt
• Spot
• Seam
• Projection
• Percussion
(iv)Thermit Welding
(v)Solid State Welding
Friction
Ultrasonic
Diffusion
Explosive
(vi)Newer Welding
Electron-beam
Laser
(vii)Related Process
Oxy-acetylene cutting
Arc cutting
Hard facing
Brazing
Soldering
4. Arc welding
• Equipments:
• A welding generator (D.C.) or Transformer (A.C.)
• Two cables- one for work and one for electrode
• Electrode holder
• Electrode
• Protective shield
• Gloves
• Wire brush
• Chipping hammer
• Goggles
7. Arc Welding
Uses an electric arc to coalesce
metals
Arc welding is the most common
method of welding metals
Electricity travels from electrode
to base metal to ground
9. Arc welding
Advantages
– Most efficient way to join
metals
– Lowest-cost joining method
– Affords lighter weight
through better utilization of
materials
– Joins all commercial metals
– Provides design flexibility
Limitations
• Manually applied, therefore
high labor cost.
• Need high energy causing
danger
• Not convenient for
disassembly.
• Defects are hard to detect at
joints.
10. Comparison of A.C. and D.C. arc welding
Alternating Current (from Transformer)
More efficiency
Power consumption less
Cost of equipment is less
Higher voltage – hence not safe
Not suitable for welding non ferrous metals
Not preferred for welding thin sections
Any terminal can be connected to the work or electrode
11. Comparison of A.C. and D.C. arc welding
Direct Current (from Generator)
Less efficiency
Power consumption more
Cost of equipment is more
Low voltage – safer operation
suitable for both ferrous non ferrous metals
preferred for welding thin sections
Positive terminal connected to the work
Negative terminal connected to the electrode
12. GAS WELDING
• Sound weld is obtained by selecting proper size of flame, filler
material and method of moving torch
• The temperature generated during the process is 33000
c
• When the metal is fused, oxygen from the atmosphere and the torch
combines with molten metal and forms oxides, results defective
weld
• Fluxes are added to the welded metal to remove oxides
• Common fluxes used are made of sodium, potassium. Lithium and
borax.
• Flux can be applied as paste, powder,liquid.solid coating or gas.
13. GAS WELDING EQUIPMENT...
1. Gas Cylinders
Pressure
Oxygen – 125 kg/cm2
Acetylene – 16 kg/cm2
2. Regulators
Working pressure of oxygen 1 kg/cm2
Working pressure of acetylene 0.15 kg/cm2
Working pressure varies depends upon the thickness of the
work pieces welded.
3. Pressure Gauges
4. Hoses
5. Welding torch
6. Check valve
7. Non return valve
15. TYPES OF FLAMES…
• Oxygen is turned on, flame immediately changes into a long white
inner area (Feather) surrounded by a transparent blue envelope is
called Carburizing flame (30000
c)
• Addition of little more oxygen give a bright whitish cone surrounded
by the transparent blue envelope is called Neutral flame (It has a
balance of fuel gas and oxygen) (32000
c)
• Used for welding steels, aluminium, copper and cast iron
• If more oxygen is added, the cone becomes darker and more
pointed, while the envelope becomes shorter and more fierce is
called Oxidizing flame
• Has the highest temperature about 34000
c
• Used for welding brass and brazing operation
16. Three basic types of oxyacetylene flames used in oxyfuel-gas welding
and cutting operations: (a) neutral flame; (b) oxidizing flame; (c)
carburizing, or reducing flame.
17. Three basic types of oxyacetylene flames used in oxyfuel-gas welding and
cutting operations:
(a) neutral flame; (b) oxidizing flame; (c) carburizing, or reducing flame.
18. • Ferrous metal is heated in to red hot condition and a jet of pure
oxygen is projected onto the surface, which rapidly oxidizes
• Oxides having lower melting point than the metal, melt and are
blown away by the force of the jet, to make a cut
• Fast and efficient method of cutting steel to a high degree of
accuracy
• Torch is different from welding
• Cutting torch has preheat orifice and one central orifice for
oxygen jet
• PIERCING and GOUGING are two important operations
• Piercing, used to cut a hole at the centre of the plate or away
from the edge of the plate
• Gouging, to cut a groove into the steel surface
GAS CUTTING
21. Brazing and Soldering• Brazing
It is a low temperature joining process. It is performed at
temperatures above 840º F and it generally affords strengths
comparable to those of the metal which it joins. It is low
temperature in that it is done below the melting point of the base
metal. It is achieved by diffusion without fusion (melting) of the base
Brazing can be classified as
Torch brazing
Dip brazing
Furnace brazing
Induction brazing
23. Advantages
& Disadvantages
Advantages
• Dissimilar metals which canot be welded can be joined by brazing
• Very thin metals can be joined
• Metals with different thickness can be joined easily
• In brazing thermal stresses are not produced in the work piece.
Hence there is no distortion
• Using this process, carbides tips are brazed on the steel tool
holders
Disadvantages
• Brazed joints have lesser strength compared to welding
• Joint preparation cost is more
• Can be used for thin sheet metal sections
24. Soldering
• It is a low temperature joining
process. It is performed at
temperatures below 840ºF for
joining.
• Soldering is used for,
• Sealing, as in automotive
radiators or tin cans
• Electrical Connections
• Joining thermally sensitive
components
• Joining dissimilar metals