The document summarizes the stages of a site investigation which includes a desk study, site reconnaissance, detailed exploration and sampling, field/in-situ testing, and laboratory testing. The objectives are to assess suitability, enable adequate design, plan construction, determine ground changes, and document the investigation in a report. Site investigations involve exploring ground conditions through methods like boreholes, trial pits, and geophysical surveys to inform engineering design decisions.

1. SITE INVESTIGATION PREPARED BY SARINA

2. Site Investigation (SI) is the exploration or discovery of the ground conditions to enable engineers to make informed design decisions.

3. OBJECTIVE OF SI The British Standard Code of Practice BS 5930:1991 gives a list of the objects of site investigation as follows: To assess the general suitability of the site and environs for the proposed works 2. To enable an adequate and economic design to be prepared, including the design of temporary works The British Standard Code of Practice BS 5930:1991 gives a list of the objects of site investigation as follows:

4. 3 . To plan the best method of construction 4. To determine the changes that may arise in the ground and environmental conditions , either naturally or as a result of the works, and the effect of such changes on the works, and the environment in general

5. STAGE OF SI DESK STUDY 2. SITE RECONNAISSANCE 3. DETAILED SITE EXPLORATION AND SAMPLING 4. FIELD TEST / IN-SITU TESTING 5. LABORATORY TESTING 6. REPORT

6. This is essentially the collection of a wide variety of information relating to the site. e.g. maps, drawings; details of existing or historic development, local authority information; geological maps, memoirs, records; details of utilities, services, restrictions, right-of way, ownership of adjacent property; aerial photograph.

7. An early examination of the site by appropriate experts is most desirable. eg. Geologist, land surveyor, soils engineer, hydrologist etc. Information should be collected on the overall site layout, topography, basic geology; details of access, entry and height restrictions

8. HOW MANY BH OR OTHER SI METHOD CRITERIA OF TERMINATING BH FIELD TEST;CRITERIA & FREQUENCY SAMPLING TYPE; CRITERIA & FREQUENCY REFERENCE NOTE;FOR BUILDING & ROADS PROJECT DOCUMENTATION; DRAWINGS

9. Projek Jarak 9m) Kedalaman Bangunan satu tingkat 10 - 30 6 -9 m dari dasar asas Bangunan ‘Multi Storey’ 15- 30 2 kali lebar struktur Lebuh raya 250 - 500 Minimum 1- 1.5m di bawah subdred Empangan tanah 40 -80 Minimum 12- 15 m atau 3 m dalam batuan keras PROJECT DISTANCE (m) DEPTH Sigle storey 10 - 30 6 -9 m from foundation base ‘ Multi Storey’ 15- 30 2 X Structure width Highway 250 - 500 Minimum 1- 1.5m below subgred Soil dam 40 -80 Minimum 12- 15 m atau 3 m in hard rock

10. Investigation of detailed geology and sub-surface soil conditions using surface surveys, trial pits, headings, boreholes, sounding, geophysical methods, as appropriate; survey of groundwater conditions over a signification period of time

11. MACINTOSH PROBE CONE PENETRATION TEST, CPT

12. SHALLOW EXPLORATION TRIAL PITS TRENCH HAND AUGER

13. DEEP EXPLORATION PENJARAAN TUKUL (PERCUSSION BORING) PENGGERUDIAN PUTAR (ROTARY DRILLING) PENGGERUDIAN BASAH (WASH BORING)

15. PENSAMPELAN TAK TERGANGGU (UNDISTURBED SAMPLE) * KEKUATAN RICIH * PENGUKUHAN TERGANGGU ( DISTURBED) * PENGELASAN TANAH *UJIAN PEMADATAN HAD-HAD ATTERBERG

16. THIN WALL SAMPLER OPEN TUBE SAMPLER SPLIT SPOON SAMPLER PISTON SAMPLER CONTINUOUS SAMPLER

17. STANDARTD PENETRATION TEST PLATE BEARING TEST CONE PENETRATION TEST VANE SHEAR TEST

18. FOR DESCRIPTION, CLASSIFICATION & CORRELATION - COLOUR, MOISTURE CONTENT, SG, POROSITY , LL, PL, PI, SL, PARTICLE SIZE SHEAR STRENGH – TRIAXIAL TEST, DIRECT SHEAR TEST, CONSOLIDATION , PERMEABILITY TEST CORROSION – pH, SULPHATE & CHLORIDE, SALTS

19. Details of geological study, including structures, stratigraphy and mapping; results of borings, etc., including log, references for samples and stratigraphy interpretations as requested; comments and recommendations relating to the design and construction of the proposed works; recommendations relating to further investigating or testing, and to ongoing or post-completion monitoring.