Solar collector : A device designed to absorb incident solar radiation and to transfer the energy to a fluid passing in contact with it, usually liquid or air.
Flat – Plate Collector : A typical flat-plate collector is an insulated metal box with a glass or plastic cover (called the glazing) and a dark-colored absorber plate. These collectors heat liquid or air at temperatures less than 180°F.
Fabrication and analysis of passive type Solar Water Heating System.
The system is manufactured in the workshop of Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering,Science and Technology for fulfillment of my Bachelor Engineering Degree.
The system was successful by which good results ontained in winter season through thermosiphon water heating process with 40% efficiency.
Solar Energy Storage:-
Methods of storage such as sensible, latent heat &
thermochemical storage,selection of method of storage,
properties of storage materials and different arrangements of
storages
solar water heating system - types and mechanismlee shin
solar is one of the trending technology getting into use which reduces the utility bills and bring more beneficial factor through its eco friendly method
Drying is the oldest preservation technique of agricultural products and it is an energy intensive process. High prices and shortages of fossil fuels have increased the emphasis on using alternative renewable energy resources. Drying of agricultural products using renewable energy such as solar energy is environmental friendly and has less environmental impact.
Due to the current trends towards higher cost of fossil fuels and uncertainty regarding future cost
and availability, use of solar energy in food processing will probably increase and become more
economically feasible in the near future.The solar dryer is one of them which help to preserve our food and many eatable things like vegetable fruits and many more things
Solar collector : A device designed to absorb incident solar radiation and to transfer the energy to a fluid passing in contact with it, usually liquid or air.
Flat – Plate Collector : A typical flat-plate collector is an insulated metal box with a glass or plastic cover (called the glazing) and a dark-colored absorber plate. These collectors heat liquid or air at temperatures less than 180°F.
Fabrication and analysis of passive type Solar Water Heating System.
The system is manufactured in the workshop of Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering,Science and Technology for fulfillment of my Bachelor Engineering Degree.
The system was successful by which good results ontained in winter season through thermosiphon water heating process with 40% efficiency.
Solar Energy Storage:-
Methods of storage such as sensible, latent heat &
thermochemical storage,selection of method of storage,
properties of storage materials and different arrangements of
storages
solar water heating system - types and mechanismlee shin
solar is one of the trending technology getting into use which reduces the utility bills and bring more beneficial factor through its eco friendly method
Drying is the oldest preservation technique of agricultural products and it is an energy intensive process. High prices and shortages of fossil fuels have increased the emphasis on using alternative renewable energy resources. Drying of agricultural products using renewable energy such as solar energy is environmental friendly and has less environmental impact.
Due to the current trends towards higher cost of fossil fuels and uncertainty regarding future cost
and availability, use of solar energy in food processing will probably increase and become more
economically feasible in the near future.The solar dryer is one of them which help to preserve our food and many eatable things like vegetable fruits and many more things
Home automation systems provide a centralized control and monitoring function for heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC), lighting and physical security systems. The central control panel and various household devices such as security sensors and alarm systems are connected with each other to form a mesh network over wireless or wired communication links and act as a “smart home”. As you arrive home, the system can automatically open the garage door, unlock the front door and disable the alarm, light the downstairs, and turn on the TV. According to a study by the consulting firm AMA Research, in 2011, the UK home automation market was worth around £65 million with 12% increase on the previous year. The total number of home automation system installations in the UK is estimated to be 189000 by now. The home automation market in the US was worth approximately $3.2 billion in 2010 and is expected to exceed $5.5 billion in 2016.
Zigbee and Z-wave wireless communication protocols are the most common used RF technology in home automation systems. Zigbee is based on an open specification (IEEE 802.15.4) and has been the subject of several academic and practical security researches. Z-wave is a proprietary wireless protocol that works in the Industrial, Scientific and Medical radio band (ISM). It transmits on the 868.42 MHz (Europe) and 908.42MHz (United States) frequencies designed for low-bandwidth data communications in embedded devices such as security sensors, alarms and home automation control panels. Unlike Zigbee, no public security research on Z-Wave protocol was available before our work. Z-wave protocol was only mentioned once during a DefCon 2011 talk when the presenter pointed the possibility of capturing the AES key exchange phase without a demonstration.
The Z-Wave protocol is gaining momentum against the Zigbee protocol with regards to home automation. This is partly due to a faster, and somewhat simpler, development process. Another benefit is that it is less subjected to signal interference compared to the Zigbee protocol, which operates on the widely populated 2.4 GHz band shared by both Bluetooth and Wi-Fi devices.
Z-wave chips have 128-bit AES crypto engines, which are used by access control systems, such as door locks, for authenticated packet encryption. An open source implementation of the Z-wave protocol stack, openzwave , is available but it does not support the encryption part as of yet. Our talk will show how the Z-Wave protocol can be subjected to attacks.
Principles, Classification and Selection of Solar DryersiMentor Education
A comprehensive review of the fundamental principles governing the drying process with classification of the practically realized various designs and selection of solar
dryers for drying of agricultural and marine products has been presented. The classification clearly illustrates that the solar dryer designs can be grouped systematically according to their operating temperature ranges, heating
sources/modes and operational modes. It is difficult to have one single criteria for the selection of a solar dryer for a specific region or a product as solar insolation and other parameters change frequently with geographical location, however the general rules of thumb are mentioned to assist in making the final selection. The final selection is generally based on the available insolation rate, production
throughput, flexibility requirements, cost of fuel to run accessories as well as on the experience and judgment of the fabricator. As the solar dryer has a long life of about 20-40 years, the effect of a poor design can have a long-term impact on the economic health of the dryer.
Multiple protocols have been positioned as “the” application-layer messaging protocol for the Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication. In fact, these protocols address different aspects of IoT messaging and are complementary more than competitive (other than for mindshare). This presentation compares two of these protocols, MQTT and DDS, and shows how they are designed and optimized for different communication requirements.
Icarus design is a Design firm offering services in Industrial design and Branding.
We have been working on several socially relevant projects that we wish to upload here.
These projects are in progress and we are looking for people or organisations to collaborate for this development.
Food Preservation by Drying - Premraja N.pptxPremraja N
This Presentation contains Information and knowledge about various drying methods for Food preservation for enhancing the shelf life of food by lowering the water activity.
various drying methods including, CONVECTIVE DRYING,AIR DRYING,FLUIDIZED BED DRYER,SPRAY DRYERS,
DIELECTRIC DRYING,
Ohmic heating, CABINET DRYER etc.
Performance Evaluation of a Developed Multipurpose Solar Dryerijtsrd
Post harvest losses in developing countries have contributed to the unavailability of foodstuff. Estimation of these losses is generally cited to be of the order of 4 but under very adverse conditions, it is estimated as high as 100 . A significant percentage of these losses are related to improper and or untimely preservation of foodstuffs. This research work is therefore aimed at developing a multipurpose solar dryer. The solar dryer consists mainly of solar collector and dryer chamber compartment. The materials used in this research work include based frame, transparent fiberglass cover, an absorber oven baked Aluminium , thermometer, wire gauze, etc. The frame was constructed from a wood bars with a dimension of 900 mm x 900 mm x 600 mm. The dryer chamber is a truncated rectangle and it comprises of a double walls made up of a plain ply board measuring 800 mm x 800 mm x by 500 mm with a transparent fiberglass cover inclined at an angle of 15o. Three different samples namely sample A sliced plantains , sample B sliced yams , and sample C fish were used for test performance evaluation of the developed multipurpose solar dryer. The results obtained reveal that overall heat energy transfer coefficient of 4.91w m0C, dryer chamber rate of 0.654 kg hr., and dryer chamber area of 0.659 m2 were required by the solar dryer. Besides, the solar dryer dried the three samples used in this research work within duration of 8 hours i.e., 9am 5pm . The maximum solar chamber dryer temperature and ambient temperature were recorded as 55.00 oC and 35.46 oC respectively. Besides, the minimum lower temperature values recorded were obtained as 40.45 oC for solar chamber dryer temperature and 29.02 oC for ambient temperature. The improved results obtained with the multipurpose solar dryer were due to improved temperature obtained with the solar dryer chamber. Orhorhoro EK | Aregbe O | Tamuno RI "Performance Evaluation of a Developed Multipurpose Solar Dryer" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31195.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/31195/performance-evaluation-of-a-developed-multipurpose-solar-dryer/orhorhoro-ek
A FORCED CONVECTION DRYER WAS DESIGNED AND COMMISSIONED FOR DRYING PROCESS
IT IS BASED ON THE MIXED MODE WITH DIRECT AND INDIRECT TYPE OF HEATING MECHANISM
Preservation of Food Items Using Solar Dryers: A ReviewIJERA Editor
In order to conserve the food products like chillies, grapes, potatoes & other agricultural products, for a longer
period of time & with same the quality they need to be dried by using any form of energy, for example heat
energy from fossil fuels or solar energy etc. This is done to reduce the moisture content to a predetermined level
which prevents the growth & reproduction of micro organisms like bacteria, yeasts etc. that causes many
moisture mediated deterioration reactions. One of the drying methods involves drying the produce with the help
of direct sun light by spreading them in an open space. This process is labor intensive & requires a large area for
spreading the produced to dry out. The disadvantage of this method involves uneven heating, loss of produce
due to birds, animals, bad weather etc. Another method of drying involves artificial mechanical drying which is
an energy intensive, expensive and costly method. Green house drying or solar drying gives the best results as it
does not compromise the product quality, aesthetic etc. Moreover it makes the transportation process easy as the
volume of dried product reduces. This paper reviews the solar drying process & gives complete in depth of all
the elements involve in solar drying.
In this slide given description about different Type of Single phase induction Motor.
i.e.Capacitor start motor
Permanent capacitor motor
Capacitor start capacitor run motor
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
1. Name :- Smit Shah -140410109096
S.Y electrical 2 Sem 4
Subject:-EPG
Topic :- .
2. Solar Drying
Food Preservation
Food spoilage is caused due to molds, yeast , bacteria and
enzymes.
Preservation can Reduce wastage and facilitate export to
high-value markets.
Methods of Preservation are : canning, freezing, pickling,
curing and drying.
3. Natural Drying
Drying was done by open Sun under the open sky.
Slow process.
Reduction in product quality due to insects and micro-organisms
growth.
Spoilage of product due to rain, wind, moist, dust ,birds & animals,
fungal growth.
Time consuming.
Requires large area.
4. Solar dryers
Useful from energy conservation point of view.
Occupies less area.
Improves quality of product.
Protects environment.
5. Solar dryers useful for …
Agricultural crop drying
Food processing industries for dehydration of fruits and
vegetables
Fish and meat drying
Dairy industries for the production of milk powder
Seasoning of wood and timber
Textile industries for drying of textile materials
6. Solar Drying Essentials.
A drying Chamber in which
Food is dried.
A Solar collector that heats
the air .
Air flow system.
Drying
Chamber
Airflow
Solar
Collector
8. Tent Dryer
Consist of wood poles
covered with plastic
sheet.
The food to be dried is
placed on a rack above
the ground.
Main purpose is to
protect from dust, rain,
wind and predators.
Disadvantage of being
easily damaged by rain.
9. Box Dryer
Used for small scale
food drying.
Wooden box with
hinged transparent lid.
Inside is painted black
& food supported on
mesh tray above dryer.
Air flows into the
chamber through holes
in front & exits from
vents at top of back
wall.
10. Seesaw Dryer
Rigid Rectangular frame,
the length of which being 3
times the width resting on a
support with an axis.
This support is oriented
north-south & is high to
allow the frame to be tilted
at 30° towards east in the
morning and in west in
afternoon.
The material for drying is
kept on number of wooden
frame 100 x 50.
11. Cabinet dryer
Is a large wooden or
metal box.
The air passes through the
air duct into the drying
chamber and over drying
trays containing food.
The moist air is
discharged through the air
vents at the top of
column.
As the air enters below
the bottom try, this tray
will dry first.
13. Introduction
Clean drinking water is the basic necessity for every human being,
but about 1.1 billion people in the world lacked proper drinking
water.
Clean drinking water is the basic necessity for every
human being, but about 1.1 billion people in the world
lacked proper drinking water.
14. Water purification
There are many different types of water purification
processes such as filtration, reverse osmosis,
ultraviolet radiation, carbon absorption, but the most
reliable processes are distillation and boiling .
15. Solar water purification
In solar distillation water is evaporated; using the
energy of the sun then the vapor condenses as pure
water. This process removes salts and other impurities.
Solar energy is allowed into the collector to heat the
water. The water evaporates only to condense on the
underside of the glass. When water evaporates, only
the water vapor rises, leaving contaminants behind.
The gentle slope of the glass directs the condensate to
a collection trough, which in turn delivers the water to
the collection bottle.
16.
17. Solar distill
Constructing a solar water distiller using available
utensils like plastic for casing, aluminum for
absorption of heat, glass and the thermocol for
insulation. Got the temperature of water up to 60
degrees and 100 ml of distilled water in 4 hours.